MINIMUM TILLAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR SUMMERFALLOW IN WESTERN CANADA

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Molberg ◽  
E. V. McCurdy ◽  
A. Wenhardt ◽  
D. A. Dew ◽  
R. D. Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Soil Moisture Conservation ◽  
Tillage Operations

Experiments at seven locations in Western Canada between 1956 and 1961 indicated that three or four tillage operations were usually enough for satisfactory weed control on summerfallow, and generally provided highest yields of grain. Two tillage operations were not sufficient. The herbicides that were available did not control all of the weeds that were present. Nitrate nitrogen accumulation at the end of the summerfallow period was greater when weeds were adequately controlled by tillage than with incomplete control. Different amounts of tillage had little effect on soil-moisture conservation. The use of herbicides without tillage resulted in inadequate weed control in most years, and slightly less moisture was stored.

The Influence of Tillage Practices on Yields and Weed Control in Safflower

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Fenster ◽  
L. R. Robison
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Tillage Operations ◽  
Moldboard Plow

An experiment to investigate tillage practices for producing safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and controlling weeds was conducted from 1963 to 1965. Three tillage intensities designated excessive, moderate, and minimum, depending on the number and kind of tillage operations performed prior to planting, were used. Three different tillage tools used as the primary implement in preparing the seedbed were sweep machine, oneway, and moldboard plow.Excessive, moderate, and minimum tillage plots averaged 342, 374, and 413 lb/A of safflower and 72, 73, and 63 lb/A of weeds, respectively. The sweep machine plots produced the highest safflower yields and lowest weed yields at all intensities with the oneway and moldboard plow about the same. Yields produced from the best treatments in the experiment (minimum tillage with the sweep machine and seeding with the shoe drill) averaged approximately 300 lb/A more than commercial fields and weed control was effective.

Nutrition and Growth of White Spruce Outplants: Enhancement by Herbicidal Site Preparation

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy F. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Fertility Effect ◽  
Soil Moisture Conservation ◽  
Eastern Ontario

Two Rubicon sand sites in eastern Ontario, differing in fertility (sparsely vegetated area I and densely sodded area II) were each subdivided into 24 plots, 3.5 m × 3.5 m. Twelve plots in each area were treated with paraquat plus simazine in August, 1969, and, with 12 control plots in each area, were planted at 38 cm × 38 cm spacing with 16 white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) in May, 1970. Soil fertility significantly influenced nutrition and growth. Weed control significantly conserved soil moisture (on which survival in area II was dependent) and gave highly significant increases in foliage nutrient concentrations. This fertility effect, rather than soil moisture conservation, is considered to be the principal cause of the highly significant increases in height increment in area II in 1970 and subsequently in both areas.

CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL ON SUMMERFALLOW

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Molberg ◽  
J. R. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Soil Moisture Conservation ◽  
Heavy Clay

Use of residual and contact herbicides was compared with cultivation for weed control on summerfallow on Regina heavy clay from 1964 to 1967, inclusive. A single spring application of desmetryne (2-isopropylamino-4-methylamino-6-methylthio-s-triazine) at 3 kg/ha gave 77 to 90% weed control without reducing wheat yields the following year. Disadvantages were incomplete weed control, and herbicide persistence in the soil with thinning of the following wheat crop in some years.Three or four applications of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridinium (salt)) at 1 kg/ha gave weed control equal to cultivation of summerfallow. Chemical summerfallow was equal to cultivated summerfallow in its effects on soil moisture conservation, NO3-N accumulation and crop yields. Chemical summerfallow conserved 91% of the original crop residues compared with 24% for cultivated summerfallow. This extra crop residue was sufficient to prevent serious soil erosion from wind. Paraquat is currently too expensive to compete with cultivation.

Progress towards no-till organic weed control in western Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Eric N. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
No Till ◽  
Green Manure Crops

AbstractOrganic farmers in western Canada rely on tillage to control weeds and incorporate crop residues that could plug mechanical weed-control implements. However, tillage significantly increases the risk of soil erosion. For farmers seeking to reduce or eliminate tillage, potential alternatives include mowing or using a roller crimper for terminating green manure crops (cover crops) or using a minimum tillage (min-till) rotary hoe for mechanically controlling weeds. Although many researchers have studied organic crop production in western Canada, few have studied no-till organic production practices. Two studies were recently conducted in Saskatchewan to determine the efficacy of the following alternatives to tillage: mowing and roller crimping for weed control, and min-till rotary hoeing weed control in field pea (Pisum sativum L.). The first study compared mowing and roller crimping with tillage when terminating faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and field pea green manure crops. Early termination of annual green manure crops with roller crimping or mowing resulted in less weed regrowth compared with tillage. When compared with faba bean, field pea produced greater crop biomass, suppressed weeds better and had less regrowth. Wheat yields following pea were not affected by the method of termination. Thus, this first study indicated that roller crimping and mowing are viable alternatives to tillage to terminate field pea green manure crops. The second study evaluated the tolerance and efficacy of a min-till rotary harrow in no-till field pea production. The min-till rotary hoe was able to operate in no-till cereal residues and multiple passes did not affect the level of residue cover. Field pea exhibited excellent tolerance to the min-till rotary hoe. Good weed control occurred with multiple rotary hoe passes, and pea seed yield was 87% of the yield obtained in the herbicide-treated check. Therefore, this second study demonstrated that min-till rotary hoeing effectively controls many small seeded annual weeds in the presence of crop residue and thus can reduce the need for tillage in organic-cropping systems.

Impact of cultivars and herbicides on weed management in alfalfa

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
S. N. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Weeds, especially dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in F.H. Wigg.), tend to infest a forage alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stand 2 to 4 yr after establishment. To develop better weed management systems, experiments were conducted at Lethbridge, Alberta, from 1995 to 2002 and Creston, British Columbia, from 1998 to 2001, which included the alfalfa cultivars Beaver (standard type) and AC Blue J (Flemish type) and annual applications of metribuzin and hexazinone. These herbicides are registered for weed control in irrigated alfalfa in Alberta and alfalfa grown for seed. In addition, two sulfonylurea herbicides, metsulfuron and sulfosulfuron, and glyphosate were included. All of the herbicides except glyphosate controlled or suppressed dandelion and mustard family weeds. Metsulfuron at 5 g a.i. ha-1 almost completely controlled dandelion at both locations. However, after metsulfuron application at Lethbridge, dandelion was replaced with an infestation of downy brome, which is unpalatable for cattle. None of the herbicides increased total forage (alfalfa + weed) yield, and in some instances herbicides reduced forage quality by causing a shift from a palatable to an unpalatable weed species. However, it was observed that AC Blue J consistently yielded more than Beaver, and weed biomass was consistently less in the higher-yielding cultivar. AC Blue J was developed primarily for the irrigated area in southern Alberta and for southern British Columbia. Therefore, additional experiments should be conducted to determine which alfalfa cultivars have the greatest ability to compete with weeds in other regions of western Canada. Key words: Alfalfa yield, dandelion, forage quality, weed control

scholarly journals The Influence of Moss Colonization and Biochar Application on Evaporation Losses and Surface Crack in Shallow Carbonate–Derived Laterite During Dry–Wet Cycles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Che ◽  
Dongdong Liu ◽  
Dongli She
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Surface Cracks ◽  
Evaporation Model ◽  
Soil Desiccation ◽  
Evaporation Losses ◽  
Soil Moisture Conservation ◽  
Surface Temperature Field

Abstract AimsSoil water deficit in karst mountain lands is becoming an issue of concern owing to porous, fissured, and soluble nature of underlying karst bedrock. It is important to identify feasible methods to facilitate soil water preservation in karst mountainous lands. This study aims to seek the possibility of combined utilization of moss colonization and biochar application to reduce evaporation losses in carbonate-derived laterite.MethodsThe treatments of the experiments at micro-lysimeter included four moss spore amounts (0, 30, 60, and 90 g·m−2) and four biochar application levels (0, 100, 400, and 700 g·m−3). The dynamics of moss coverage, characteristics of soil surface cracks and surface temperature field were identified. An empirical evaporation model considering the interactive effects of moss colonization and biochar application was proposed and assessed.ResultsMoss colonization reduced significantly the ratio of soil desiccation cracks. Relative cumulative evaporation decreased linearly with increasing moss coverage under four biochar application levels. Biochar application reduced critical moss coverage associated with inhibition of evaporation by 33.26%-44.34%. The empirical evaporation model enabled the calculation of soil evaporation losses under moss colonization and biochar application, with the R2 values ranging from 0.94 to 0.99.Conclusions Our result showed that the artificially cultivated moss, which was induced by moss spores and biochar, decreased soil evaporation by reducing soil surface cracks, increasing soil moisture and soil surface temperature.Moss colonization and biochar application has the potential to facilitate soil moisture conservation in karst mountain lands.

Effects of Basic Soil Treatment Techniques on the Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation Dynamics in Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
N. M. Sokolov ◽  
N. M. Zholinsky ◽  
S. B. Streltsov ◽  
I. N. Korableva
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Treatment Techniques
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