scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOIL TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE ON YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY BARLEY

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mack
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Wilting Point ◽  
Heading Stage ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

In a field experiment yields of barley were lower, regardless of moisture, when the mean minimal soil temperature was near 27 °C than near 9 °C or 18 °C. The highest yields were obtained at 18 °C. Application of fertilizer increased final yields and uptake of N, P, and K at 9 °C and 18 °C but not at 27 °C. At 9 °C and 18 °C response to added fertilizer occurred as the moisture content of the soil was raised from near the wilting point to field capacity. During the early stages of growth an increase either in temperature or moisture increased the uptake of N, P, and K. Percentage P in the plant material during early growth was related to yield near heading stage when soil temperature conditions were considered. The protein content of the grain was increased at the higher soil temperature for all moisture conditions.

The Influence of Soil Moisture on the Foliar Activity of Diclofop

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 534-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Dortenzio ◽  
R. F. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Herbicide Activity ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Wilting Point

Loss in activity of foliar-applied methyl ester of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} occurred under low soil moisture conditions. A loss in control of yellow foxtail [Setaria lutescens(Weigel) Hubb.], wild oats (Avena fatuaL.), little-seed canarygrass (Phalaris minorRetz.), and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.], was observed under greenhouse and growth chamber conditions. When soil was maintained at 2 to 3% above wilting point as compared to near field capacity, herbicide activity was decreased by 15 to 50%. High soil moisture (at or above 67% of field capacity) for at least 2 to 4 days following treatment was needed to achieve maximum effectiveness of the herbicide. Daily furrow irrigations for a period of 10 days following treatment of barnyardgrass in the field resulted in highest activity as compared to that under single irrigation regimes within the 10-day period. The effect of low soil moisture was minimized by increased rates of herbicide application. Hoe-29152 {methyl-2-[4-(4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)phenoxy] propanoate} showed similar losses in activity associated with low soil moisture. No consistent changes in uptake or translocation of14C-labeled diclofop could be detected in association with altered soil moisture status.

SOME MOISTURE RELATIONS IN A SOLONETZIC SOIL COMPLEX

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Nutritional Problem ◽  
Solonetzic Soil ◽  
Soil Complex ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Wilting Point

Field study of some of the moisture conditions in a Duagh-Malmo Solonetzic soil complex revealed that the depth of soil drying was closely related to the degree of solodization. Data pertaining to the wilting point and field capacity of the soil did not reveal any reason for the differences in the field productivity and water distribution for these soils. Barley seedlings grown on surface samples of the Solonetz member exhibited a nutritional disorder. The addition of sodium sulphate, the predominant readily soluble salt in the lime-salt horizon of this soil, overcame the nutritional disorder, reduced water uptake, and increased productivity. The addition of up to 20 milliequivalents of sodium per 100 grams of soil did not create a wilting condition, even when the moisture level was allowed to fall to the measured wilting point. It is suggested that a nutritional problem may have a significant bearing on water utilization by plants grown on these soils.

Soil temperature and its association with maize yield variations in the Highlands of Kenya

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. M. Cooper ◽  
R. Law
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Mean

summaryIn the Highlands of Kenya every 1-week delay in planting maize after the onset of the rains reduces the grain yield by approximately 0·6 t/ha. No satisfactory explanation has been found for this phenomenon. A physiological growth study was made on four dates of planting per year over 4 years. Early growth rates and maximum crop growth rates showed a progressive decline with delay in planting which resulted in smaller plants at 5 weeks post-emergence and at 50 % tassel emergence in maize planted later. There was a strong relationship between the size of plant at tasselling and the final grain yield and a highly significant relationship (r = 0·94) between the size of plant at 5 weeks post emergence and the final grain yield. Other environmental studies showed that soil temperature at 7·5 cm, coupled with a soil moisture stress factor, largely controlled the dry-matter production rate during early growth, and consideration of the mean value of these two variables over the first 5 weeks of growth accounted for 70% of the variation of dry matter at 5 weeks post-emergence. It was further shown that 82% of the variation in final grain yield caused by date of planting could be accounted for by consideration of the mean value of these two variables during the first 5 weeks of growth.

EFFECT OF SOIL WATER CONTENT ON THE WINTER SURVIVAL OF WINTER WHEAT, RYE AND TRITICALE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVES CLOUTIER ◽  
ANDRÉ COMEAU ◽  
MICHÈLE BERNIER-CARDOU ◽  
DENIS A. ANGERS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Ice Encasement ◽  
Wilting Point

A field study was conducted to determine the effect of soil moisture on the survival of three winter cereal species. Treatments were applied by watering and weighing the soil to the desired water content. Plants were overwintered in a plastic greenhouse in 1988 and in 1989, in which the air was not heated, but the soil was slightly heated on cold days to avoid very low temperatures. Soil temperature did not fall below −16 °C. Soil temperature rate of change was dependent on moisture content. Puma winter rye and Otrastajuskaja 38 winter wheat were the hardiest, followed by Wintri winter triticale and Norstar winter wheat. Harus winter wheat was less hardy, and Champlein winter wheat was totally winter killed. The highest survival rate was obtained at moderate to high soil moisture content. The soil contained 44% water at field capacity and 19% at the wilting point. The drier the soil in the range 13–23%, the greater the mortality indicating a negative effect of long-term drought on plant survival. By contrast, the wettest treatments: 58% and partial ice encasement, did not reduce survival. However, total ice encasement killed 50–75% of the plants depending on the cultivar. There was an interaction between cultivar and moisture treatment. The data suggest that a moisture level intermediate between the wilting point and field capacity should be sought in studies of cold hardiness.Key words: Moisture, winterkill, ice encasement, wheat, rye, triticale

Effects of soil temperature and moisture on the pathogenicity of fungi associated with root rot of subterranean clover

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Wong ◽  
MJ Barbetti ◽  
K Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

The effects of soil temperature (10, 15, 20 and 25�C) and moisture (45% water holding capacity (WHC), 65% WHC, and flooding) on the pathogenicity of five fungi, both alone and in combinations, were investigated to determine the involvement of these fungi in a severe root rot disorder of subterranean clover in Western Australia. Fusarium avenaceum, Pythium irregulare, and Rhizoctonia solani were highly pathogenic while Fusarium oxysporum and Phoma medicaginis, particularly when used singly, were only weakly pathogenic. Compared with individual fungi, fungal combinations increased the severity of root disease and decreased plant survival and plant fresh weight. While the fungi investigated caused root rot over the range of soil temperatures and moisture conditions of this investigation, the most severe root rot occurred at 10�C, with less at 15 and 25�C, and least at 20�C. Temperature had a marked effect on the disease severity and its effect varied with individual fungi and their combinations, in particular, combinations involving P. irregulare (severest root rot at 10 and 15�C). The most severe root rotting, compared with the control, occurred at 65% WHC, with less at 45% WHC, and least under flooding conditions. There was often a significant interaction between temperature and moisture for the various fungi and fungal combinations tested.

scholarly journals Do ARMA Models Provide Better Gap Filling in Time Series of Soil Temperature and Soil Moisture? The Case of Arable Land in the Kulunda Steppe, Russia

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Elena Ponkina ◽  
Patrick Illiger ◽  
Olga Krotova ◽  
Andrey Bondarovich
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Gap Filling ◽  
Imputation Methods ◽  
Kulunda Steppe ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

The adoption of climate-smart agriculture requires the comprehensive development of environmental monitoring tools, including online observation of climate and soil settings. They are often designed to measure soil properties automatically at different depths at hour or minute intervals. It is essential to have a complete dataset to use statistical models for the prediction of soil properties and to make short-term decisions regarding soil tillage operations and irrigation during a vegetation period. This is also important in applied hydrological studies. Nevertheless, the time series of soil hydrological measurements often have data gaps for different reasons. The study focused on solving a problem of gap-filling in hourly time series of soil temperature and moisture, measured at the 30 cm depth using a weighted gravitation lysimeter station while meteorological data were recorded simultaneously by a weather station. The equipment was installed in the Kulunda Steppe in the Altai Krai, Russia. Considering that climate conditions affect soil temperature and moisture content directly, we did a comparative analysis of the gap-filling performance using the three imputation methods—linear interpolation, multiple linear regression, and extended ARMA (p,q) models with exogenous climatic variables. The results showed that, according to the minimum of the mean absolute error, ARMA (p,q) models with optimally selected order parameters, and an adaptive window, had some advantages compared to other single-imputation methods. The ARMA (p,q) model produced a good quality of gap-filling in time series with the mean absolute error of 0.19 °C and 0.08 Vol. % for soil temperature and moisture content, respectively. The findings supplemented the methodology of hydrological data processing and the development of digital tools for the online monitoring of climate and soil properties in agriculture.

scholarly journals Sprinkler irrigation on clay soils in southern Finland I. Sprinkler irrigation, its technique and effect on soil moisture

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Paavo Elonen ◽  
Lasse Nieminen ◽  
Osmo Kara
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Wilting Point

During the last three years, 1964—66, investigations on sprinkler irrigation of spring cereals have been carried out. The experimental fields were clay soils in Southern Finland. Neutral river and lake waters containing small amounts of soluble salts were applied in the nighttime. The application rate of the rotary sprinklers used was 2.5—4 mm per hour with the radius of 12±2 m. With this technique the experimental soils having poor structure endured the irrigation without any crust formation. It was found that the sprinklers equipped with two nozzles distributed the water more uniformly than those with one nozzle. With the former sprinklers a fairly good uniformity was attained: The amount of water usually varied between 25 and 35 mm with an average of 30 mm, except in a relatively small area nearest to the sprinklers which received too much water and in the area at the greatest distance from the sprinklers with less than the average amounts of water. The soil water conditions were followed by gypsum blocks inserted at different depths. In each experimental year, within 2—3 weeks from sprouting, the available water in the top soils decreased to 50 per cent of the total capacity. This dry condition existed for two months in the years 1964 and 1966 and for one month in 1965. During these dry periods the top soils were near the wilting point for a long time, and in 1966 the available water was wholly exhausted. The influence of transpiration was effective also in deeper layers. In 1966, the soil reached the wilting point also at the depth of 40 cm and stayed at this condition for about one month. The effect of a 30—37 mm irrigation on the soil moisture conditions lasted only for 1—2 weeks. Thus, the rate of evapotranspiration was as much as 4 mm per day. The plants consumed water simultaneously from the whole root zone, yet, most effectively from the surface layers. The top soil (20 cm in thickness) which had reached the wilting point was not completely moistened by the amounts of water applied. This indicates the high capacity of clay soils to store water. It is also noteworthy that a part of irrigation water percolated to 40 cm before the soil at the depths of 10 and 20 cm had time to get to the field capacity. In experimental years, to ensure favourable moisture conditions to spring cereals several high applications of water would have been needed. This proves that also during the short growing season in Finland a serious shortage of water may occur.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document