THE EFFECT OF DRAINAGE CONDITION ON THE REDOX POTENTIAL, LEACHATE COMPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOIL PARENT MATERIAL STUDIED IN THE LABORATORY

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKeague ◽  
C. F. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Leachate Analysis ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Leachate Composition ◽  
Measurable Change

Plastic columns containing a calcareous clay loam soil parent material with and without ground aspen leaves at the surface were maintained under different drainage conditions for 32 months. Distilled water was added at regular intervals. Results of redox potential (Eh) measurements at four depths, leachate analysis and analysis of the soil material are presented.With water table to the surface and a layer of surface leaves, low Eh readings and appreciable iron movement resulted. In a column with fluctuating water table and surface leaves, raising the water table brought about a decrease in the Eh of the soil below the water table. Height of water table had no effect on the Eh of a column which had no leaves at the surface. In columns where the soil material was mixed with quartz sand, leaching brought about marked downward movement of silt and clay size particles. Apart from the removal of soluble salts, there was little measurable change in columns which had no admixture of sand.

scholarly journals Textural diversity in selected Retisols in the catena of the Opalenica Plain (western Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kozłowski ◽  
Jolanta Komisarek
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Distance Measure ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Ground Moraine ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Soil Parent Material

Abstract The investigation was carried out in the catena of Retisols within the Opalenica Plain. The aim of the study was to characterize the variation in texture of selected Retisols formed from ground moraine glacial till of Leszno Phase of Vistulian glaciation. The analyzed soils are characterized by a similar degree of soil material segregation, which is characteristic for the typical glacial till. Particle size distribution and granulometric indices lead to conclusion that soils located in the catena on summit and shoulder positions, have vertical texture distribution formed primarily by lessivage process. Sandy texture of eluvial horizons noted in the Retisol of the slope pediment can be a consequence of not only lessivage but also of slope forming processes that led to the appearance of lithic discontinuity. The cluster analysis using Ward’s method and 1-rPearson as the distance measure can be helpful for identification the lithogenic uniformity and/or non-uniformity of soil parent material.

scholarly journals Research on heavy metal level and co-occurrence network in typical ecological fragile area

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Zhao ◽  
Liangmin Gao ◽  
Fugeng Zha ◽  
Xiaoqing Chen ◽  
Xiaofang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Sampling Points

AbstractDue to the special sensitivity of typical ecologically fragile areas, a series of human life, mining, and other activities have a greater impact on the environment. In this study, three coal mines in Ordos City on the Loess Plateau were selected as the study area, and the pollution levels of heavy metals in the area were studied by measuring As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Pb in the soil of 131 sampling points. Combined with the concept of “co-occurrence network” in biology, the level of heavy metals in soil was studied using geostatistics and remote sensing databases. The results showed that the concentrations of Hg, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Pb in more than half of the sampling points were higher than the local environmental background value, but did not exceed the risk control value specified by China, indicating that human factors have a greater influence, while Cd and As elements are mainly affected Soil parent material and human factors influence. Heavy metal elements have nothing to do with clay and silt but have an obvious correlation with gravel. Cd, Pb, As and Ni, Cd, Cr are all positively correlated, and different heavy metals are in space The distribution also reflects the autocorrelation, mainly concentrated in the northeast of the TS mining area and the middle of the PS mining area.

The influence of forest site on rate and extent of soil compaction and profile disturbance of skid trails during ground-based harvesting

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1196-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Williamson ◽  
W A Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Wet Forests

Soil compaction has been considered a principal form of damage associated with logging, restricting root growth and reducing productivity. The rate and extent of soil compaction on skid trails was measured at six field locations covering a range of dry and wet forests. Data was collected for up to 21 passes of a laden logging machine. A similar extent of compaction, averaging 0.17 g·cm-3 increase in total soil bulk density (BD), was recorded for all field sites despite substantial site and soil differences. On average, 62% of the compaction in the top 10 cm of the soil occurred after only one pass of a laden logging machine. The environment under which soils had formed played a major role in determining the BD of the undisturbed soil. Compaction was strongly related to the original BD, forest type, and soil parent material. Soil strengths obtained in the field fell below levels found to restrict root growth. However, reduction in macropores, and the effect of that on aeration and drainage could reduce tree growth. On the wettest soils logged, machine forces displaced topsoils rather than causing compaction in situ. Recommended logging methods and implications for the development of sustainability indices are discussed.

A comparison of plastic and tile drain pipes with differing cover materials

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
JG Obbink
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Tile Drains ◽  
Plastic Pipe ◽  
Cover Material

A comparison was made between three types of plastic drain pipes and conventional earthen tile drains combined with cover materials of washed river sand, fibreglass, and tar paper. Rate of drawdown of a water table was measured for each combination of pipe and cover material over a period of 220 hours. Soil material that accumulated over three years in the observation pits and over four years in the pipes was measured. All combinations of pipes and cover materials provided satisfactory drainage and there were no differences of practical significance between them in terms of rate of drawdown. The river sand used in the experiment caused blockage of slot openings in corrugated plastic pipe, and one type of smooth walled plastic pipe was badly distorted by soil pressure leading to a widening of the slots, entry of soil material and breaking the fibreglass covering. Another type of plastic pipe was unsatisfactory because the perforation method left plastic material as hairs within the pipe. The fibreglass, 0.2 mm thick, was too thin to be entirely satisfactory, but was, under favourable conditions, a most effective cover material. Tar paper was quite unsatisfactory as material to prevent soil entry to pipes.

Soil parent material and stand development stage effects on labile soil C and N pools in Chinese fir plantations

Geoderma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Mulualem Tigabu ◽  
Zhigang Yi ◽  
Huitong Li ◽  
Zheng Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Stage ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
C And N Pools

Root Growth and Yield Response of Rainfed Lowland Rice to Planting Method

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Sharma ◽  
S. K. De Datta ◽  
C. A. Redulla
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Rainfed Lowland ◽  
Loam Soil

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted on two soils (clay loam and sandy loam) with varying texture and water table depth to study the effects of two planting methods (dry seeding and transplanting) on the root growth and grain yield of rainfed lowland rice. About 75% of the roots were found in the top 10 cm soil. Root length density at the flowering stage and grain yield in the sandy loam soil, with a water table deeper than 1.5 m, were less in dry-seeded than in transplanted rice, probably because of the greater moisture stress in dry-seeded rice between late tillering and harvest. In the clay loam soil, with the water table mostly at the soil surface, there was no difference in grain yield between dry-seeded and transplanted rice.

scholarly journals Lability of Pb in soil: effects of soil properties and contaminant source

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingchen Mao ◽  
Elizabeth H. Bailey ◽  
Jonathan Chester ◽  
Joseph Dean ◽  
E. Louise Ander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Contaminant Source ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Soil Parent Material

Environmental context There is growing concern that lead in the environment may cause adverse health effects in human populations. We investigated the combined use of isotopic abundance and isotopic dilution to show how the origins of soil Pb and soil characteristics affect lability. Soil pH and soil Pb content are the dominant controls on Pb lability; the lability of recent petrol-derived Pb is similar to that of other sources in urban soils but greater than geogenic Pb in rural roadside topsoils. Abstract Lability of lead in soils is influenced by both soil properties and source(s) of contamination. We investigated factors controlling Pb lability in soils from (i) land adjacent to a major rural road, (ii) a sewage processing farm and (iii) an archive of the geochemical survey of London. We measured isotopically exchangeable Pb (E-values; PbE), phase fractionation of Pb by a sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and inferred source apportionment from measured Pb isotopic ratios. Isotopic ratios (206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb) of total soil Pb fell on a mixing line between those of petrol and UK coal or Pb ore. The main determinant of the isotopically exchangeable Pb fraction (%E-value) was soil pH: %E-values decreased with increasing pH. In rural roadside topsoils, there was also evidence that petrol-derived Pb remained more labile (35%) than Pb from soil parent material (27%). However, in biosolid-amended and London soils, %E-values were low (~25%), covered a restricted range and showed no clear evidence of source-dependent lability.

Impacts of Soil Conditioners and Water Table Management on Phosphorus Loss in Tile Drainage from a Clay Loam Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 572-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Q. Zhang ◽  
C. S. Tan ◽  
Z. M. Zheng ◽  
T. W. Welacky ◽  
W. D. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Phosphorus Loss ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Water Table Management ◽  
Soil Conditioners
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