A comparison of plastic and tile drain pipes with differing cover materials

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (46) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
JG Obbink
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Tile Drains ◽  
Plastic Pipe ◽  
Cover Material

A comparison was made between three types of plastic drain pipes and conventional earthen tile drains combined with cover materials of washed river sand, fibreglass, and tar paper. Rate of drawdown of a water table was measured for each combination of pipe and cover material over a period of 220 hours. Soil material that accumulated over three years in the observation pits and over four years in the pipes was measured. All combinations of pipes and cover materials provided satisfactory drainage and there were no differences of practical significance between them in terms of rate of drawdown. The river sand used in the experiment caused blockage of slot openings in corrugated plastic pipe, and one type of smooth walled plastic pipe was badly distorted by soil pressure leading to a widening of the slots, entry of soil material and breaking the fibreglass covering. Another type of plastic pipe was unsatisfactory because the perforation method left plastic material as hairs within the pipe. The fibreglass, 0.2 mm thick, was too thin to be entirely satisfactory, but was, under favourable conditions, a most effective cover material. Tar paper was quite unsatisfactory as material to prevent soil entry to pipes.

THE EFFECT OF DRAINAGE CONDITION ON THE REDOX POTENTIAL, LEACHATE COMPOSITION AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOIL PARENT MATERIAL STUDIED IN THE LABORATORY

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McKeague ◽  
C. F. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Redox Potential ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Leachate Analysis ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Leachate Composition ◽  
Measurable Change

Plastic columns containing a calcareous clay loam soil parent material with and without ground aspen leaves at the surface were maintained under different drainage conditions for 32 months. Distilled water was added at regular intervals. Results of redox potential (Eh) measurements at four depths, leachate analysis and analysis of the soil material are presented.With water table to the surface and a layer of surface leaves, low Eh readings and appreciable iron movement resulted. In a column with fluctuating water table and surface leaves, raising the water table brought about a decrease in the Eh of the soil below the water table. Height of water table had no effect on the Eh of a column which had no leaves at the surface. In columns where the soil material was mixed with quartz sand, leaching brought about marked downward movement of silt and clay size particles. Apart from the removal of soluble salts, there was little measurable change in columns which had no admixture of sand.

Performance of Superpave Mixtures Under Accelerated Load Testing

2000 ◽  
Vol 1716 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Wu ◽  
Mustaque Hossain ◽  
Andrew J. Gisi
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Transverse Strain ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Equivalency Factors ◽  
Pavement Damage

The performances of two Superpave® test sections, constructed with 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) nominal maximum size Superpave mixture (SM-2A) with varying percentages of river sand at the Kansas Accelerated Testing Laboratory (K-ATL), are described. A 150-kN (34-kip) tandem axle with dual wheels and 620-kPa (90-psi) tire pressure was used for loading. After 10,000 repetitions, the sections were loaded by 160-kN (36-kip), 150-kN (34-kip), and 144-kN (32.5-kip) tandem axles and 98-kN (22-kip), 90-kN (20-kip), and 80-kN (18-kip) single axles, for estimating relative pavement damage due to different axle loads and configurations. Critical pavement responses were measured on each test section with the transverse strain gauges and soil pressure cells under both K-ATL tandem axle and falling weight deflectomter (FWD) loads. The pavement responses were also estimated from a multilayer elastic analysis program, ELSYM5. Laboratory fatigue tests were conducted on the SM-2A beams. Fatigue and rutting damage analyses were then conducted. The results indicated very little fatigue damage on these sections. The Superpave mixtures appeared to be less susceptible to fatigue damage, presumably due to better aggregate structure and higher binder content than the traditional asphalt mixtures. Rutting on the section with 15 percent river sand was mainly due to consolidation of the SM-2A and/or other layers since no significant flow of the Superpave mixture was evident. The AASHTO load equivalency factors were found to be much higher than those calculated in this study.

Discussion of “Falling Water Table Between Tile Drains”

1968 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
G. M. Karadi ◽  
George Terzidis
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Tile Drains

Falling Water Table Between Tile Drains

1967 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Dirk E.L. Maasland ◽  
R. A. Shery
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Tile Drains

scholarly journals Experimental and numerical investigation of laboratory scale sheetpipe-typed automatic subsurface irrigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Satyanto Krido Saptomo ◽  
Rudiyanto ◽  
Muhamad Askari ◽  
Chusnul Arif ◽  
Willy Bayuardi Suwarno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Variable Head ◽  
Irrigation Control ◽  
Soil Wetting ◽  
Perforated Pipe ◽  
Water Table Control

Sheet pipe is a type of perforated pipe used for drainage designed initially for drainage but has the potential for sub-surface irrigation. The objectives of this study were to experiment and observe the performance of the sub-surface irrigation control system with sheet pipe. This investigation covered the observation of water table control and its effect on soil moisture. The detailed process of water flow during the setting of the water table was numerically modeled in 2 dimensions to observe the distribution of soil moisture, soil pressure, and flux. The results showed that the system successfully controlled the water table at the desired level in the experiment. The developed two-dimensional numerical simulation showed the distribution of soil moisture in the model center as a response to the water table increase, represented by the variable head. The soil wetting advances toward soil surface driven by the water table, which was increased gradually and reached saturation at the height of water table setpoint.

scholarly journals Factor Affecting the Magnitude and the Direction of the Pressure Exerted on the Gravity Retaining Wall

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1340-1343
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Earth Pressure ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Gravity Retaining Wall ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Backfill Soil ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
The Stability ◽  
External Loads

Gravity retaining wall are structures used to retain the soil by its weight .the stability of such type of walls depend on the magnitude and direction of the horizontal forces exerted by soil . it found that there is many factors affect the value and the acting point of acting. Based on this, a study was conducted to investigate the effect of water table, external vertical loads, sloping of the backfill and the type of the backfill soil. It show that, the value of the horizontal soil pressure increase from147KN/m' on dry soil to about 307 KN/m' as the soil become saturated.also,effect of external loads are studied , and show its increase the total horizontal forces of the soil pressure. Sloping the backfill soil behind the retaining wall also great effect on the earth pressure. The type of the backfill soil behind the retaining wall also investigated and found its effect of the earth forces.

scholarly journals Effect of earthquake excitation on circular tunnels: Numerical and experimental study

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 740-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Singh ◽  
SR Karumanchi ◽  
A Mandal ◽  
YB Katpatal ◽  
A Usmani
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Material ◽  
Time History ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Flow Rule ◽  
Shake Table ◽  
Bender Element ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Circular Tunnel ◽  
Dynamic Stresses ◽  
Bender Element Test

This paper studies the behaviour of circular tunnel subjected to dynamic excitation. Tunnels with three different diameters were selected to perform the shake table test at three different covers. The dry sandy soil was used for testing. The mechanical properties like Young’s modulus and shear modulus of sand was calculated from bender element test. The soil–tunnel interface coefficient was calculated from the direct shear test. The soil pressure generated due to dynamic loading were measured by soil pressure transducers. The actual motion of shake table was captured by hand-held vibration analyser. The tunnel was placed parallel and perpendicular to the direction of shaking. The three-dimensional finite-element model was developed for tunnel with both the orientations. The tunnel was assumed to be elastic. Dry sand was assumed to follow non-linear elasto-plastic material using Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion with non-associated flow rule. The results obtained from numerical analysis are compared with experimental results and are expressed in the form of peak dynamic stresses. The time history and fast Fourier transform results of dynamic stresses are also compared. It shows reasonable agreement with both values. Finally, the seismic design guidelines for tunnel are suggested.

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