scholarly journals Organic soils of Canada: Part 2. Upland Organic soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Fox ◽  
Charles Tarnocai
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Forest Sustainability ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Unique Distribution ◽  
Genetic Development

Fox, C. A. and Tarnocai, C. 2011. Organic soils of Canada: Part 2. Upland Organic soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 823–842. Soils from upland moderately well-drained environments with thick accumulations (>10 cm over lithic contact; >40 cm over mineral soil) of folic materials (forest materials, branches, roots, and other non-wetland materials) are classified within the Folisol great group in the Organic Order since the 1987 revision of the Canadian System of Soil Classification. The Folisol great group correlates to Folist in Keys to Soil Taxonomy and Folic Histosol in World Reference Base for Soil Resources (FAO). Two subgroups – Hemic and Humic Folisol – account for most Folisols addressing the state of decomposition of folic materials. The Lignic and Histic Folisol subgroups identify specific kinds of folic accumulations. Folisolic soils can occur throughout Canada, in forest, heath, and alpine ecosytems with cool, moist, humid environments, but are most prominent within the Pacific Maritime Ecozone; areal extent in Canada is ∼12 505 km2. The main genetic process is the accumulation and decomposition of the folic materials that lead to distinct F and H horizons. Recommendations for research needs are presented to address outstanding taxonomic questions for: 1. Classification of Folisols as a separate soil order; and 2. Taxonomic protocols for lowercase suffixes for the L, F and H horizons and the need for enhanced humus form classifications. Some of the historical proposals to address these issues are discussed. Folisols should be considered extremely sensitive environmentally because of their markedly different genetic development being dependent on thick accumulations of folic materials, their limited and unique distribution in Canada, and their importance for forest sustainability.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of a Detailed and Semi-Detailed Soil Mapping for Sustainable Land Management Using Conventional and Currently Applied Methodologies in Greece

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orestis Kairis ◽  
Vassiliki Dimitriou ◽  
Chrysoula Aratzioglou ◽  
Dionisios Gasparatos ◽  
Nicholas Yassoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Soil Surveys

Two soil mapping methodologies at different scales applied in the same area were compared in order to investigate the potential of their combined use to achieve an integrated and more accurate soil description for sustainable land use management. The two methodologies represent the main types of soil mapping systems used and still applied in soil surveys in Greece. Diomedes Botanical Garden (DBG) (Athens, Greece) was used as a study area because past cartographic data of soil survey were available. The older soil survey data were obtained via the conventional methodology extensively used over time since the beginnings of soil mapping in Greece (1977). The second mapping methodology constitutes the current soil mapping system in Greece recently used for compilation of the national soil map. The obtained cartographic and soil data resulting from the application of the two methodologies were analyzed and compared using appropriate geospatial techniques. Even though the two mapping methodologies have been performed at different mapping scales, using partially different mapping symbols and different soil classification systems, the description of the soils based on the cartographic symbols of the two methodologies presented an agreement of 63.7% while the soil classification by the two taxonomic systems namely Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base for Soil Resources had an average coincidence of 69.5%.

The World Reference Base for Soils (WRB) and Soil Taxonomy: an appraisal of their application to the soils of the Northern Rivers of New South Wales

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Morand
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The World ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Northern Rivers ◽  
Soil Surveys

Few soil surveys in New South Wales have utilised international soil classifications. Extensive morphological and laboratory data collected during soil surveys in the Northern Rivers region provided a strong basis for correlation with the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB), Soil Taxonomy (ST), and the Australian Soil Classification (ASC). Of the 32 reference soil groups comprising the WRB, 20 were present locally; nine of the 12 ST orders were present. After re-classification of soils, correlation of the ASC with the WRB and ST was undertaken. Soils not requiring extensive laboratory analysis for classification and sharing similar central concepts were the more straightforward to correlate. Several ASC orders have unique central concepts and were therefore difficult to correlate with any one WRB reference soil group or ST order/suborder. Other soils were difficult to correlate due to differences in definitions of similar diagnostic criteria. This is most applicable to soils with strong texture-contrast and those with natric conditions. Such soils are not adequately differentiated to suit the Northern Rivers conditions. Of the two international schemes, the WRB was easier to apply locally due to the relative simplicity of the scheme. Considering certain aspects of Australian soils would improve the applicability of the WRB as a truly international framework for soil classification and correlation. Amendments to both the ASC and WRB are suggested.

scholarly journals Comparing Uganda's indigenous soil classification system with World Reference Base and USDA Soil Taxonomy to predict soil productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. e00296
Author(s):  
Stewart Kyebogola ◽  
Lee C. Burras ◽  
Bradley A. Miller ◽  
Onesimus Semalulu ◽  
Russell S. Yost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base

scholarly journals Appropriate classification of three Swedish soils for agrarian and environmental management

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. SLÅNBERG ◽  
L. HYLANDER
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
High Base

Classification of soils according to internationally agreed criteria forms a valuable base for scientifi c and political analyses. The objectives of this study were to evaluate two soil classification systems and relate them to agricultural and environmental concerns, principally phosphorus leakage, by classifying three Swedish, arable soils. The Bjärröd soil was classifi ed as a Rupti-Endogleyic Phaeozem according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources and as a coarse-loamy, mesic Oxiaquic Hapludoll according to the Soil Taxonomy. Bjelkesta was classified as an Orthieutric Gleysol and a fi ne, frigid, Typic Endoaquept, respectively, and Götala as a Haplic Arenosol and a frigid Typic Udipsamment. We evaluated some changes to the classification systems proposed by Nordic scientists and found the classification of Bjärröd misleading and suggest it being classified as a Cambisol/Inceptisol and that information of the characteristically high base saturation in Bjelkesta and the spodic character in Götala being included in their names. This information is useful for decisions regarding agrarian and environmental management of the soils.;

scholarly journals The Pedogenesis of Soil Derived from Carbonate Rocks along a Climosequence in a Subtropical Mountain, China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Jin Hu ◽  
En Ci ◽  
Song Li ◽  
Maoshan Lian ◽  
Shouqin Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base

Revealing the pedogenesis of soil on carbonate rocks is a key step in determining the boundaries of soil types along a climosequence. However, related research is lacking for a subtropical mountain. In this study, eight pedons were sampled across an elevation gradient (789–2322 m) having large variation in mean annual precipitation (MAP) (1189–1764 mm) and mean annual temperature (MAT) (5.7–14.9 °C). General processes were performed, including physical, chemical, and morphological characterizations, X-ray diffraction (XRD), total elements’ content, and soil classification of the carbonate rock. In the climo-toposequence, the illite had been transformed into illite-smectite below 1300–1500 m of elevation, 1300–1370 mm of MAP, and above 10.5–11.5 °C of MAT, and into vermiculite above this climate. These findings indicated that the effects of temperature on soil mineral transformation had weakened with the gradual increases in elevation. The pedon at 861 m of elevation, 1206 mm of MAP, and 14.5 °C of MAT, which accounted for the argic horizons, was divided into Argosols after human activities. The finding revealed that changes from forest to cultivated land could potentially accelerate the formation of argic horizons, and it provided a theoretical basis for global carbonate rocks’ weathering conditions and ecological problems in subtropical mountains. When the soils reached approximately 1100–1200 m of elevation, 1250–1300 mm of MAP, and 11.5–13.5 °C of MAT, the argic horizons of the soil could be accounted for, as evolved from the Cambosols in Chinese Soil Taxonomy (CST) (Inceptisols in Soil Taxonomy (ST), Cambisols in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB)) to the Argosols in CST (Alfisols in ST, Luvisols or Alisols in WRB) under natural vegetation. Therefore, it was indicated that the soil types changed significantly in the CST, ST, and WRB with increases of MAP and decreases of MAT, which provides a reference for determining the boundaries of the soil types along a climosequence in subtropical mountains.

scholarly journals Soil Classification of Anthropogenic Soils in a Remodeled Area Using Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base for Soil Resources

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Been Lee ◽  
Hyen-Chung Chun ◽  
Hyun-Jun Cho ◽  
Byung-Keun Hyun ◽  
Kwan-Cheol Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Anthropogenic Soils ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base

Depth distribution of SOM stock in fine-textured soils of Hungary

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fuchs ◽  
A. Gál ◽  
E. Michéli
Keyword(s):  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Change Mitigation

The soil cover of the world stores more carbon than that present in biomass and in the atmosphere, so the depth and distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) might be important in point of carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. Texture, among several other factors, plays an important role in the distribution of SOM. Most national and the main international soil classification systems (Soil Taxonomy, World Reference Base for Soil Resources) have a separate unit for high clay content soils on the highest level of classification, as Vertisols. Due to the high swelling clay content, these soils open deep cracks when they are dry. During the process called “pedoturbation”, the high SOM content surface material falls into the cracks, where it accumulates and mixes with subsoil, and enhances the accumulation of SOM in great depth. Although the effect of texture on the stabilization, distribution and properties of SOM have been investigated, only little information is available on SOM distribution in high clay content soils. The objective of the present study was to analyze the vertical distribution of SOM in high clay content soils of Hungary. Our results, based on the investigations of the Hungarian TIM database supported the hypothesis that high clay content soils store significantly more SOM and in greater depth than other soils under similar climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Characterization, classification and suitability evaluation of soils under sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivation at the Sugar Research Farm, University of Ilorin, Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
O.N. Ajala ◽  
T.A. Adjadeh ◽  
J.O. Olaniyan ◽  
T.O. Isimikalu ◽  
E.K. Nartey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Suitability Evaluation ◽  
Reconnaissance Survey ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
The University

A reconnaissance survey conducted at the University of Ilorin Sugar Research Farm (USRF) revealed four dominant soils at Site 1 (USRF1) and one at Site 2 (USRF2). The soils were characterized and classified according to both the Soil Taxonomy (ST) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). Also, the suitability of the soils for sugarcane cultivation was evaluated using the limitation approach. While the USRF1 soils were reddish, the USRF2 soil was greyish due to poor drainage. The USRF1 soils were loamy sand with the AB-horizons of pedons II and III being gravelly. Pedon V had sandy loam surface, sandy clay loam subsurface and clay loam subsoil. The USRF1 soils were moderately acid while the USRF2 soil was slightly acid to slightly alkaline. Exchangeable calcium (Ca2+) content of the USRF2 soil which averaged 4.00 cmolc kg–1 was 2-3 times higher than that of the USRF1 soils. The USRF2 soil also contained higher Mg2+, K+ and Na+, 2-3 folds higher effective cation exchange capacity and > 10 folds higher soil organic carbon (with mean of 11.60 g kg–1) and total nitrogen (mean of 0.94 g kg–1). Under ST, pedons I and IV classified as Typic Haplustepts, II and III as Lithic Haplustepts and V as a Kanhaplic Haplustalf. Under WRB, pedons I and IV classified as Eutric Regosols (arenic), II and III as Endo-pisoplinthic Cambisols (arenic) and V as a Gleyic Lixisol (loamic). Pedon V was highly suitable (85.25%), I and IV moderately suitable (64.53%), II marginally suitable (47.40%) and III unsuitable (35.62%) for sugarcane cultivation.

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