Effect of Zn on the concentration of Cd and Zn in plant tissue of two durum wheat lines

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Choudhary ◽  
L. D. Bailey ◽  
C. A. Grant ◽  
D. Leisle
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Order Root ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
P Fertilizers

Irrespective of fertilizer treatments, durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) Cd concentration was lowest in the grain and highest in the roots and was in the order: root > leaf > stem > grain. Soil-applied Zn decreased the Cd concentrations in durum wheat grain, leaf, stem, and root. But, foliar application of Zn resulted in Zn loading of the leaf and stem and had little effect on plant Cd concentration. Application of P and N plus P fertilizer increased tissue Cd concentration and decreased stem and leaf Zn concentration to near insufficiency, while application of Zn to soil with N plus P fertilizers increased tissue Zn concentration to sufficiency level and decreased plant Cd concentration of the two durum wheat lines. Key words: Cd, durum wheat, Zn, dry matter, plant tissue

scholarly journals Effect of Leaf Rust on Grain Yield and Yield Traits of Durum Wheats with Race-Specific and Slow-Rusting Resistance to Leaf Rust

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1065-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Herrera-Foessel ◽  
R. P. Singh ◽  
J. Huerta-Espino ◽  
J. Crossa ◽  
J. Yuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Wheat Lines

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is an important disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) in many countries. We compared the effectiveness of different types of resistance in International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center-derived durum wheat germ plasm for protecting grain yield and yield traits. In all, 10 durum wheat lines with race-specific resistance, 18 with slow-rusting resistance, and 2 susceptible were included in two yield loss trials sown on different planting dates in Mexico with and without fungicide protection under high disease pressure. Eight genotypes with race-specific resistance were immune to leaf rust. Durum wheat lines with slow-rusting resistance displayed a range of severity responses indicating phenotypic diversity. Mean yield losses for susceptible, race-specific, and slow-rusting genotypes were 51, 5, and 26%, respectively, in the normal sowing date trial and 71, 11, and 44% when sown late. Yield losses were associated mainly with a reduction in biomass, harvest index, and kernels per square meter. Slow-rusting durum wheat lines with low disease levels and low yield losses, as well as genotypes with low yield losses despite moderate disease levels, were identified. Such genotypes can be used for breeding durum wheat genotypes with higher levels of resistance and negligible yield losses by using strategies that previously have been shown to be successful in bread wheat.

scholarly journals Effect of micronutrient foliar application on morphology, yield and iron and zinc grain concentration of durum wheat genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-238
Author(s):  
Manochehr Shiri ◽  
Asghar Mehraban ◽  
Ahmad Tobe
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Four Levels

Durum wheat has a comparative adaptive advantage over bread wheat under hot and dry conditions. Accordingly, it feeds millions of people in the Middle East and North Africa. Under these conditions, the deficiency of nutrients, including micronutrients, is a major concern for many reasons, including calcareous soil under drought stress conditions. Therefore, growth, yield, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentration in durum wheat cultivar grains were investigated. A factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in the Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI) - Moghan. The first factor comprised spraying at four levels, including the control and foliar spraying with Fe, Zn, and Fe+Zn and the second factor consisted of genotypes at four levels: Dehdasht (G1), Seymareh (G2), and two new genotypes (G3 and G4). Solutions of Fe and Zn fertilizers were sprayed at the tillering, early ear emergence, and milk stages, with a ratio of 2 and 1.5 g fertilizer/1000 ml solution (W/V), respectively. The results showed that genotypes G1, G3 and G4 produced higher grain yield per square meter than G2. This increase was due to the higher weight of 1000 grains in G3 and G4 genotypes and 1000-grain weight with a higher grain number in G1. G1 and G2 had greater spike length, number of grains per spike and spikelet than G3 and G4 genotypes. In all studied traits, except Fe and Zn concentration, the combination of Fe+Zn showed the highest and control had the lowest performance. Also, the application of Zn was superior to Fe. The highest Fe concentration of G1, G2, G3, and G4 was observed at Fe+Zn, control, Zn, and Fe levels, respectively. The highest Zn concentrations were observed in the G3 genotype when only Zn was used or in combination with Fe. According to the results, the Fe and Zn spray application increased durum wheat yield on Fe and Zn deficient soil.

scholarly journals Effect of P and Zn fertilization on biomass yield and its uptake by maize lines (Zea mays L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bukvić ◽  
M. Antunović ◽  
S. Popović ◽  
M. Rastija
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilisation

Three maize inbred lines (Os86-39, Os89-35 and Os87-24) were grown in pots with Eutric Cambisol using 9 fertilisation variants (control 10 kg/ha Zn – on soil surface; 5 kg/ha – foliar application; 61 kg/ha P; 61 kg/ha P and 10 kg/ha Zn – on soil surface; 61 kg/ha P and 5 kg/ha Zn – foliar application; 183 kg/ha P; 183 kg/ha P and 10 kg/ha Zn – on soil surface; 183 kg/ha P and 5 kg/ha Zn – foliar application). The effects of phosphorus and zinc fertilisation on the dry matter yield, plant height, stalk diameter as well as phosphorus and zinc concentrations in ear-leaves were investigated. Significant differences were found between the lines in all parameters investigated except for phosphorus concentration. Line Os87-24 was characterised by the best results in the total biomass production. Zinc fertilisation decreased while phosphorus fertilisation increased total plant dry matter mass. Phosphorus fertilisation increased its concentration in the ear-leaves. Zinc fertilisation, especially foliar, resulted in Zn concentration increase in the ear-leaf of the lines investigated.

Impact of different ratios and levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of rainfed soybean

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyabrata Mangaraj ◽  
L. H. Malligawad ◽  
R.K. Paikaray ◽  
S. R. Pradhan ◽  
T. R. Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potassium Level ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
100 Seed Weight

A field experiment was carried out during kharif 2015 with thirteen ratios of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P2O5) fertilizers with constant potassium level (25 kg K2O ha-1) on soybean cultivar DSb 21. The treatment receiving N/P fertilizer ratio of 0.70 (basal application of 18 kg N, 46 kg P2O5, 25 kg K2O ha-1 + foliar application of nitrogen @ 7 kg N ha-1 at initiation of flowering and foliar application of nitrogen @ 7 kg N ha-1 at 15 days after first foliar spray) recorded significantly higher seed yield (3217 kg ha-1), haulm yield (3788 kg ha-1), number of filled pods plant-1 (44.73), total number of pods plant-1 (47.57) and 100 seed weight (15.40 g) This treatment also recorded significantly higher total dry matter production (34.15 g) that higher gross monetary returns, net monetary returns and B : C ratio (Rs. 1,12,595, Rs. 89,770 ha-1 and 4.93, respectively).

Variance in response of pole-size trees and seedlings of Douglas-fir and western hemlock to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1431-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Radwan ◽  
J. S. Shumway ◽  
D. S. DeBell ◽  
J. M. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
P Fertilizers

Three experiments were conducted to determine effects of N and P fertilizers on growth and levels of plant-tissue nutrients of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.). Both pole-size trees in closed-canopy stands and potted seedlings were used. Soil series were Bunker for Douglas-fir and Klone for western hemlock in experiments 1 and 3, and Vesta in experiment 2. For each species in experiments 1 and 2, P and N fertilizers were tested in six or eight treatments using factorial design. In experiment 3, N and P fertilizers were individually tested on seedlings, at one rate of application each. Nitrogen fertilizers used were urea in experiment 1 and ammonium nitrate in the other two experiments; P was applied as triple superphosphate in all three experiments. In general, fertilization changed levels of some plant-tissue nutrients of the pole-size trees and potted seedlings. Neither height nor basal-area growth of the trees was significantly affected by any of the fertilization treatments in the first two experiments. Seedling growth of both Douglas-fir and western hemlock was dramatically improved by the P fertilizer, but was negatively affected by the N fertilizer. Results clearly show differences between pole-size trees and seedlings in response to N and P fertilizers. They also suggest that N not be applied where soils are high in N and low in P and that P applications be confined to sites with low-P soils, when trees are young, before canopy closure.

scholarly journals Development and Identification of Four New Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat Lines with Solid Stems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyu Liang ◽  
Minghu Zhang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Zhenjiao Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid ◽  
Wheat Lines

Abstract Stem solidness is an important agronomic trait for increasing the ability of wheat to resist lodging. In this study, four new synthetic hexaploid wheat with solid stems were developed from natural chromosome doubling of F1 hybrids between a solid-stemmed durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum, 2n = 4x = 28, AABB) and four Aegilops tauschii (2n = 2x = 14, DD) accessions. The solid expression of the second internode at the base of the stem was stable for two synthetic hexalpoid wheat Syn-SAU-117 and Syn-SAU-119 grown in both the greenhouse and field. The lodging resistance of four synthetic solid-stem wheats is stronger than that of CS, and Syn-SAU-116 has the strongest lodging resistance, followed by Syn-SAU-119. The paraffin sections of the second internode showed that four synthetic wheat lines had large outer diameters, well-developed mechanical tissues, large number of vascular bundles, and similar anatomical characteristics with solid-stemmed durum wheat. The chromosomal composition of four synthetic hexaploid wheat was identified by FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) using Oligo-pSc119.2-1 and Oligo-pTa535-1. At adult stage, all four synthetic hexaploid wheat showed high resistance to mixed physiological races of stripe rust pathogen (CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, CYR34). These synthetic hexaploid wheat lines provide new materials for the improvement of common wheat.

Nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc management effects on grain yield and cadmium concentration in two cultivars of durum wheat

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Grant ◽  
L. D. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Cadmium concentration in durum (Triticum turgidum) grain may be influenced by fertilizer management. A 3-yr field study conducted on two Orthic Black Chernozemic soils investigated the effects of banded and broadcast applications of N and P, and applications of Zn fertilizer on the yield and Cd concentration of the grain of two cultivars of durum wheat. Applications of N and P fertilizer increased grain yield of durum wheat when soil nutrient supply was low or yield potential was high, while Zn application generally had little effect on grain yield. Cadmium concentration of durum increased with applications of N and P and was generally unaffected by Zn application. Method of application of N or P did not consistently influence either grain yield or Cd concentration of the grain under the conditions of this study. Where differences due to placement occurred, banded P produced higher grain yield and Cd concentration than application of the same level of P as a broadcast treatment. Cadmium accumulation increased substantially with N and P applications, since both Cd concentration in the grain and grain yield increased with N and P application. Year-to-year variation in Cd concentration in the grain was large, indicating a strong effect of environment on Cd phytoavailability. Key words: Management, banding, nutrient, accumulation

scholarly journals Production of synthetic wheat lines to exploit the genetic diversity of emmer wheat and D genome containing Aegilops species in wheat breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghader Mirzaghaderi ◽  
Zinat Abdolmalaki ◽  
Rahman Ebrahimzadegan ◽  
Farshid Bahmani ◽  
Fatemeh Orooji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Synthetic Wheat ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid ◽  
Wheat Lines

AbstractDue to the accumulation of various useful traits over evolutionary time, emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum and dicoccoides, 2n = 4x = 28; AABB), durum wheat (T. turgidum subsp. durum, 2n = 4x = 28; AABB), T. timopheevii (2n = 4x = 28; AAGG) and D genome containing Aegilops species offer excellent sources of novel variation for the improvement of bread wheat (T. aestivum L., AABBDD). Here, we made 192 different cross combinations between diverse genotypes of wheat and Aegilops species including emmer wheat × Ae. tauschii (2n = DD or DDDD), durum wheat × Ae. tauschii, T. timopheevii × Ae. tauschii, Ae. crassa × durum wheat, Ae. cylindrica × durum wheat and Ae. ventricosa × durum wheat in the field over three successive years. We successfully recovered 56 different synthetic hexaploid and octaploid F2 lines with AABBDD, AABBDDDD, AAGGDD, D1D1XcrXcrAABB, DcDcCcCcAABB and DvDvNvNvAABB genomes via in vitro rescue of F1 embryos and spontaneous production of F2 seeds on the Fl plants. Cytogenetic analysis of F2 lines showed that the produced synthetic wheat lines were generally promising stable amphiploids. Contribution of D genome bearing Aegilops and the less-investigated emmer wheat genotypes as parents in the crosses resulted in synthetic amphiploids which are a valuable resource for bread wheat breeding.

scholarly journals Cadmium absorption and retention by rats fed durum wheat (Triticum turgidumL. var.durum) grain

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. House ◽  
J. J. Hart ◽  
W. A. Norvell ◽  
R. M. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Cadmium Absorption

A whole-body radioassay procedure was used to assess the retention and apparent absorption by rats of Cd in kernels of durum wheat (Triticum turgidumL. var.durum) harvested from plants grown hydroponically in109Cd-labelled nutrient solution. Wholegrain wheat, containing 5 μmol Cd (570 μg)/kg dry weight labelled intrinsically with109Cd, was incorporated into test meals fed to rats that had been maintained on diets containing marginally adequate, adequate or surplus levels of Zn (0·12 mmol (8 mg), 0·43 mmol (28 mg) or 1·55 mmol (101 mg) Zn/kg respectively), and either 0 or 50 g durum wheat/kg. Regardless of diet, all rats consumed about 99 % of the test meal offered. In rats fed diets without wheat, initial Cd absorption averaged 7·7, 4·6 and 2·4 % of the dose when the diet contained 0·12 mmol (8 mg), 0·43 mmol (28 mg) or 1·55 mmol (101 mg) Zn/kg diet respectively. In rats fed wheat-containing diets, initial Cd absorption averaged 3·8 and 2·6 % of the dose when dietary Zn concentration was 0·12 mmol (8 mg) and 0·43 mmol (28 mg)/kg diet respectively. The amount of Cd retained in the body at 15 d postprandial was <2 % of the dose in all rats, and decreased as Zn in the diet increased. Even at 15 d postprandial, 32 to 44 % of the Cd retained in the body was still in the gastrointestinal tract. The results show that: (1) the bioavailability to rats of Cd in wholegrain durum wheat was depressed when wholegrain wheat was part of the regular diet; (2) increased intake of dietary Zn lowered Cd absorption and retention; (3) retention of Cd in the body at 15 d postprandial from diets containing adequate Zn was <1·3 %.

scholarly journals Development of a new wheat microarray from a durum wheat totipotent cDNA library used for a powdery mildew resistance study

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Cifarelli ◽  
Olimpia D’Onofrio ◽  
Rosalba Grillo ◽  
Teresa Mango ◽  
Francesco Cellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Cdna Library ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Six Genes

AbstractTotipotent cDNA libraries representative of all the potentially expressed sequences in a genome would be of great benefit to gene expression studies. Here, we report on an innovative method for creating such a library for durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) and its application for gene discovery. The use of suitable quantities of 5-azacytidine during the germination phase induced the demethylation of total DNA, and the resulting seedlings potentially express all of the genes present in the genome. A new wheat microarray consisting of 4925 unigenes was developed from the totipotent cDNA library and used to screen for genes that may contribute to differences in the disease resistance of two near-isogenic lines, the durum wheat cultivar Latino and the line 5BIL-42, which are respectively susceptible and resistant to powdery mildew. Fluorescently labeled cDNA was prepared from the RNA of seedlings of the two near-isogenic wheat lines after infection with a single powdery mildew isolate under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Hybridization to the microarray identified six genes that were differently expressed in the two lines. Four of the sequences could be assigned putative functions based on their similarity to known genes in public databases. Physical mapping of the six genes localized them to two regions of the genome: the centromeric region of chromosome 5B, where the Pm36 resistance gene was previously localized, and chromosome 6B.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document