Combining ability for breadmaking quality in wheat

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Perenzin ◽  
N. E. Pogna ◽  
B. Borghi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Breadmaking Quality ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Dough Extensibility

Combining ability and heterotic patterns for grain yield, kernel weight, and seven traits related to breadmaking quality were determined in 45 F1 hybrid wheats and 18 parents grown in two environments in Italy. Significant, positive general combining ability (GCA) effects were observed for yield (cultivars Pandas and SK 7), protein content (Salmone) and for the alveograph parameters of dough strength W (Pandas, Saliente and Salmone), tenacity P (Irnerio, Kosutka and Saliente) and extensibility L (Pandas, Salgemma and Salmone). Although best-parent heterotic responses for yield were generally low (5–10%), they were evident at all levels of yield potential. Hybrid wheats tended to have high protein content, enhanced dough extensibility and weak gluten compared with the parents. However, a few hybrid combinations from crosses between high-yielding cultivars and good-quality cultivars had both good yield levels (> 7 t ha−1) and acceptable breadmaking properties (W > 250, P/L < 1). Significant positive correlations were found between protein content and dough extensibility, and between the SDS sedimentation volume and dough tenacity. The lack of correlation between yield and protein content in hybrid wheat could result from the high total biomass in hybrid genotypes.Key words: Breadmaking, combining ability, heterosis, protein content, Wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

EFFECTS OF HIGH RATES OF NITROGEN ON NEEPAWA WHEAT GROWN UNDER IRRIGATION. III. PROTEIN QUALITY FOR BREADMAKING AS REFLECTED BY VARIOUS TESTS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. BUSHUK ◽  
F. J. RODRIGUEZ-BORES ◽  
S. DUBETZ
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Breadmaking Quality

Eleven samples of hard red spring wheat Triticum aestivum L. em Thell cv. Neepawa, selected from a fertilizer–irrigation study and ranging in protein content from 9.3 to 16.4%, were subjected to various breadmaking quality tests, protein solubility fractionation, amino acid composition analysis and gliadin electrophoresis analysis. Loaf volumes showed a decrease in breadmaking quality with increasing protein for samples at the top of the protein content range. Conversely, the Pelshenke and Zeleny Sedimentation values showed a reverse trend in the same region of protein content. Most of the decreasing rate of change in the loaf volume with protein content at the top of the protein range can be explained by the gradual change in solubility of the glutenin. The gradual decrease in the amount of damaged starch can make a small contribution to the observed loss of quality. Minor quantitative differences (slightly stronger stain intensity for a few bands) were observed in the gliadin electrophoregrams of samples of different protein content. There is no obvious explanation for the increasing rate of change in Pelshenke and Zeleny Sedimentation values with protein content at the top of the protein range.

SELECTION FOR YIELD, KERNEL WEIGHT AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN EARLY GENERATIONS OF SIX WHEAT CROSSES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GEBRE-MARIAM ◽  
E. N. LARTER ◽  
L. E. EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Relative Potential

Early generation data consisting of F1 heterosis, F1, F2 and F3 mean performances, parent-offspring regression, and F2–F3 intergeneration correlation were used to identify potentially promising spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) crosses in terms of yield, kernel weight and protein content. The F1 test identified one high-yielding cross out of six showing significant level of higher parent (38%) and mid-parent (70%) heterosis for yield, respectively. The top yielding cross, viz. Glenlea × NB505, in F1 was also the second highest yielding population in F2 and the best yielder in F3 based on two locations. Hence, although F2 single plant productivity measurements misplaced the rankings of some of the crosses, F1 and F3 performances indicated the relative potential of the different populations. Most crosses showed nonsignificant F2–F3 regression and correlation coefficients for yield but significant coefficients for kernel weight. For protein content highly significant F2–F3 regression and correlation coefficients were observed only for crosses involving the high protein parent. The use in F1 of weight-free selection indices involving yield, kernel weight and protein content ranked Glenlea × NB505 as the best of six populations whereas in F3 the same cross had the best aggregate merit when only yield and kernel weight were considered in the index. The inclusion of protein content in the index favored a high protein cross, Sinton × Glenlea.Key words: Wheat, Triticum aestivum, heterosis, parent-offspring regression, intergeneration correlation, selection index

COMBINING ABILITY FOR YIELD OF SYNTHETIC HEXAPLOID WHEATS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BAKER ◽  
P. L. DYCK
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid Wheats ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploid

Four hexaploid spring wheats (Triticum aestivum L.), which differ only in their D genomes, were crossed in all combinations. Heterosis was expressed in F1 and F2 for number of spikes, kernel weight, and seed yield. Failure to detect significant specific combining ability among F1 progeny suggests that only additive genetic variance is involved in the inheritance of these traits. Competition between single-spaced plants was detected.

scholarly journals Combining Protein Content and Grain Yield by Genetic Dissection in Bread Wheat under Low-Input Management

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Junjie Ma ◽  
Yonggui Xiao ◽  
Lingling Hou ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Conventional Management

The simultaneous improvement of protein content (PC) and grain yield (GY) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under low-input management enables the development of resource-use efficient varieties that combine high grain yield potential with desirable end-use quality. However, the complex mechanisms of genotype, management, and growing season, and the negative correlation between PC and GY complicate the simultaneous improvement of PC and GY under low-input management. To identify favorable genotypes for PC and GY under low-input management, this study used 209 wheat varieties, including strong gluten, medium-strong gluten, medium gluten, weak gluten, winter, semi-winter, weak-spring, and spring types, which has been promoted from the 1980s to the 2010s. Allelic genotyping, performed using kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) technology, found 69 types of GY-PC allelic combinations in the tested materials. Field trials were conducted with two growing season treatments (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) and two management treatments (conventional management and low-input management). Multi-environment analysis of variance showed that genotype, management, and growing season had extremely substantial effects on wheat GY and PC, respectively, and the interaction of management × growing season also had extremely significant effects on wheat GY. According to the three-sigma rule of the normal distribution, the GY of wheat varieties Liangxing 66 and Xinmai 18 were stable among the top 15.87% of all tested materials with high GY, and their PC reached mean levels under low-input management, but also stably expressed high GY and high PC under conventional management, which represents a great development potential. These varieties can be used as cultivars of interest for breeding because TaSus1-7A, TaSus1-7B, TaGW2-6A, and TaGW2-6B, which are related to GY, and Glu-B3, which is related to PC, carry favorable alleles, among which Hap-1/2, the allele of TaSus1-7A, and Glu-B3b/d/g/i, the allele of Glu-B3, can be stably expressed. Our results may be used to facilitate the development of high-yielding and high-quality wheat varieties under low-input management, which is critical for sustainable food and nutrition security.

Heterotic performance and combining ability in a diallel cross among spring wheats (Triticum aestivum L.)

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Hybrid Performance ◽  
Wheat Kernel ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
F1 Generation

Levels of hybrid vigour for earliness, plant height, four components of yield, and yield were examined in the F1 generation of a diallel cross of eight cultivars of spring wheat. Kernel weight and kernels per spike exhibited high levels of heterosis effects. The analysis for general combining ability indicated that a large part of the total genetic variation observed for six out of seven traits was associated with genes which were additive in their effects. The estimates for specific combining ability were highly significant for five out of seven traits. These estimates were lower than those of general combining ability for six out of seven traits. The combining ability analysis helped in classifying the parents in terms of their hybrid performance and in gaining greater understanding of the nature of quantitatively inherited traits. The importance of genetic diversity in relation to heterosis was also assessed.

PERFORMANCE OF CROSSES BETWEEN STANDARD-HEIGHT AND SEMIDWARF SPRING WHEATS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. McNEAL ◽  
E. P. SMITH ◽  
M. A. BERG ◽  
D. E. BALDRIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Average Performance

Three semidwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were each crossed to three standard-height cultivars, and bulk F2 and F3 generations of each cross were compared with parents in the field at two locations. Yield component and grain yield data of parents vs. bulks were evaluated to determine whether a relationship existed between bulk and parent populations. Yield component data did not consistently relate to grain yield in either bulks or parents. However, correlation coefficients of 0.89 and 0.81 suggested a strong yield relationship between standard-height parents vs. their bulks and semidwarf parents vs. their bulks, respectively. We conclude that the average performance of the parents generally predicted the average performance of the F2 and F3 bulks for culm number, kernel weight, and grain yield. Heterosis was indicated for spikelets per head in crosses with P.I. 295619. There were no differences between semidwarf and standard-height cultivars in ability to impart yield component and grain yield potential to their offspring.

scholarly journals Effects of Management Practices on Quinoa Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Fengxin Wang ◽  
Clinton C. Shock ◽  
Chaobiao Meng ◽  
Lifang Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) yield potential needs to be further achieved by good management practices to meet the increasing global demand. Two years of orthogonal field experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of irrigation onset criteria using soil matric potential (SMP) (−15, −25, and −55 kPa), nitrogen fertilizer rate (80, 160, and 240 kg ha−1), and plant density (20, 30, and 40 plants m−2) on quinoa growth, seed yield, weight, and protein content. Initiating irrigations at an SMP of −15 to −25 kPa achieved significantly (p < 0.05) greater seed yield (37.2 g plant−1), thousand kernel weight (2.25 g), and protein content (21.2%) than −55 kPa (25.2 g plant−1, 2.08 g, and 19.8%, respectively). The 240 kg ha−1 nitrogen rate had significantly (p < 0.05) greater thousand kernel weight (2.26 g) and protein content (21.3%) than 80 (2.07 g and 19.5%, respectively) and 160 kg ha−1 (2.14 g and 20.7%, respectively). The yield under 20 plants m−2 reached 39.5 g plant−1, which was 13.5 g plant−1 higher than 40 plants m−2 (p < 0.05). The quinoa consumed most of the available nitrogen in the soil (410–860 kg ha−1), indicating that quinoa should be part of a sound crop rotation program.

Contrasting effects of chronic heat stress and heat shock on kernel weight and flour quality in wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian F. Wardlaw ◽  
Caron Blumenthal ◽  
Oscar Larroque ◽  
Colin W. Wrigley
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance

Phytotron studies were conducted to compare the potential effects of chronic high-temperatures (daily maxima of over 20˚C) and heat-shock conditions (a few days of over 32˚C), on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality, to form a basis for the selection of improved high-temperature tolerance in wheat. The series of heat-shock treatments were designed to provide similar heat loads, by varying the duration (number of days) of each treatment. Studies involved two cultivars, Lyallpur and Trigo 1. Both showed a reduction in kernel weight in response to chronic high day temperatures (i.e. above 18˚C), with Trigo 1 more tolerant than Lyallpur. Kernel weight of both cultivars was also reduced by short periods of heat shock, and this was most evident at day/night temperatures above 30/25˚C. There was no reduction in the germination of the lighter weight kernels formed under either chronic high temperature or heat-shock conditions. Dough strength, as judged by mixing time, declined in both genotypes with prolonged chronic high temperature, and also following the most extreme of the heat-shock treatments — Trigo 1 showed an ability to resist these changes better than Lyallpur. The heat-related decreases in dough strength were associated with decreases in the proportion of the larger molecular size glutenin (most ‘unextractable’). This change in quality was not however, associated with changes in flour protein content.

scholarly journals Molecular mapping of the grain iron and zinc concentration, protein content and thousand kernel weight in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e0174972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopalareddy Krishnappa ◽  
Anju Mahendru Singh ◽  
Swati Chaudhary ◽  
Arvind Kumar Ahlawat ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Agronomic performance of maize cultivars representing three decades of breeding in the Guinea Savannas of West and Central Africa

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. KAMARA ◽  
A. MENKIR ◽  
M. A. B. FAKOREDE ◽  
S. O. AJALA ◽  
B. BADU-APRAKU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
West And Central Africa

Maize improvement at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), which began in the 1970s, built on the germplasm and experience of earlier years. The main breeding emphasis was to develop maize cultivars and hybrids with high yield potential and durable resistance to diseases and pests with specific adaptation to the different agro-ecological zones of West and Central Africa. Over the years, open-pollinated cultivars have been developed with different levels of resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Identification of the factors that contributed to improvements in the maize cultivars developed during the past decades may be useful to sustain the genetic gain from selection in the future. A study was conducted to quantify genetic gains in yield and associated traits of open pollinated maize cultivars released from 1970 to 1999 in the West African savannas. The genetic gain in grain yield was 0·41% per year and seems to be associated with increases in total biomass and kernel weight, and reductions in plant height and days to flowering (anthesis and silking). There was no significant change in harvest index of the cultivars.

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