PERFORMANCE OF CROSSES BETWEEN STANDARD-HEIGHT AND SEMIDWARF SPRING WHEATS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. McNEAL ◽  
E. P. SMITH ◽  
M. A. BERG ◽  
D. E. BALDRIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Average Performance

Three semidwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were each crossed to three standard-height cultivars, and bulk F2 and F3 generations of each cross were compared with parents in the field at two locations. Yield component and grain yield data of parents vs. bulks were evaluated to determine whether a relationship existed between bulk and parent populations. Yield component data did not consistently relate to grain yield in either bulks or parents. However, correlation coefficients of 0.89 and 0.81 suggested a strong yield relationship between standard-height parents vs. their bulks and semidwarf parents vs. their bulks, respectively. We conclude that the average performance of the parents generally predicted the average performance of the F2 and F3 bulks for culm number, kernel weight, and grain yield. Heterosis was indicated for spikelets per head in crosses with P.I. 295619. There were no differences between semidwarf and standard-height cultivars in ability to impart yield component and grain yield potential to their offspring.

scholarly journals Yield component variation in winter wheat grown under drought stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
D. R. Domitruk ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
High Yield Potential

Crops produced in the semiarid environment of western Canada are subjected to variable and unpredictable periods of drought stress. The objective of this study was to determine the inter-relationships among yield components and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) so that guidelines could be established for the production of cultivars with high yield potential and stability. Five hard red winter wheat genotypes were grown in 15 field trials conducted throughout Saskatchewan from 1989–1991. Although this study included genotypes with widely different yield potential and yield component arrangements, only small differences in grain yield occurred within trials under dryland conditions. High kernel number, through greater tillering, was shown to be an adaptation to low-stress conditions. The ability of winter wheat to produce large numbers of tillers was evident in the spring in all trials; however, this early season potential was not maintained due to extensive tiller die-back. Tiller die-back often meant that high yield potential genotypes became sink limiting with reduced ability to respond to subsequent improvements in growing season weather conditions. As tiller number increased under more favourable crop water conditions genetic limits in kernels spike−1 became more identified with yield potential. It is likely then, that tillering capacity per se is less important in winter wheat than the development of vigorous tillers with numerous large kernels spike−1. For example, the highest yielding genotype under dryland conditions was a breeding line, S86-808, which was able to maintain a greater sink capacity as a result of a higher number of larger kernels spike−1. It appears that without yield component compensation, a cultivar can be unresponsive to improved crop water conditions (stable) or it can have a high mean yield, but it cannot possess both characteristics. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat, drought stress, kernel weight, kernel number, spike density, grain yield

SELECTION FOR YIELD, KERNEL WEIGHT AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN EARLY GENERATIONS OF SIX WHEAT CROSSES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GEBRE-MARIAM ◽  
E. N. LARTER ◽  
L. E. EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Relative Potential

Early generation data consisting of F1 heterosis, F1, F2 and F3 mean performances, parent-offspring regression, and F2–F3 intergeneration correlation were used to identify potentially promising spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) crosses in terms of yield, kernel weight and protein content. The F1 test identified one high-yielding cross out of six showing significant level of higher parent (38%) and mid-parent (70%) heterosis for yield, respectively. The top yielding cross, viz. Glenlea × NB505, in F1 was also the second highest yielding population in F2 and the best yielder in F3 based on two locations. Hence, although F2 single plant productivity measurements misplaced the rankings of some of the crosses, F1 and F3 performances indicated the relative potential of the different populations. Most crosses showed nonsignificant F2–F3 regression and correlation coefficients for yield but significant coefficients for kernel weight. For protein content highly significant F2–F3 regression and correlation coefficients were observed only for crosses involving the high protein parent. The use in F1 of weight-free selection indices involving yield, kernel weight and protein content ranked Glenlea × NB505 as the best of six populations whereas in F3 the same cross had the best aggregate merit when only yield and kernel weight were considered in the index. The inclusion of protein content in the index favored a high protein cross, Sinton × Glenlea.Key words: Wheat, Triticum aestivum, heterosis, parent-offspring regression, intergeneration correlation, selection index

INTERPLANT AND INTRAPLANT COMPETITION EFFECTS ON MAIN STEM YIELD OF THREE DIVERSE-TILLERING SPRING WHEATS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. HUCL ◽  
R. J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Interplant Competition

Three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (Neepawa, Siete Cerros and M1417) were subjected to four levels of tiller removal (MS remaining, MS + T1 remaining, MS + T1 + T2 remaining, control) at three plant densities (two, four and eight plants per 15-cm-diameter pot) in a controlled environment to assess the effects of interplant and intraplant competition on stem dimensions and yield-related traits of genotypes with diverse tillering habits. Both types of competition resulted in reduced kernel weight and main stem grain yield and increased yield per pot. Interplant competition also reduced harvest indices while intraplant competition reduced main stem length and main stem diameter. The oligoculm genotype, M1417, was more sensitive to interplant competition than Siete Cerros and Neepawa. The increased sensitivity of M1417 appears to result from plant mortality combined with the inability to maintain kernel mass under severe interplant competition.Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (spring), tiller removal, grain yield, plant competition.

Stettler hard red spring wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M DePauw ◽  
R E Knox ◽  
F R Clarke ◽  
J M Clarke ◽  
T N McCaig
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Grain Volume Weight ◽  
End Use

Based on 34 replicated trials over 3 yr, Stettler, a doubled haploid hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), expressed significantly higher grain yield than all checks except Superb. Wheat and flour protein concentration were significantly greater than all of the checks except Lillian. It matured significantly later than AC Barrie and Katepwa but earlier than Superb. Stettler was significantly shorter than all of the checks except Superb and was more resistant to lodging than Katepwa and Laura. Stettler had high grain volume weight and intermediate kernel weight relative to the checks, and meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class. Stettler expressed resistance to prevalent races of stem rust, common bunt and loose smut, with moderate susceptibility to prevalent races of leaf rust and fusarium head blight.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, grain yield, protein, disease resistance, doubled haploid

Response of eight Canadian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to copper: Copper content in the leaves and grain

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Owuoche ◽  
K. G. Briggs ◽  
G. J. Taylor ◽  
D. C. Penney
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Unlimited Growth ◽  
Young Leaves

Concentrations of copper (Cu) in the youngest fully emerged leaves (YFEL) and grain of eight widely grown Canadian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Biggar, Columbus, Conway, Katepwa, Laura, Oslo, Park and Roblin, were determined. Leaves were sampled at five growth stages from field plots grown in 1990 and 1991 on Cu-deficient soil or soil treated with 12.2 kg Cu ha−1 as Cu sulphate. Symptoms of Cu deficiency, mainly rolling and wilting of young leaves and twisting and terminal dieback, were noted on Katepwa, Park and Roblin at Zadok growth stage 24. Significant (P ≤ 0.01) effects on Cu concentration in the YFEL were found due to cultivar, copper treatment, year and growth stage. The Cu concentrations in Katepwa, Park and Roblin not treated with Cu ranged between 4.6 and 5.7 μg g−1 in 1990 and between 2.8 and 3.5 μg g−1 in 1991 at Zadok growth stage 22. Cultivars Biggar, Columbus, Conway, Laura and Oslo did not show symptoms of Cu deficiency and had Cu concentrations in the range of 4.6–5.4 μg g−1 in 1990 and 2.3–3.1 μg g−1 in 1991. Deficiency symptoms were observed on Katepwa and Park supplied with Cu, although concentrations of Cu in the YFEL were relatively high. Grains sampled from the tillers generally had lower Cu concentrations than those from main stems, but the magnitude of this difference varied with the year. Significant correlations were found between Cu concentrations in the YFEL and grain yield (r = 0.90* in 1990 and 0.89* in 1991) and with floret fertility (r = 0.74* in 1990 and 0.94** in 1991). These large and significant correlations confirm the important role of Cu nutritional status in influencing floret fertility and grain yield. Critical levels of Cu in the leaves needed for unlimited growth could not be defined because of year-to-year variability. In this study, Cu concentration in the YFEL was not a useful indicator of potential Cu use efficiency in different wheat cultivars. However, for individual plants under Cu-deficiency stress, Cu concentration in the YFEL was a good indicator of the grain yield potential of different cultivars. Key words:Triticum aestivum, copper, youngest fully emerged leaves, tissue analysis

Detection of two major grain yield QTL in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under heat, drought and high yield potential environments

2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (7) ◽  
pp. 1473-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dion Bennett ◽  
Matthew Reynolds ◽  
Daniel Mullan ◽  
Ali Izanloo ◽  
Haydn Kuchel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Yield Potential

scholarly journals Leaf Anatomical Characteristics in Relation to Grain Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Adhikary ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
SA Haider ◽  
NK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Radial Dimension ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Leaf Anatomical Characteristics

An experiment was carried out to study the variability of leaf anatomical characters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and their association with grain yields. Results indicated that in most of the cases cultivar differences were significant. In respect of 6th leaf anatomical characters, simple correlation coefficients indicated that most of the leaf anatomical traits had significant negative relation with grain yield whereas in respect of flag leaf anatomical traits, only the association between radial dimension of big xylem vessel and grain yield was significantly negative and the correlation between number of veins and grain yield was significantly positive. Key words: Leaf anatomy, wheat, yield, correlation   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2156   J. bio-sci. 15: 153-158, 2007

Wheat seeding rate for spread and distinct row seed placement with air seeders

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian M. Johnston ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Placement

Air (pneumatic) seeding systems that have seed row opener options that spread seed rather than place it in distinct rows may allow producers to uniformly distribute plants and increase seeding rates to improve cereal crop yield. A study was conducted to determine if seed placement configuration influenced hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) response to seeding rate. The study was carried out at Melfort, SK, from 1997 to 1999, using three seed configurations (23 cm and 30 cm distinct row with a hoe opener; and a 20 cm spread using a 28 cm sweep on 23 cm row spacing) and four seeding rates (67, 100, 134, and 167 kg ha–1). Grain yield increased 6% when seeding rate was increased from 100 (recommended rate) to 168 kg ha–1 in 1997. Improved grain yield with increased seeding rates was related to greater kernels head–1. In the 2 following years, yield decreased by 9% when seeding rate was increased from 100 to 168 kg ha–1. Yield reductions in these years were associated with high yield potential (high soil N availability) and lodging, that in turn resulted in decreased kernels head–1 and kernel weight with increased seeding rates. Grain yield did not differ between the sweep and distinct rows, regardless of the seeding rate. Furthermore, the similar yields among the three seed configurations occurred despite lodging being less with sweeps compared with 23 or 30 cm row spacing at the highest seeding rate in 1998. The increased distance between wheat plants with sweeps did not improve grain yields as a result of reduced inter-plant competition, regardless of seeding rate. This absence of grain yield differences between the sweep and distinct row placement illustrates the yield stability associated with Canadian hard red spring wheat cultivars through yield component compensation. Key words: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), row spacing, seeding rate, lodging, seed placement

scholarly journals Variability of optimum sowing time for wheat yield in Western Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 958 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Sharma ◽  
M. F. D'Antuono ◽  
W. K. Anderson ◽  
B. J. Shackley ◽  
C. M. Zaicou-Kunesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Sowing Time

Sowing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the right time is one of the most important means of maximising grain yield in dryland agriculture. Objectives of this study were to understand the variation in estimates of optimum sowing time as influenced by cultivar and environmental characteristics, and to assess the relative importance of location, season, sowing time, and cultivar factors in maximising grain yield in Western Australia. Twenty-seven cultivar × time of sowing experiments were conducted over three seasons (2003–05) at a range of locations (annual rainfall 300–450 mm, lat. 28–35°S). There were four types of cultivar × sowing time responses, namely, quadratic, linear declining, flat, and linear increasing, associated with opening rains before mid-May, opening rains after mid-May, low-yielding sites, and good spring rains, respectively. Regression-tree analysis revealed that differences among cultivars in Tmax (sowing time when maximum grain yield was achieved) were much less in the eastern sites (mostly drier seasons). A biplot differentiated cultivars for Tmax across the range of environments used, while the subset regression analysis specifically indicated an association of average temperature and growing-season rainfall with variation for Tmax of individual cultivars. The yield penalty for sowing before the optimum time in quadratic-type responses was clearly greater for shorter season cultivars but no clear relationship was apparent between maturity class of cultivars and the penalty for late sowing, possibly due to differential plasticity of cultivars for grain weight under harsh finishing conditions. The duration of the optimum sowing window at a given location was inversely proportional to the yield potential, implying that it is critical to sow at or close to the optimum time when the yield potential is high, most common when the season breaks early. Yield component analysis showed that the relative change in grain yield over sowing dates was significantly correlated with relative changes in grain numbers/m2 in the late May sowings but other yield components were also important in the early May experiments. Sowing time accounted for 10% of grain yield variation compared with cultivar (1%), while the rest was due to uncontrollable factors of location and season.

Effect of Split Application of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Ainuddin Amani ◽  
Mohammad Aalim Behzad
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Studies pertaining to effect of split application of nitrogen on growth and yield of wheat was carried out at Agricultural Research Farm of Kunduz University during 2018-19 using RCBD with three replications. Nitrogen by Urea was applied; 50% N as basal + 50% N at tillering, 50% N as basal + 50% N at flowering, 50% N as basal + 25% N at tillering + 25% N at flowering, 33% N as basal + 66% N at tillering, 33% N as basal + 66% N at flowering, 33% N at basal + 33% N at tillaring +33% N at flowering. The results showed that split application of nitrogen in 2 split (33% N as basal + 66% N at tillering) increases the all growth parameters [height of plant (105.25 cm), number of tillers (6.16 tiller plant-1), spicks (5.63 spick plant-1) and spikelet per spick (16.66 spikelet spick-1), the yield and yield component; 1000 grain weight (34.60 g), grain yield (5208.22 kg ha-1) and straw yield (8853.98 kg ha-1) increases with 33% N as basal + 33% N at tillering + 33% N at flowering.

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