Contrasting effects of chronic heat stress and heat shock on kernel weight and flour quality in wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian F. Wardlaw ◽  
Caron Blumenthal ◽  
Oscar Larroque ◽  
Colin W. Wrigley
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance

Phytotron studies were conducted to compare the potential effects of chronic high-temperatures (daily maxima of over 20˚C) and heat-shock conditions (a few days of over 32˚C), on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality, to form a basis for the selection of improved high-temperature tolerance in wheat. The series of heat-shock treatments were designed to provide similar heat loads, by varying the duration (number of days) of each treatment. Studies involved two cultivars, Lyallpur and Trigo 1. Both showed a reduction in kernel weight in response to chronic high day temperatures (i.e. above 18˚C), with Trigo 1 more tolerant than Lyallpur. Kernel weight of both cultivars was also reduced by short periods of heat shock, and this was most evident at day/night temperatures above 30/25˚C. There was no reduction in the germination of the lighter weight kernels formed under either chronic high temperature or heat-shock conditions. Dough strength, as judged by mixing time, declined in both genotypes with prolonged chronic high temperature, and also following the most extreme of the heat-shock treatments — Trigo 1 showed an ability to resist these changes better than Lyallpur. The heat-related decreases in dough strength were associated with decreases in the proportion of the larger molecular size glutenin (most ‘unextractable’). This change in quality was not however, associated with changes in flour protein content.

The Effect of High Temperature on Kernel Development in Wheat: Variability Related to Pre-Heading and Post-Anthesis Conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Kernel Development ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Australian Wheat

In wheat, mean temperatures greater than 15-18�C following anthesis can result in a decrease in kernel weight at maturity, and breeding for high temperature tolerance during kernel filling could provide a significant increase in yield in large parts of the Australian wheat belt. The response of kernel filling to high temperature, however, varies from planting to planting and this variation has been shown to be related to both pre-heading and post-anthesis conditions. Thus high temperature (27/22�C), or low light (50% shade) during ear development can reduce the response of the developing grain to high temperature (30/25�C) following anthesis. In contrast, low light during kernel filling enhances the response to high temperature, resulting in a relatively greater reduction in kernel size. The latter response suggests that the slightly greater sensitivity to high temperature of grains from plants allowed to tiller freely in comparison with the responses observed using single culms, may be related to differences in light penetration of the canopy. This variation in response to high temperature, although not appearing to change the order of tolerance across cultivars, can create difficulties in selecting for high temperature tolerance over a number of generations, and can account for the apparent low heritability (h2 = 0.2) of high temperature tolerance determined here from a cross between the cultivars Kalyansona and Pinnacle.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanism underlying Pyropia haitanensis PhHsp22-mediated increase in the high-temperature tolerance of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chang ◽  
Jianzhi Shi ◽  
Jianzhang Lin ◽  
Dehua Ji ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Small Heat Shock Protein ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Pyropia Haitanensis ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance

AbstractGlobal warming is one of the key limiting factors affecting the cultivation of Pyropia haitanensis which is an economically important macroalgae species grown in southern China. However, the mechanism underlying the high-temperature tolerance of P. haitanensis remains largely unknown. In a previous study, we showed that the expression of the small heat shock protein 22 gene (Hsp22) is upregulated in P. haitanensis in response to high-temperature stress, but the associated regulatory mechanism was not fully elucidated. In this study, a transgenic Chlamydomonas reinhardtii expression system was used to functionally characterize P. haitanensis Hsp22. Our analyses indicated that the C-terminal of PhHsp22 is highly conserved and contains an A-crystal structure domain. A phylogenetic analysis revealed PhHsp22 is not closely related to small heat shock protein genes in other species. Additionally, PhHsp22 expression significantly increased at 3 and 6 h after initiating 33 °C treatment, which improved the survival rate of transgenic C. reinhardtii during the early stage of high-temperature treatment. The further transcriptome analysis revealed that PhHsp22 expression can promote pathways related to energy metabolism, metabolites metabolism, and protein homeostasis in transgenic C. reinhardtii cells exposed to high temperatures. Therefore, PhHsp22 may be crucial for the response of Pyropia species to high-temperature stress. Furthermore, this gene may be useful for breeding new high-temperature algal strains.

scholarly journals Involvement of Ca2+ in Regulation of Physiological Indices and Heat Shock Factor Expression in Four Iris germanica Cultivars under High-temperature Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Mao ◽  
Hongliang Xu ◽  
Caixia Guo ◽  
Jun Tong ◽  
Yanfang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Heat Shock Factor ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Iris Germanica

Although tolerance to high temperature is crucial to the summer survival of Iris germanica cultivars in subtropical areas, few physiological studies have been conducted on this topic previously. To remedy this, this study explored the physiological response and expression of heat shock factor in four I. germanica cultivars with varying levels of thermotolerance. The plants’ respective degrees of high-temperature tolerance were evaluated by measuring the ratio and area of withered leaves under stress. Several physiological responses to high temperatures were investigated, including effects on chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes, proline, and soluble protein content in the leaves of four cultivars. CaCl2 was sprayed on ‘Gold Boy’ and ‘Royal Crusades’ considered being sensitive to high temperatures to study if Ca2+ could improve the tolerance, and LaCl3 was sprayed on ‘Music Box’ and ‘Galamadrid’ with better high-temperature tolerance to test if calcium ion blocker could decrease their tolerance. Heat shock factor genes were partially cloned according to the conserved region sequence, and expression changes to high-temperature stress with CaCl2 or LaCl3 treatments were thoroughly analyzed. Results showed that high temperature is the primary reason for large areas of leaf withering. The ratio and area of withered leaves on ‘Music Box’ and ‘Galamadrid’ were smaller than ‘Gold Boy’ and ‘Royal Crusades’. CaCl2 slowed the degradation of chlorophyll content and increased proline and soluble protein in ‘Gold Boy’ and ‘Royal Crusades’ but had no significant effect on activating peroxidase or superoxide to improve high-temperature tolerance. Genetic expression of heat shock factor in ‘Gold Boy’ and ‘Royal Crusades’ was upregulated by Ca2+ at later stages of leaf damage under high-temperature stress. LaCl3 down-regulated the physiological parameters and expression level of heat shock factor in ‘Music Box’ and ‘Galamadrid’. These results suggest that different I. germanica cultivars have varying high-temperature tolerance and furthermore that Ca2+ regulates their physiological indicators and expression level of heat shock factor under stress.

scholarly journals Sintering Activated Atomic Palladium Catalysts with High-Temperature Tolerance of ∼1,000°C

2020 ◽  
pp. 100287
Author(s):  
Nating Yang ◽  
Yonghui Zhao ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Weikai Xiang ◽  
Yuhan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Palladium Catalysts ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance

scholarly journals Selection of cowpea cultivars for high temperature tolerance: physiological, biochemical and yield aspects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Rafaele Alves Barros ◽  
Miguel Julio Machado Guimarães ◽  
Rodrigo Moura e Silva ◽  
Maydara Thaylla Cavalcanti Rêgo ◽  
Natoniel Franklin de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Selection Of

An unprecedented high-temperature-tolerance 2D laminar MXene membrane for ultrafast hydrogen sieving

2019 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Fan ◽  
Luyang Wei ◽  
Xiuxia Meng ◽  
Weimin Zhang ◽  
Naitao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance

High temperature tolerance and thermal plasticity in emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Sobek ◽  
Arun Rajamohan ◽  
Daniel Dillon ◽  
Robert C. Cumming ◽  
Brent J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Thermal Plasticity ◽  
High Temperature Tolerance

scholarly journals Induksi Mutasi Kalus Embriogenik Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) melalui Iradiasi Sinar Gamma untuk Toleransi Suhu Tinggi

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Budi Setiawan ◽  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
Diny Dinarti
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation

Mutation techniques through gamma ray irradiation is useful to support breeding programs for genetic improvement of wheat. Genetic improvement on tolerance to high temperatures is necessary for development of wheat in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of radiosensitivity to be used as the basis for the induction of mutations by gamma ray irradiation on embryogenic callus to obtain putative mutants with high temperature tolerance. Explants used were embryogenic callus cultured on MS medium containing 30 g L-1 sukrosa, 2 g L-1 gelrite, 2 mg L-1 2.4D and 1 mg L-1 picloram. Culture incubated for 6 weeks with temperature 20±4 oC in the room culture. Five irradiation doses (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy) were used in radiosensitivity testing. A factorial, completely randomized design was applied to the experiment. The first factor was selection temperature with three levels (25, 30 and 35 oC), and the second factor was doses of gamma ray iradiation with three levels (10, 20, and 30 Gy). The result showed that radiosensitivity levels varied among varieties, LD20: 7.79 to 18.96 Gy and LD50: 24.29-33.63 Gy. Selayar variety which has highest sensitivity value compared with Dewata and Nias. Increasing doses of iradiation and temperature decrease survival of embryogenic callus, number of embryos, and percentage of germinated plantlets. Based on in vitro selection using high temperature (25, 30, and 35 oC), the obtained 19 putative mutants were derived from embryos that appear on the surface of embryogenic callus survival after irradiation and high temperature selection.<br />Keywords: in vitro selection, putative mutant, radiosensitivity, somatic embryo

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