scholarly journals Effect of seeding date, rate and depth on winter wheat grown on conventional fallow in S.W. Saskatchewan

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
J. G. McLeod ◽  
F. B. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Seeding Date

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeded on conventional fallow is considered to have a high risk of winterkill in the Brown soil zone of the Canadian Prairies, yet many producers in this area continue to use this approach. Although this system is subject to frequent winterkill, the alternative (seeding into standing stubble) is itself subject to frequent economic loss due to drought stress. A 4-yr study was carried out on a medium-textured, Orthic Brown Chernozem using Norstar winter wheat seeded into bare fallow land. Several seeding dates, depths and rates were tested to determine if alternate management strategies could be used to enhance the chances of overwinter survival thereby improving the incidence of successful production when this crop was grown on conventional fallow. Multiple regression was used to relate grain yields and plant counts (survival over winter) to the number of days before freeze-up when the crop was seeded and the other treatment factors. Results confirmed those reported in southern Alberta. For example, production was very variable and both plant survival and grain yields were mainly influenced by seeding date, with the optimum seeding period being the first 2 wk of September; yields decreased sharply on both sides of this period. However, seeding just prior to freeze-up gave higher yields than seeding 2 or 3 wk prior to freeze-up even though this latest seeded material did not geminate until spring. Depth of seeding influenced plant survival but had little influence on yield. The 5.0-cm depth was recommended as the best for fallow. Seeding rate influenced plant survival and yields more so than depth, but the influence was not large and none of the three treatments prevented severe winterkill when temperatures were extremely low. We recommended that a seeding rate of 60 kg ha−1 be chosen for fallow as is the case for stubble seeded wheat. Grain protein was not influenced by any treatment and was mainly a function of moisture deficit (year). In spite of the variability in production with this system of management, producers may still choose to grow winter wheat on conventional fallow since if winterkilling occurs they have the option of reseeding the area to spring wheat. Key words: Seeding date, seeding rate, seeding depth, yields, grain protein

The yield potential of winter wheat established in a dry seedbed and at different seeding depths

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-892
Author(s):  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
W. E. May ◽  
B. Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Successful Production

The growth habit of winter wheat offers unique benefits in prairie cropping systems. Successful production requires early seeding, usually into a dry seed bed. Seeding date and seeding depth effects were investigated under three very contrasting weather scenarios. Risk in dry years on the Canadian prairies was reduced when winter wheat was seeded shallow (<25 mm) and early (beginning of September). Key words: Triticum aestivum L., fall climatic conditions, establishment, plant stand

Planting dates and seeding rates for soft white winter wheat in eastern Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Andrews ◽  
M. K. Pomeroy ◽  
W. L. Seaman ◽  
G. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Eastern Ontario

A study was made to determine optimum fall planting dates and rates of seeding of soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in three counties in eastern Ontario. This area is considered marginal for winter survival of the crop, although yield potential is high. Plots were sown at Douglas (lat. 45°33′), Ottawa (lat. 45°23′) and Kemptville (lat. 45°00′). Four planting dates were used at Douglas and Ottawa (dates 1 to 4) and five dates at Kemptville. These were: date 1, 27 August; date 2, 10 September; date 3, 24 September; date 4, 8 October; and date 5, 22 October. Split-plot designs were used, with dates as main plots and with rates and cultivars randomized as subplots. Harvest years were between 1983 and 1987. Winter survival was generally reduced below 60% in later plantings, but survival remained high from the date 4 planting in two years at Ottawa. Grain yields were increased by early plantings. Maximum yields at Douglas were obtained from dates 1 and 2; at Ottawa and Kemptville, from dates 1 to 3. A significant advantage of date 2 planting was recorded at Kemptville. Kernel weight and test weight were reduced by late planting dates. Grain yields and winter survival were highly correlated at seven of nine location-years. At Ottawa, there was a significant yield increase from the 160 kg ha−1 seeding rate, compared with 130 kg ha−1, the currently recommended rate. Yield increases from higher seeding rates were greater at later planting dates. Cultivar effects on grain yields were frequently significant, but were less so on winter survival. The cultivar Houser produced the highest yield in five of nine location-years.Key words: Winter survival, wheat (winter), sowing date, sowing rate

The effect of seeding date, seeding rate and N fertilization on winter wheat yield and yield components in eastern Newfoundland

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Spaner ◽  
A. G. Todd ◽  
D. B. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

Livestock farmers in Newfoundland presently import most of their feed grain, and local self-sufficiency in grain production is a desirable long-term goal. The overall objective of this work was to refine our understanding of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in Newfoundland, with the aim of improving present cropping recommendations. We conducted trials near St. John's in 1998 and 1999 to examine the effect of seeding rate and topdress ammonium nitrate (N) fertilization rate on Borden winter wheat yield and yield components. We also conducted four seeding date trials in the same region. Optimum-treatment grain yields in our six trials ranged from 2.76 to 5.39 t ha−1. In years of variable winter kill, increasing seeding rate up to 450 seeds m−2 increased spikes m−2 at harvest, resulting in increased grain yield. Seeding rate, however, was not as important as N fertilization in maximizing grain yield. Increasing topdress fertilization to 60 kg N ha–1 increased spikes m–2 at harvest in years of variable winter kill, resulting in greater grain yield. In years of high winter survival, the main source of higher grain yield levels (through higher N application rates) was not achieved through greater spikes m−2 at harvest, but rather through an increase in kernel weight. Optimum grain yields occurred at seeding rates of 400 ± 50 seeds m−2, and at topdress fertilizer applications up to a rate of at least 30 kg N ha−1. Given the results of our seeding date experiments, in conjunction with previously developed climatic models, we now consider the optimum seeding date for the eastern region of Newfoundland to be August 31. Key words: Yield component analysis, two-dimensional partitioning, Triticum aestivum L., ammonium nitrate

Seeding Date, Seeding Rate, and Row Spacing Affect Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Cheat (Bromus secalinus)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
John B. Solie ◽  
Stanley G. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Bromus Secalinus ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

Field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to determine the effects of winter wheat seeding date and cheat infestation level on cultural cheat control obtained by increasing winter wheat seeding rates and decreasing row spacing. Seeding rate and row spacing interactions influenced cheat density, biomass, or seed in harvested wheat (dockage) at two of three locations. Suppressive effects on cheat of increasing wheat seeding rates and reduced row spacings were greater in wheat seeded in September than later. At two other locations, increasing seeding rate from 67 to 101 kg ha–1or reducing row spacings from 22.5 to 15 cm increased winter wheat yield over a range of cheat infestation levels.

CDC Buteo hard red winter wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

CDC Buteo is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat class. It is an intermediate height cultivar with moderate stem and leaf rust resistance and good winter hardiness and grain yield potential. It is adapted to the western Canadian prairies where its agronomic and disease package combined with an excellent grain quality profile has resulted in wide commercial acceptance in Saskatchewan. CDC Buteo was made the wheat quality standard for the Central Winter Wheat Co-operative Registration Trials in 2008.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, wheat (winter)

Prediction of grain protein content in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using plant pigment ratio (PPR)

2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.J. Wang ◽  
J.H. Wang ◽  
L.Y. Liu ◽  
W.J. Huang ◽  
C.J. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Pigment Ratio ◽  
Plant Pigment

Wheat residue management options for no-till corn

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Opoku ◽  
T. J. Vyn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
No Till

Corn (Zea mays L.) yield reduction following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in no-till systems prompted a study on the effects of tillage and residue management systems on corn growth and seedbed conditions. Four methods for managing wheat residue (all residue removed, straw baled after harvest, straw left on the soil surface, straw left on the soil surface plus application of 50 kg ha−1N in the fall) were evaluated at two tillage levels: fall moldboard plow (MP) and no-till (NT). No-till treatments required at least 2 more days to achieve 50% corn emergence and 50% silking, and had the lowest corn biomass at 5 and 7 wk after planting. Grain yield was similar among MP treatments and averaged 1.1 t ha−1 higher than NT treatments (P < 0.05). Completely removing all wheat residue from NT plots reduced the number of days required to achieve 50% corn emergence and increased grain yields by 0.43 and 0.61 t ha–1 over baling and not baling straw, respectively, but still resulted in 8% lower grain yields than MP treatments. Grain yield differences among MP treatments were insignificant regardless of the amount of wheat residue left on the surface or N application in the fall. Early in the growing season, the NT treatments where residue was not removed had lower soil growing degree days (soil GDD) compared with MP (baled) treatment, and higher soil moisture levels in the top 15 cm compared with all other treatments. The application of 50 kg N ha−1 in the fall to NT (not baled) plots influenced neither the amount of wheat residue on the soil surface, nor the soil NO3-N levels at planting. Our results suggest that corn response in NT systems after wheat mostly depends on residue level. Key words: Winter wheat, straw management, no-till, corn, soil temperature, soil moisture

DEHARDENING OF WINTER WHEAT AND RYE UNDER SPRING FIELD CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Changes in cold hardiness (LT50), fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content were measured on crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) taken from the field at weekly intervals in the spring of 1973 and 1974 at Saskatoon, Sask. In all trials, Frontier rye came out of the winter with superior cold hardiness and maintained a higher level of hardiness during most of the dehardening period. For cultivars of both species, rapid dehardening did not occur until the ground temperature at crown depth remained above 5 C for several days. Changes in crown moisture content tended to increase during dehardening. Over this same period crown dry weight increased for winter rye but did not show a consistent pattern of change for winter wheat. Two test sites were utilized in 1974. One site was protected by trees and the other was exposed. General patterns of dehardening were similar for these two sites, but cultivar winter field survival potentials were reflected only by LT50 ratings for the exposed test site. The influence of fall seeding date on spring dehardening was also investigated. Late-seeded wheat plots did not survive the winter in all trials. However, where there was winter survival, no differences in rate of dehardening due to seeding date were observed.

Optimal time and placement of nitrogen fertilizer with direct and conventionally seeded winter wheat

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
M. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Increased Risk

Direct seeding of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) has rapidly become an accepted practice in the Chinook region of the southwestern Canadian prairies. Continuously cropped Chernozemic soils are frequently N deficient. To determine best N fertilizer management practices, we examined conventional versus direct seeding to establish winter wheat and to determine the effects of banded and seed-placed N fertilizer treatments in the fall versus broadcast N in the s pring. The research was conducted using two experiments. The first experiment compared band placement of N fertilizer in soil that was conventionally cultivated and seeded, to direct seeding with seed placement of fertilizer using 10% and 50% seedbed utilizations. The second experiment determined optimal time of N application (i.e., fall/spring split vs. spring only) for direct seeded winter wheat. Direct seeding proved to be successful for germination and emergence of winter wheat and was either as good as or superior to conventionally tilled and seeded treatments. Nitrogen fertilizer was successfully applied in the fall without increased risk of winterkill and application at the time of seeding was generally equal or superior to spring broadcast N. Based on these results, producers could either apply all N fertilizer at the time of seeding or use a split application strategy by applying a portion of N in the fall, and in the spring apply the remaining N required, based on soil test N and spring soil moist re conditions. Key Words: Winter wheat, ammonium nitrate, urea, nitrogen fertilizer placement, direct seeding, conventional seeding

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