Planting dates and seeding rates for soft white winter wheat in eastern Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Andrews ◽  
M. K. Pomeroy ◽  
W. L. Seaman ◽  
G. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Eastern Ontario

A study was made to determine optimum fall planting dates and rates of seeding of soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in three counties in eastern Ontario. This area is considered marginal for winter survival of the crop, although yield potential is high. Plots were sown at Douglas (lat. 45°33′), Ottawa (lat. 45°23′) and Kemptville (lat. 45°00′). Four planting dates were used at Douglas and Ottawa (dates 1 to 4) and five dates at Kemptville. These were: date 1, 27 August; date 2, 10 September; date 3, 24 September; date 4, 8 October; and date 5, 22 October. Split-plot designs were used, with dates as main plots and with rates and cultivars randomized as subplots. Harvest years were between 1983 and 1987. Winter survival was generally reduced below 60% in later plantings, but survival remained high from the date 4 planting in two years at Ottawa. Grain yields were increased by early plantings. Maximum yields at Douglas were obtained from dates 1 and 2; at Ottawa and Kemptville, from dates 1 to 3. A significant advantage of date 2 planting was recorded at Kemptville. Kernel weight and test weight were reduced by late planting dates. Grain yields and winter survival were highly correlated at seven of nine location-years. At Ottawa, there was a significant yield increase from the 160 kg ha−1 seeding rate, compared with 130 kg ha−1, the currently recommended rate. Yield increases from higher seeding rates were greater at later planting dates. Cultivar effects on grain yields were frequently significant, but were less so on winter survival. The cultivar Houser produced the highest yield in five of nine location-years.Key words: Winter survival, wheat (winter), sowing date, sowing rate

Relationships between planting date, winter survival and stress tolerances of soft white winter wheat in eastern Ontario

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Andrews ◽  
M. K. Pomeroy ◽  
W. L. Seaman ◽  
G. Butler ◽  
P. C. Bonn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Measured Stress ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Ice Encasement ◽  
Eastern Ontario

Reduction of populations of fall planted crops in the course of winter can result in substantial losses in economic yield. Variations in planting date of soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in eastern Ontario are known to influence both survival and grain yield. This study was conducted to determine relationships between fall-accumulated growing degree days (GDD), cold hardiness, ice tolerance and a number of plant characteristics with survival recorded the next spring. Locations were at Ottawa (45°23′N) and Douglas (45°33′N) with four planting dates, 27 August, 10 September, 24 September and 8 October in 4 yr, 1983–1986. Delayed planting was associated with reduced survival at Ottawa in 1987 and in all years at Douglas. Consequently, survival at Ottawa showed little association with cold hardiness and ice tolerance, but there were significant correlations at Douglas. Measurements in 3 yr showed that late planted wheats were single tillered, up to 10 times lower fresh weight than the 3–5 tillered August-planted wheat, and their cold hardiness and ice tolerance were decreased. Moisture content of the crown tissue (CrW) increased with delayed planting despite the growth of the plants in acclimating conditions. Highest CrW developed in late-planted wheat at Douglas and showed a high negative correlation with survival. Cold hardiness and ice tolerance correlated with survival at Douglas and there were significant relationships between the stress tolerances. However, no consistent associations across location-years could be defined to explain winter survival in terms of fall-measured stress tolerances and plant parameters. Key words: Cold acclimation, cold hardiness, crown moisture, winter injury, ice encasement, delayed planting

VALOR, A WINTER FEED WHEAT FOR THE MARITIMES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. SAMPSON ◽  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Yield Test

Valor is a new, medium-hard, red winter feed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that is adapted to the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Valor was licensed in July 1981. Compared with Lennox, the principal winter wheat of the area, Valor has slightly higher yield, test weight and 1000-kernel weight, as well as greater winter survival and more resistance to powdery mildew. Valor has slightly weaker straw and lower grain protein.

scholarly journals Effect of seeding date, rate and depth on winter wheat grown on conventional fallow in S.W. Saskatchewan

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
J. G. McLeod ◽  
F. B. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Seeding Date

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeded on conventional fallow is considered to have a high risk of winterkill in the Brown soil zone of the Canadian Prairies, yet many producers in this area continue to use this approach. Although this system is subject to frequent winterkill, the alternative (seeding into standing stubble) is itself subject to frequent economic loss due to drought stress. A 4-yr study was carried out on a medium-textured, Orthic Brown Chernozem using Norstar winter wheat seeded into bare fallow land. Several seeding dates, depths and rates were tested to determine if alternate management strategies could be used to enhance the chances of overwinter survival thereby improving the incidence of successful production when this crop was grown on conventional fallow. Multiple regression was used to relate grain yields and plant counts (survival over winter) to the number of days before freeze-up when the crop was seeded and the other treatment factors. Results confirmed those reported in southern Alberta. For example, production was very variable and both plant survival and grain yields were mainly influenced by seeding date, with the optimum seeding period being the first 2 wk of September; yields decreased sharply on both sides of this period. However, seeding just prior to freeze-up gave higher yields than seeding 2 or 3 wk prior to freeze-up even though this latest seeded material did not geminate until spring. Depth of seeding influenced plant survival but had little influence on yield. The 5.0-cm depth was recommended as the best for fallow. Seeding rate influenced plant survival and yields more so than depth, but the influence was not large and none of the three treatments prevented severe winterkill when temperatures were extremely low. We recommended that a seeding rate of 60 kg ha−1 be chosen for fallow as is the case for stubble seeded wheat. Grain protein was not influenced by any treatment and was mainly a function of moisture deficit (year). In spite of the variability in production with this system of management, producers may still choose to grow winter wheat on conventional fallow since if winterkilling occurs they have the option of reseeding the area to spring wheat. Key words: Seeding date, seeding rate, seeding depth, yields, grain protein

scholarly journals Variability in 1000 kernel weight of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes depending on ecological and agrotechnical factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Demydov ◽  
I. Pravdziva ◽  
V. Hudzenko ◽  
O. Demyanyuk ◽  
N. Vasylenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Sowing Dates

In the ecological conditions of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe (The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, NAAS of Ukraine) the influence of growing season conditions (2016-17–2018-19), sowing dates (September 26, October 5, October 16) and different preceding crops (green manure, mustard, soybean, sunflower, corn) on variability of 1000 kernel weight of seventeen modern genotypes of winter wheat was investigated. Under environments of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe, significant variability in the trait depending on the factors under study was revealed. Part of sum square for the growing season conditions in the variation of 1000 kernel weight of winter wheat was the most (63.2%). Part of sum square for genotype was 7.0%, for preceding crop it was 4.8%, for sowing dates it was 0.4%. In terms of growing season, the variation in part of sum square was 23.5–30.1% for genotype, 12.7–39.8% for preceding crop, 0.8–6.1% for sowing date, and 2.0–26.5% for interactions between them. During the period of the study, on average for all genotypes, the maximum 1000 kernel weight was obtained after green manure (42.6 g), the least one was after soybean (39.0 g). When changing the sowing dates from September 26 to October 16, it was revealed a general tendency of decrease 1000 kernel weight after the preceding crops mustard, sunflower, corn, and soybean. Significant differences in the response of genotypes under study on the sowing dates after different preceding crops were revealed. The most influence on 1000 kernel weight was established for preceding crops in the variety MIP Darunok and for sowing dates in the variety MIP Vidznaka. There were distinguished the varieties Trudivnytsia myronivska, Balada myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, Avrora myronivska, MIP Darunok which significantly exceeded the standard by 1000 kernel weight on average through the growing season conditions, sowing dates, and preceding crops.

THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION TIMING ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF WINTER WHEAT

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 815-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. HOOKER ◽  
S. H. MOHIUDDIN ◽  
E. T. KANEMASU
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Irrigation Treatments

A study was conducted in southwest Kansas to evaluate the effect of limited water applications at critical growth stages on yield and yield components of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was a split-plot design. Irrigation treatments were main plots and cultivar × seeding rate combinations were subplots. The irrigation treatments were: Preplant (PP), PP + jointing (JT), PP + flowering (FL), and PP + JT + FL. Two cultivars (Centurk and Newton) were seeded at rates of 22, 45, and 67 kg∙ha−1. The experiment was conducted over a 2-yr period. During the first cropping season grain and straw yields showed a significant (P < 0.05), positive response to irrigation water applications at the JT growth stage, compared to the PP and PP + FL treatments. There was no significant effect of water treatments on heads per square metre, kernels per square metre or kernel weight. The second cropping season resulted in a positive, significant response of straw yields to irrigation treatments, but no significant response of grain. Grain yield response was nullified by greater kernel weight on the treatments that were most limiting in soil water during early reproductive development (PP and PP + FL).Key words: Triticum aestivum L., limited irrigation, moisture stress, seeding rate, kernel number, kernel weight

Effects of an intercultivaral chromosome substitution on winterhardiness and vernalization in wheat.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-456
Author(s):  
R S Zemetra ◽  
R Morris
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Substitution Line ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Vernalization Gene ◽  
Chromosome 3B

Abstract During a study on the genetic control of winterhardiness in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. group aestivum), a gene that affected vernalization was found on chromosome 3B in the winter wheat cultivar ;Wichita.' When chromosome 3B from Wichita was substituted into the winter wheat cultivar ;Cheyenne,' the resultant substitution line exhibited a spring growth habit. This is unusual since a cross between the cultivars Wichita and Cheyenne results in progeny that exhibit the winter growth habit. The F(2) plants from a cross of the 3B substitution line to Cheyenne, the recipient parent, segregated 3:1 for heading/no heading response in the absence of vernalization (chi(2) = 2.44). Earliness of heading appeared to be due to an additive effect of the 3B gene as shown by the segregation ratio 1:2:1 (early heading-later heading-no heading) (chi(2) = 2.74). This vernalization gene differs from previously described vernalization genes because, while dominant in a Cheyenne background, its expression is suppressed in Wichita. The gene may have an effect on winter hardiness in Wichita. In a field test for winter survival the 3B substitution line had only 5% survival, while Wichita and Cheyenne had 50 and 80% survival, respectively. No other substitution line significantly reduced winter survival. The difference between Wichita and Cheyenne in winterhardiness may be due to the vernalization gene carried on the 3B chromosome.

scholarly journals Yield component variation in winter wheat grown under drought stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
D. R. Domitruk ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
High Yield Potential

Crops produced in the semiarid environment of western Canada are subjected to variable and unpredictable periods of drought stress. The objective of this study was to determine the inter-relationships among yield components and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) so that guidelines could be established for the production of cultivars with high yield potential and stability. Five hard red winter wheat genotypes were grown in 15 field trials conducted throughout Saskatchewan from 1989–1991. Although this study included genotypes with widely different yield potential and yield component arrangements, only small differences in grain yield occurred within trials under dryland conditions. High kernel number, through greater tillering, was shown to be an adaptation to low-stress conditions. The ability of winter wheat to produce large numbers of tillers was evident in the spring in all trials; however, this early season potential was not maintained due to extensive tiller die-back. Tiller die-back often meant that high yield potential genotypes became sink limiting with reduced ability to respond to subsequent improvements in growing season weather conditions. As tiller number increased under more favourable crop water conditions genetic limits in kernels spike−1 became more identified with yield potential. It is likely then, that tillering capacity per se is less important in winter wheat than the development of vigorous tillers with numerous large kernels spike−1. For example, the highest yielding genotype under dryland conditions was a breeding line, S86-808, which was able to maintain a greater sink capacity as a result of a higher number of larger kernels spike−1. It appears that without yield component compensation, a cultivar can be unresponsive to improved crop water conditions (stable) or it can have a high mean yield, but it cannot possess both characteristics. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat, drought stress, kernel weight, kernel number, spike density, grain yield

THE INFLUENCE OF WATER AVAILABILITY ON WINTER WHEAT YIELDS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 831-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. JOHNSON ◽  
E. T. KANEMASU
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Soil Water Conditions

Field experiments were conducted comparing yield and yield components of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under different soil water conditions. Soil water was controlled by excluding precipitation from a 150-m2 plot area with an automatic rain shelter. Treatment regimes were described according to their relative preanthesis/postanthesis soil water content as high/high (H/H), high/low (H/L), and low/high (L/H) in 1978–1979; an additional treatment, low/low (L/L) was added in 1979–1980. A neutron probe was used to periodically monitor soil water to the 150-cm depth in each regime. Plot yields ranged from 559 g/m2 in regime H/H (1978–1979) to 267 g/m2 in L/L (1979–1980) and were positively correlated with head number per square metre (r = 0.70) and kernel number per head (r = 0.79). Low preanthesis soil water reduced head number per square metre in both years. Regimes L/H and L/L in 1979–1980, which averaged the lowest preanthesis soil water of all regimes both years, had reduced kernels per spikelet compared to regimes with high preanthesis soil water. Increased kernel weight. associated with postanthesis irrigations, generally was not enough to compensate fully for fewer kernels per square metre associated with low preanthesis soil water. The results indicate that, if drought develops before grain filling in the spring, improved tiller survival and/or floret fertility could increase yields, even if some stress continued through grain filling. Under nonstress conditions, yield appears limited most by the amount of assimilate required to fill a high number of kernels per square metre.

EFFECTS OF SEEDING RATE AND ROW SPACING ON AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GLENLEA, PITIC 62 AND NEEPAWA WHEATS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. BRIGGS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Plot Design

Three cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.), Glenlea, Pitic 62 and Neepawa, were grown in a seeding rate and row spacing experiment at two locations in 1972 and 1973. In a split-plot design, row spacings of 15, 23 and 30 cm were used as main plots, and subplot seeding rates of 33.6, 67.3 and 100.9 kg/ha were applied for each cultivar. Data were collected on yield, days to maturity, plant height, lodging, kernel weight and test weight. The few significant effects of row spacing indicated that narrow row spacings tend to increase yield and decrease days to maturity. Higher seeding rates per unit area generally resulted in higher yields for all cultivars and, to some extent, earlier maturity. Glenlea wheat seeded at 100.9 kg/ha gave the highest yield in all tests, and at this seeding rate took an average 125 days to reach maturity, compared to 120 days for Neepawa and 129 days for Pitic 62. Seeding rate had virtually no effect on height, kernel weight or test weight of any of the wheats.

Investigation of sowing date and seeding rate on the yield of winter wheat

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Kristó ◽  
Kálmán Gyuris ◽  
Mária Torma ◽  
Margit Hódi-Szél ◽  
István Petróczi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Seeding Rate
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