The yield potential of winter wheat established in a dry seedbed and at different seeding depths

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-892
Author(s):  
G. P. Lafond ◽  
W. E. May ◽  
B. Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Successful Production

The growth habit of winter wheat offers unique benefits in prairie cropping systems. Successful production requires early seeding, usually into a dry seed bed. Seeding date and seeding depth effects were investigated under three very contrasting weather scenarios. Risk in dry years on the Canadian prairies was reduced when winter wheat was seeded shallow (<25 mm) and early (beginning of September). Key words: Triticum aestivum L., fall climatic conditions, establishment, plant stand

CDC Buteo hard red winter wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

CDC Buteo is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat class. It is an intermediate height cultivar with moderate stem and leaf rust resistance and good winter hardiness and grain yield potential. It is adapted to the western Canadian prairies where its agronomic and disease package combined with an excellent grain quality profile has resulted in wide commercial acceptance in Saskatchewan. CDC Buteo was made the wheat quality standard for the Central Winter Wheat Co-operative Registration Trials in 2008.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, wheat (winter)

scholarly journals Effect of seeding date, rate and depth on winter wheat grown on conventional fallow in S.W. Saskatchewan

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
J. G. McLeod ◽  
F. B. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Seeding Date

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeded on conventional fallow is considered to have a high risk of winterkill in the Brown soil zone of the Canadian Prairies, yet many producers in this area continue to use this approach. Although this system is subject to frequent winterkill, the alternative (seeding into standing stubble) is itself subject to frequent economic loss due to drought stress. A 4-yr study was carried out on a medium-textured, Orthic Brown Chernozem using Norstar winter wheat seeded into bare fallow land. Several seeding dates, depths and rates were tested to determine if alternate management strategies could be used to enhance the chances of overwinter survival thereby improving the incidence of successful production when this crop was grown on conventional fallow. Multiple regression was used to relate grain yields and plant counts (survival over winter) to the number of days before freeze-up when the crop was seeded and the other treatment factors. Results confirmed those reported in southern Alberta. For example, production was very variable and both plant survival and grain yields were mainly influenced by seeding date, with the optimum seeding period being the first 2 wk of September; yields decreased sharply on both sides of this period. However, seeding just prior to freeze-up gave higher yields than seeding 2 or 3 wk prior to freeze-up even though this latest seeded material did not geminate until spring. Depth of seeding influenced plant survival but had little influence on yield. The 5.0-cm depth was recommended as the best for fallow. Seeding rate influenced plant survival and yields more so than depth, but the influence was not large and none of the three treatments prevented severe winterkill when temperatures were extremely low. We recommended that a seeding rate of 60 kg ha−1 be chosen for fallow as is the case for stubble seeded wheat. Grain protein was not influenced by any treatment and was mainly a function of moisture deficit (year). In spite of the variability in production with this system of management, producers may still choose to grow winter wheat on conventional fallow since if winterkilling occurs they have the option of reseeding the area to spring wheat. Key words: Seeding date, seeding rate, seeding depth, yields, grain protein

Soil water use, biomass accumulation and grain yield of no-till winter wheat on the Canadian prairies

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Domitruk ◽  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Higher water use efficiency provides no-till-seeded winter wheat with an advantage over spring-sown crops in western Canada. However, like all crops, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) is subject to large yield losses due to drought. This study was undertaken to identify the effect of weather and crop soil water status on water use, aboveground biomass production and grain yield of no-till winter wheat grown on the Canadian prairies. Five winter wheat cultivars were grown over a 3-yr period at a total of 17 sites scattered across the different climatic zones of Saskatchewan. Both the establishment and expression of grain yield potential were limited by drought in these dryland environments. Early-season moisture was required to set up a high grain yield potential while low ET and high precipitation during grain filling were necessary to secure yield. Rapid growth under cool temperatures during April and early May consumed much of the available water in the top 50-cm of the soil profile and large ET deficits, as a consequence of a continuous decline in available water, characterized drought stress in most trials. While stored soil water at greenup was not sufficient to support a crop, there was growing season rainfall at all trial sites and improvements in water availability led to higher grain yields and an increased range in mean environmental grain yield. Rainfall had its greatest influence on grain yield during tillering, while atmospheric conditions and soil water content were more important from heading to anthesis. Because environmental differences in drought stress were related to the volume and distribution of growing season precipitation, some dryland environments were exposed to intermittent stress while stress was terminal in others. Therefore, to be successful, winter wheat cultivars and management systems for the Canadian prairies must be able to accommodate variable patterns of growing season water availability. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., evapotranspiration, precipitation, water use, biomass, grain yield

Effects of an intercultivaral chromosome substitution on winterhardiness and vernalization in wheat.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-456
Author(s):  
R S Zemetra ◽  
R Morris
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Substitution Line ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Vernalization Gene ◽  
Chromosome 3B

Abstract During a study on the genetic control of winterhardiness in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. group aestivum), a gene that affected vernalization was found on chromosome 3B in the winter wheat cultivar ;Wichita.' When chromosome 3B from Wichita was substituted into the winter wheat cultivar ;Cheyenne,' the resultant substitution line exhibited a spring growth habit. This is unusual since a cross between the cultivars Wichita and Cheyenne results in progeny that exhibit the winter growth habit. The F(2) plants from a cross of the 3B substitution line to Cheyenne, the recipient parent, segregated 3:1 for heading/no heading response in the absence of vernalization (chi(2) = 2.44). Earliness of heading appeared to be due to an additive effect of the 3B gene as shown by the segregation ratio 1:2:1 (early heading-later heading-no heading) (chi(2) = 2.74). This vernalization gene differs from previously described vernalization genes because, while dominant in a Cheyenne background, its expression is suppressed in Wichita. The gene may have an effect on winter hardiness in Wichita. In a field test for winter survival the 3B substitution line had only 5% survival, while Wichita and Cheyenne had 50 and 80% survival, respectively. No other substitution line significantly reduced winter survival. The difference between Wichita and Cheyenne in winterhardiness may be due to the vernalization gene carried on the 3B chromosome.

scholarly journals Yield component variation in winter wheat grown under drought stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
D. R. Domitruk ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
High Yield Potential

Crops produced in the semiarid environment of western Canada are subjected to variable and unpredictable periods of drought stress. The objective of this study was to determine the inter-relationships among yield components and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) so that guidelines could be established for the production of cultivars with high yield potential and stability. Five hard red winter wheat genotypes were grown in 15 field trials conducted throughout Saskatchewan from 1989–1991. Although this study included genotypes with widely different yield potential and yield component arrangements, only small differences in grain yield occurred within trials under dryland conditions. High kernel number, through greater tillering, was shown to be an adaptation to low-stress conditions. The ability of winter wheat to produce large numbers of tillers was evident in the spring in all trials; however, this early season potential was not maintained due to extensive tiller die-back. Tiller die-back often meant that high yield potential genotypes became sink limiting with reduced ability to respond to subsequent improvements in growing season weather conditions. As tiller number increased under more favourable crop water conditions genetic limits in kernels spike−1 became more identified with yield potential. It is likely then, that tillering capacity per se is less important in winter wheat than the development of vigorous tillers with numerous large kernels spike−1. For example, the highest yielding genotype under dryland conditions was a breeding line, S86-808, which was able to maintain a greater sink capacity as a result of a higher number of larger kernels spike−1. It appears that without yield component compensation, a cultivar can be unresponsive to improved crop water conditions (stable) or it can have a high mean yield, but it cannot possess both characteristics. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat, drought stress, kernel weight, kernel number, spike density, grain yield

DEHARDENING OF WINTER WHEAT AND RYE UNDER SPRING FIELD CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Changes in cold hardiness (LT50), fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content were measured on crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) taken from the field at weekly intervals in the spring of 1973 and 1974 at Saskatoon, Sask. In all trials, Frontier rye came out of the winter with superior cold hardiness and maintained a higher level of hardiness during most of the dehardening period. For cultivars of both species, rapid dehardening did not occur until the ground temperature at crown depth remained above 5 C for several days. Changes in crown moisture content tended to increase during dehardening. Over this same period crown dry weight increased for winter rye but did not show a consistent pattern of change for winter wheat. Two test sites were utilized in 1974. One site was protected by trees and the other was exposed. General patterns of dehardening were similar for these two sites, but cultivar winter field survival potentials were reflected only by LT50 ratings for the exposed test site. The influence of fall seeding date on spring dehardening was also investigated. Late-seeded wheat plots did not survive the winter in all trials. However, where there was winter survival, no differences in rate of dehardening due to seeding date were observed.

Optimal time and placement of nitrogen fertilizer with direct and conventionally seeded winter wheat

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. McKenzie ◽  
A. B. Middleton ◽  
M. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Increased Risk

Direct seeding of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) has rapidly become an accepted practice in the Chinook region of the southwestern Canadian prairies. Continuously cropped Chernozemic soils are frequently N deficient. To determine best N fertilizer management practices, we examined conventional versus direct seeding to establish winter wheat and to determine the effects of banded and seed-placed N fertilizer treatments in the fall versus broadcast N in the s pring. The research was conducted using two experiments. The first experiment compared band placement of N fertilizer in soil that was conventionally cultivated and seeded, to direct seeding with seed placement of fertilizer using 10% and 50% seedbed utilizations. The second experiment determined optimal time of N application (i.e., fall/spring split vs. spring only) for direct seeded winter wheat. Direct seeding proved to be successful for germination and emergence of winter wheat and was either as good as or superior to conventionally tilled and seeded treatments. Nitrogen fertilizer was successfully applied in the fall without increased risk of winterkill and application at the time of seeding was generally equal or superior to spring broadcast N. Based on these results, producers could either apply all N fertilizer at the time of seeding or use a split application strategy by applying a portion of N in the fall, and in the spring apply the remaining N required, based on soil test N and spring soil moist re conditions. Key Words: Winter wheat, ammonium nitrate, urea, nitrogen fertilizer placement, direct seeding, conventional seeding

scholarly journals Innovative Pulses for European Temperate Regions: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Ayerdi Gotor ◽  
Elisa Marraccini
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

In the Global North, there is an increasing interest in pulses both for their beneficial effects in cropping systems and for human health. However, despite these advantages, the acreage dedi-cated to pulses has been declining and their diversity reduced, particularly in European temperate regions, due to several social and economic factors. This decline has stimulated a political debate in the EU on the development of plant proteins. By contrast, in the Global South, a large panel of minor pulses is still cropped in regional patterns of production and consumption. The aim of this paper is to investigate the for cultivation of potential minor pulses in European temperate regions as a complement to common pulses. Our assumption is that some of these crops could adapt to different pedo-climatic conditions, given their physiological adaptation capacity, and that these pulses might be of interest for the development of innovative local food chains in an EU policy context targeting protein autonomy. The research is based on a systematic review of 269 papers retrieved in the Scopus database (1974&ndash;2019), which allowed us to identify 41 pulses as candidate species with a protein content higher than 20% that are already consumed as food. For each spe-cies, the main agronomic (e.g. temperature or water requirements) and nutritional characteristics (e.g. proteins or antinutritional contents) were identified in their growing regions. Following their agronomic characteristics, the candidate crops were confronted with variability in the annual growing conditions for spring crops in European temperate areas to determine the earliest poten-tial sowing and latest harvest dates. Subsequently, the potential sum of temperatures was calcu-lated with the Agri4cast database to establish the potential climatic suitability. For the first time, 21 minor pulses were selected to be grown in these temperate areas and appear worthy of inves-tigation in terms of yield potential, nutritional characteristics or best management practices.

scholarly journals Assesment of winter wheat advanced lines by use of multivariate statistical analyses

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-1001
Author(s):  
Dane Boshev ◽  
Mirjana Jankulovska ◽  
Sonja Ivanovska ◽  
Ljupcho Jankuloski
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Biological Yield

This study was conducted to evaluate 49 advanced lines of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for their morphoagronomic traits and to determine best criteria for selection of lines to be included in future breeding program. The material was assessed in two years experiment at two locations, using RCBD design with three replications. Ten quantitative traits: plant height, number of fertile tillers, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, weight of grain per spike and per plant, fertility, biological yield and harvest index were evaluated by PCA and two-way cluster analysis. Three main principal components were determined explaining 71.391% of the total variation among the genotypes. One third of the variation is explained by PC1 which reflects the genotype yield potential. PC2 and PC3 explained 25.22% and 15.49% of the total variance, mostly in relation to the plant height and spike components, respectively. Biplot graph revealed strongest positive association between spike length, number of spikelets and biological yield and between number of tillers, weight of grains per spike and per plant. Two-way cluster analysis resulted with a dendrogram with one solely separated genotype, superior for all traits and two main clusters of genotypes defined with wide genetic diversity especially between the groups within the second cluster. Genotypes with high values for specific traits will be included in the future breeding programmes. Classification of genotypes and the extend of variation among them illustrated on the heatmap has proved to be practical tool for selecting genotypes with desired traits in the early stages of the breeding process.

Estimated optimum seeding dates for winter wheat in Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bootsma ◽  
C. J. Andrews ◽  
W. L. Seaman ◽  
G. J. Hoekstra ◽  
A. E. Smid
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Heat Unit ◽  
The North ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Regression Relationship ◽  
Optimum Period

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) must be seeded during an optimum period in the fall to achieve maximum yields. Present recommendations for fall seeding based on corn heat unit zones for Ontario have not been satisfactory in all areas. Results from seeding-date trials at five locations across Ontario confirmed the concept of a 2-wk optimum seeding period (OSP) for winter wheat. A highly significant non-linear regression relationship (R2 = 0.997) was established between the average optimum seeding date (OSD) for six locations in Ontario (taken as the mid-point of the OSP) and the average daily mean air temperature for the period 1 Sept. – 31 Oct. This relationship estimated OSDs more accurately for Ontario than a previously developed relationship based on data from across Canada. Climatic normals (1951–1980) data for more than 350 locations were used to construct 13 OSD zones for Ontario. Estimated OSD ranged from as late as 15 Oct. for the Windsor area to before 21 Aug. in the north around Kapuskasing. Average losses in yield from seeding after the OSP ranged from 75 kg ha−1 day−1 in southwestern Ontario to 40–65 kg ha−1 day−1 in eastern Ontario. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., optimum seeding date zones, climatic normals

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