SUPERIOR PERFORMANCE OF THE HUP−Bradyrhizobium japonicum STRAIN 532C in ONTARIO SOYBEAN FIELD TRIALS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. HUME ◽  
B. J. SHELP
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Available N ◽  
Commercial Inoculant ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Consistent Performance

Field trials were conducted at different sites close to Guelph, Ontario, from 1981 to 1985, to evaluate the effects of Hup+ and Hup− strains on the performance of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) and to identify strains that could support high soybean yields under Ontario conditions. Each year six individual strains, Nitragin Soil Implant granular inoculant and an uninoculated control were compared for their effect on soybean yield. Soil at each experimental site was relatively free of indigenous B. japonicum as exhibited by an average of less than one nodule per plant from the uninoculated control plots. Inoculation with Hup+ or Hup− strains of B. japonicum caused similar average soybean seed yield. Of the inoculants tested (strains as well as commercial inoculant), the Hup− strain, 532C, also known as strain 61A152, supported the highest yields in 4 of the 5 yr. Omitting 1982 data, when soil available N was high and the uninoculated control had yields equivalent to inoculated plots, 532C treatments averaged 3.08 t ha−1 compared to 2.70 for 61A89, 2.84 for 61A133, 2.83 for the commercial inoculant and 1.96 for the uninoculated control. The consistent performance of 532C across years and locations suggested major advantages for this strain. Strain 532C is now being used as a single strain in five of the seven inoculants sold in Ontario.Key words: Soybean, inoculation, Hup+, seed yield

Effects on soybean seed yield by members of 123 serocluster and USDA 110 in the greenhouse and in soils low in indigenous Bradyrhizobium japonicum

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 984-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McLoughlin ◽  
S. G. Alt ◽  
R. G. Gonzalez ◽  
J. Romero-Severson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Inoculum Rate

USDA 123spc and USDA 110str were inoculated on three soybean cultivars in a pot experiment in the greenhouse. USDA 110str yielded 33% more seed than USDA 123spc (P < 0.01). In a low-Bradyrhizobium soil (10 cells/g) at Arlington, WI, three members of the 123 serocluster (USDA 123spc, NJ2-lastr, and I-123spc), USDA 110, and USDA 138 were inoculated at a rate of 1 × 108 cells/2.5-cm row on two soybean cultivars. The inoculum strains formed 100% of the nodules. There was no difference (P < 0.05) in seed yield between any of the inoculum strains on either cultivar. In a low-Bradyrhizobium (102 cells/g), low-N soil, in Georgia, USDA 110, USDA 110str, and two members of the 123 serocluster (USDA 123spc and NJ2-lastr) were inoculated at an inoculum rate of 1 × 108 cell/2.5-cm row on two soybean cultivars. Plots were fertilized with 156 kg of N ha−1, or no N was applied. Serogroup 110 formed 59–90% of the nodules and serocluster 123 formed 48–82% of the nodules on the cultivars. There were no differences in seed yield between the inoculum strains, except that on cv. Gordon with added N, USDA 110 resulted in higher seed yield than USDA 123spc. The uninoculated control plots with cv. Braxton (without added N) also had a better seed yield (P < 0.05) than plots inoculated with USDA 123spc. In summary, inoculation with USDA 110str resulted in higher soybean seed yield than inoculation with USDA 123spc under greenhouse conditions, but not always under field conditions. Key words: Bradyrhizobium japonicum, field trials, seed yield.

The SCREENING OF HERBICIDES FOR EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF WEEDS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-266
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar ◽  
Muhammad Ather Nadeem ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Amjed Ali ◽  
Nasir Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Moderate Relationship ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Little is known about best herbicidal weed option for weed eradication in soybean in agro-climatic circumstances of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. A two year field study was accomplished at College of Agriculture experimental site Sargodha in spring seasons of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of different herbicides adjacent to major weeds present in soybean. The study consisted of 8 herbicide treatments including two pre-emergence herbicides (pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1) which are applied immediately after sowing and six post-emergence herbicides (oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1, metribuzin at 518.7 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i. ha-1, acetochlor at 741 g a.i. ha-1, halosulfuron at 37 g a.i. ha-1and topramezone at 21.5 g a.iha-1) which were used 25 days subsequent to sowing. In contrast to control, all herbicides have shown significant decline in weed density (up to 94%) and dry weight (up to 88%); and caused significant increases in plant height (up to 85%), pod bearing branches (up to 77%), number of pods per plant (up to 83%), 100-seed weight (up to 37%) and seed yield (up to 160%) of soybean. Among herbicides, topramezone at 21.5 g a.i ha-1 gave significantly the highest (1234 and 1272 kg ha-1 in the year 2018 and 2019) seed yield of soybean and HEIs (1.28 and 1.03 in year 2018 and 2019, respectively). However, oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i.ha-1 followed it. The regression analysis depicted a significant negative moderate relationship of soybean seed yield with weed dry weight (R2 = 0.7074), and pods per plant (R2 = 0.7012) was proved to be the main yield component responsible for higher yield of soybean.

scholarly journals Studying the Solubility, availability, and uptake of silicon (Si) from some ore minerals in sandy soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama T. Rashad ◽  
Rashad A. Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Available N ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Silicon Uptake ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Ore Minerals ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
The Individual

The solubility and availability of Si from the feldspar, silica, and zeolite as Si-bearing minerals were studied in a sandy soil. Silicon uptake by the soybean (<em>Glycine max L.</em>)<em> </em>plant was discussed. The minerals used were applied before planting in two separate rates; rate 1 ≈ 595.2 and rate 2 ≈ 1190.5 kg ha<strong><sup>-1</sup></strong> accompanied by a ≈ 4.8 kg ha<strong><sup>-1</sup></strong> constant rate of the K-humate sprayed as a solution on soil after planting in a complete randomized block design. The dissolved Si from the different minerals at rate 2 followed an opposite direction to their SiO<sub>2</sub> percentage that may be due to the structural differences: silica (1.46 mg kg<strong><sup>-1</sup></strong> - SiO<sub>2 </sub>=98.4%) &lt; zeolite (1.71 mg kg<strong><sup>-1</sup></strong> - SiO<sub>2 </sub>=75.9%) &lt; feldspar (2.09 mg kg<strong><sup>-1</sup></strong> - SiO<sub>2 </sub>= 71.9%). The individual mineral treatments at rate 2 have almost decreased the available NPK estimated after soybean harvesting. The K-humate has enhanced the effect of silica at rate 2 for the available N and P. The soybean seed yield (kg ha<strong><sup>-1</sup></strong>) increased significantly by 117.9% for the S1 + H, 109.2% for K-humate and 57.5% for the Z2 + H. The seeds’ Si (mg kg<strong><sup>-1</sup></strong>) increased significantly from 3.6% to 102.9% affected by the silica treatments.

Response of glyphosate-resistant soybean to dicamba spray tank contamination during vegetative and reproductive growth stages

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth

The anticipated availability of dicamba-resistant crops will increase the potential for crop injury to non-dicamba-resistant soybean due to dicamba spray tank contamination. A total of eight field trials were conducted at various locations in Ontario, Canada during 2012–2014 to determine the response of non-dicamba-resistant soybean to dicamba spray tank contamination at 0, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 15, 30, and 60 g a.e. ha−1 applied postemergence (POST) at the V2-3 (2–3 trifoliate) or R1 (1st flower) stage. At one week after treatment (WAT), dicamba applied at 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 15, 30, and 60 g a.e. ha−1 at V2-3 caused 12, 18, 25, 31, 43, 53, and 66% visible injury in soybean, respectively. Injury increased at 2 and 4 WAT and decreased by 8 WAT with 68% visible injury observed at the highest dose. Dicamba applied at R1 caused 23, 28, 36, 40, 48, 61, and 73% visible injury in soybean at 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, 15, 30, and 60 g a.e. ha−1, respectively. The predicted dose of dicamba to reduce soybean seed yield 1, 5, 10, 20 or 50% was 1.1, 5.8, 11.8, 25.2, and >60 g a.e. ha−1 when applied at V2-3 and <0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 4.3, and 11.5 g a.e. ha−1 when applied at R1, respectively. Results show that dicamba spray tank contamination of as little as 0.75 g a.e. ha−1 can cause significant crop injury in non-dicamba-resistant soybean when applied during the vegetative or reproductive stages.

Resistance to Frogeye Leaf Spot in Selected Soybean Accessions in MG I through MG VI

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Mengistu ◽  
Jason Bond ◽  
Rouf Mian ◽  
Randall Nelson ◽  
Grover Shannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Cercospora Sojina ◽  
Frogeye Leaf Spot ◽  
Glycine Max L

Frogeye leaf spot (FLS) caused by Cercospora sojina Hara is a disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that causes significant seed yield loss in warm, humid environments worldwide. The Rcs3 gene in soybean has been reported to condition resistance to all known races of C. sojina. The objectives of this study were to: (i) identify maturity group (MG) I to VI accessions resistant to C. sojina race 11 by field screening at two locations; and (ii) determine if the FLS resistance of the symptomless soybean accessions is likely to be conditioned by the Rcs3 allele. A total of 260 accessions including 12 differentials were evaluated for reaction to race 11 in field trials in Missouri and Illinois during 2009, and 20 accessions that did not develop symptoms were retested in 2010 to validate their resistance. The 20 accessions remained resistant and were tested for the potential presence of Rcs3 allele using molecular markers; and none was predicted to carry the Rcs3 allele. These accessions may contain novel loci for FLS resistance and may be used to broaden the base for developing soybean cultivars with frogeye leaf spot resistance. Accepted for publication 16 April 2012. Published 21 May 2012.

Effect of numbers of Bradyrhizobium japonicum applied in commercial inoculants on soybean seed yield in Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hume ◽  
D. H. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Cubic Equation ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Commercial Inoculants

In the absence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum populations in the soil, yields of field-grown soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) usually respond to inoculation with B. japonicum. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between numbers of B. japonicum per seed in inoculants and soybean nodulation and yield. A total of six field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 on new soybean soils. In dilution trials, Grip inoculant was applied to provide approximately 106, 105, 104, and 103B. japonicum per seed at two locations in 1989. Nodule number and mass, as well as seed yield, increased curvilinearly upward with increasing log10 most probable numbers (MPNs) of B. japonicum. The yield response curve was best fit by a cubic equation, which accounted for 97% of the variation in yield. Seed yields increased 19% (1.83 to 2.13 Mg/ha) from 105 to 106B. japonicum per seed. In field experiments involving 8 commercial inoculants in 1989 and 10 in 1990, and conducted at two locations in each year, responses to increasing log MPNs in the inoculants also were concave upwards and cubic. In the two years, 78 and 46% of the yield variation was accounted for by log MPN per seed. Increasing MPN per seed from 105 to 106 improved yields in first-time fields by an average of 24%, indicating the present minimum standard of 105B. japonicum per seed should be increased. Key words: most probable numbers, response to inoculation, nodulation, Glycine max (L.) Merrill.

scholarly journals Environmental Effects on Soybean (Glycine Max (L.) Merr) Production in Central and South Germany

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1847
Author(s):  
Olena Sobko ◽  
Andreas Stahl ◽  
Volker Hahn ◽  
Sabine Zikeli ◽  
Wilhelm Claupein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Glycine Max L

The cultivation area of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is increasing in Germany as a way to ensure self-sufficiency through its use as feed and food. However, climatic conditions needed for soybean cultivation are not appropriate in all parts of the country. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation on soybean seed productivity and quality in central and south Germany. A multi-factorial field trial was carried out with three replicates at four locations in 2016 and five locations in 2017, testing 13 soybean varieties from the maturity groups MG 00 and MG 000. Considering all the tested factors, “variety” was highly significant concerning protein content (Ø 41.1% dry matter (DM)) and oil content (Ø 19.1% in DM), but not seed yield (Ø 40.5 dt ha−1).The broad sense heritability of protein content was H2 = 0.80 and of oil content H2 = 0.7. Protein and oil content were significantly negatively correlated (r = −0.82). Seed yield was significantly positively correlated with solar radiation (r = 0.32) and precipitation (r = 0.33), but significantly negatively with Crop Heat Units (CHU) (r = −0.42). Over both experimental years, varieties from maturity group MG 00 were less significantly correlated with the tested environmental factors than varieties from maturity group MG 000. None of the environmental factors tested significantly increased the protein or oil content of soybean. In growing areas with heat periods during ripening, protein content tended to be higher than in cooler areas; in areas with high solar radiation during flowering, protein content tended to be reduced.

Sensitivity of field-grown soybean to future atmospheric CO2: selection for improved productivity in the 21st century.

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis H. Ziska ◽  
James A. Bunce
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Glycine Max L

Although genotypic differences among soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars in their response to future CO2 partial pressures have been observed in the glasshouse, it is unclear if similar responses would occur among cultivars when grown under field conditions at normal stand densities. To determine variation in the sensitivity of soybean growth and seed yield to CO2, we grew two contrasting cultivars of the same maturity group, Ripley (semi-dwarf, determinate) and Spencer (standard, indeterminate), to reproductive maturity at ambient and elevated (30 Pa above ambient) CO2 partial pressures for two field seasons. Spencer had been previously selected in glasshouse trials as responsive to increased CO2. Significant cultivar x CO2 interaction was observed for both vegetative biomass and seed yield, with Spencer demonstrating a consistently greater yield enhancement at elevated CO2 than Ripley (60 vs 35%, respectively). Differences in CO2 sensitivity between cultivars were not evident in measurements of single leaf photosynthesis taken during anthesis, nor early or late pod-fill. Analysis of reproductive characteristics indicated that the sensitivity of the seed yield response to CO2 in Spencer was associated with the ability to form additional seed on axillary branches in response to elevated CO2. Data from this experiment suggest that screening of soybean germplasm at the glasshouse level, when combined with field trials, may be an effective strategy to begin selecting soybean lines that will maximize yield in a future, higher CO2 environment.

scholarly journals Influence of Soybean (Glycine max. L) Sowing Methods and Seed Rate on Nitrogen Accumulation in Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 321-327
Author(s):  
N. Swapna ◽  
Firdouz Shahana ◽  
T. Prabhakar Reddy ◽  
M. Venkataiah
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Available N ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
The Impact

The soybean (Glycine max L.) is a crop with a high demand for nitrogen (N). The root nodules that form in soybeans can fix atmospheric N effectively. To quantify available N in the soil a field experiment was conducted at Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur to evaluate the impact of varying sowing methods and seed rates on yield of soybean and available N in soil after harvest of crop. Planting methods and seed rates significantly influenced seed yield and available nitrogen in the soil.  Broad Bed Furrow (BBF) method with seed rate 50 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher number of pods per plant (105) and mean seed yield of 1891 kg ha-1 over flatbed with 50 kg seed rate ha-1 (1757 kg ha-1) respectively. Broad Bed and Furrow method of planting recorded a significantly higher live root nodules and available nitrogen in soil with 50 kg seed rate ha-1. Seed rate of 75 kg/ha recorded highest available N in soil on broad bed and furrow method. Broad Bed Furrow (BBF) method with seed rate 50 kg ha-1 recorded highest net returns (₹ 53,233 ha-1) and highest B:C ratio (2.72) over flat bed of planting.

Effect of seed treatment using Mancozeb and Ridomil fungicides on Rhizobium strain performance, nodulation and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Zerihun Getachew ◽  
Lejalem Abeble
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Specific Strain ◽  
Glycine Max L

The viability of commercial Rhizobium strains (SB-14 and SB-12) were inoculated and fungicides (Mancozeb and Ridomil) were used as seed dressed on soybean seed to investigate their effect on nodulation, plant growth and seed yield of soybean. Application of Rhizobial inoculants alone gave the highest nodulation and shoot dry weight performance as well as seed yield of soybean on both sites. SB-12 inoculant had significantly shown to be more effective than SB-14 inoculant in increasing nodulation and thus produced higher plant growth and seed yield. Rhizobial survival on the seeds was severely affected by both fungicides, resulting in decreased nodulation, plant growth and seed yield for both inoculants. However, Ridomil fungicide gave the lowest nodulation and seed yield when applied with either SB-12 or SB-14 Rhizobial strains. The strains differed in their sensitivity to Mancozeb fungicide that with strain SB-12 showed a slight effect or no effect on survival of rhizobium, nodulation and yield of soybean. Seed-dressing of mancozeb and ridomil resulted in reduction of seed yield by 882.8 kg ha-1 and 1154.7 kg ha-1, respectively with SB-12 strain. The present results indicate that inoculated Rhizobium inoculants differ in their capacity to develop resistance to the two dressed fungicides. Seed treatment with Mancozeb in combination with SB-12 strain slightly affected the survival of the inoculated strain. Consequently, mancozeb fungicide may be compatable with survival of the inoculated SB-12 Rhizobia. The results also indicate that the suppressive effects of seed-applied fungicides on Rhizobium strains survival and nodulation development depend on specific strain and fungicide. Soybean seeds inoculated with SB-12 may not need management with fungicides or lower concentration of Mancozeb that could be compatible with SB-12 to suppress soil-borne pathogens for both Assosa and Begi sites, western Ethiopia.

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