DEVELOPMENT OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE MUSTARD

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. LOVE ◽  
G. RAKOW ◽  
J. P. RANEY ◽  
R. K. DOWNEY
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Aliphatic Glucosinolates ◽  
Plant Grown ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Canola Quality ◽  
Aliphatic Glucosinolate

The objective of this study was to develop low glucosinolate mustard (Brassica juncea Coss.). This was accomplished through an interspecific cross between an Indian type 3-butenyl glucosinolate containing B. juncea selection and a "Bronowski-gene(s)" containing low glucosinolate B. campestris L. followed by backcrossing to the B. juncea parent. Seed of BC1F2 plants, and selected plants of BC1F3 and BC1F4 generations were analyzed for glucosinolate content by gas chromatography. Total aliphatic glucosinolate contents of individual BC1F2 plants ranged from 57 to 204 μmol g−1 meal. A single BC1F3 plant grown from the BC1F2 plant with the lowest glucosinolate content, identified as 1058, was found to contain less than 1 μmol g−1 meal of total aliphatic glucosinolates. The glucosinolate content in individual plants of the BC1F4 generation of plant 1058 ranged from 0.8 to 2.9 μmol g−1 meal. Field grown progeny of 1058 at three locations in 1987 and at one location in 1988 in Saskatchewan contained less than 10 μmol g−1 meal of total aliphatic glucosinolates. Therefore, the low glucosinolate characteristic of selection 1058 can be considered genetically stable. Progeny of plant 1058 had plant morphology and seed coat reticulation of B. juncea, but poor fertility (< 5 seeds per pod). The development of this low glucosinolate plant is an achievement that should allow the breeding of canola quality oilseed B. juncea mustard.Key words: Mustard, glucosinolate, Brassica juncea, interspecific cross

Molecular mapping of seed aliphatic glucosinolates in Brassica juncea

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 753-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Mahmood ◽  
U Ekuere ◽  
F Yeh ◽  
A G Good ◽  
G R Stringam
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Total Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Genome Map ◽  
Aliphatic Glucosinolates ◽  
Genomic Map ◽  
Canola Quality

An RFLP genomic map with 316 loci was used to study the inheritance of aliphatic glucosinolates in Brassica juncea using doubled-haploid (DH) populations developed from a cross between RLM-514, an agronomically superior non-canola quality B. juncea (high erucic acid and high glucosinolates), and an agronomically poor canola quality B. juncea breeding line. Two QTLs (GSL-A2a and GSL-A2b) associated with 3-butenyl were consistent across years and locations, and explained 75% of the phenotypic variance in the population. Three QTLs (GSL-A2a, GSL-F, GSL-B3) affected 2-propenyl and explained 78% of the phenotypic variance in the population. For total aliphatic glucosinolates, five QTLs explained 30% to 45% of the total phenotypic variance in the population in different environments. Several QTLs (GSL-A7 and GSL-A3) were highly inconsistent in different environments. Major QTLs (GSL-A2a and GSL-A2b) associated with individual glucosinolates were non-significant for total aliphatic glucosinolates. A marker-assisted selection strategy based on QTLs associated with individual glucosinolates rather than total aliphatic glucosinolates is proposed for B. juncea.Key words: Brassica juncea, aliphatic glucosinolate, 2-propenyl, 3-butenyl, RFLP genome map, QTLs, marker-assisted selection.

Comparative Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Aliphatic, Indolic and Benzylic Glucosinolate Production in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves and Seeds

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Kliebenstein ◽  
Jonathan Gershenzon ◽  
Thomas Mitchell-Olds
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Aliphatic Glucosinolates ◽  
Glucosinolate Concentration ◽  
Indolic Glucosinolates ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Concentration Mapping ◽  
Indolic Glucosinolate ◽  
Aliphatic Glucosinolate

Abstract Secondary metabolites are a diverse set of plant compounds believed to have numerous functions in plant-environment interactions. Despite this importance, little is known about the regulation of secondary metabolite accumulation. We are studying the regulation of glucosinolates, a large group of secondary metabolites, in Arabidopsis to investigate how secondary metabolism is controlled. We utilized Ler and Cvi, two ecotypes of Arabidopsis that have striking differences in both the types and amounts of glucosinolates that accumulate in the seeds and leaves. QTL analysis identified six loci determining total aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation, six loci controlling total indolic glucosinolate concentration, and three loci regulating benzylic glucosinolate levels. Our results show that two of the loci controlling total aliphatic glucosinolates map to biosynthetic loci that interact epistatically to regulate aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation. In addition to the six loci regulating total indolic glucosinolate concentration, mapping of QTL for the individual indolic glucosinolates identified five additional loci that were specific to subsets of the indolic glucosinolates. These data show that there are a large number of variable loci controlling glucosinolate accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

scholarly journals Tumorous Stem Development of Brassica Juncea: A Complex Regulatory Network of Stem Formation and Identification of Key Genes in Glucosinolate Biosynthesis

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1006
Author(s):  
Mengyao Li ◽  
Fangjie Xie ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Bo Sun ◽  
Ya Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Glucosinolate Biosynthesis ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Aliphatic Glucosinolates ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Brassica Vegetable ◽  
Main Component

Stem mustard is a stem variety of mustard, an important Brassica vegetable. The formation and development of the tumorous stem, which is the key organ for the direct yield and quality, is a complex biological process involving morphogenesis, material accumulation and gene regulation. In this study, we demonstrated through anatomical studies that stem swelling is mainly dependent on the increase in the number of cells and the volume of parenchyma cells in the cortex and pith. To further understand transcript and metabolic changes during stem swelling, we obtained 27,901 differentially expressed genes, of which 671 were specifically detected using transcriptome sequencing technology in all four stages of stem swelling. Functional annotation identified enrichment for genes involved in photosynthesis, energy metabolism, cell growth, sulfur metabolism and glucosinolate biosynthesis. Glucosinolates are a group of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing secondary metabolites, which largely exist in the Cruciferous vegetables. HPLC analysis of the contents and components of glucosinolates in four different stem development stages revealed eight glucosinolates, namely, three aliphatic glucosinolates (sinigrin, glucoalyssin and gluconapin), four indole glucosinolates (4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin) and one aromatic glucosinolate (gluconasturtiin). All these types of glucosinolates showed a significant downward trend during the stem swelling period. The content of aliphatic glucosinolates was the highest, with sinigrin being the main component. In addition, qPCR was used to validate the expression of nine genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis. Most of these genes were down-regulated during stem swelling in qPCR, which is consistent with transcriptome data. These data provide a basic resource for further molecular and genetic research on Brassica juncea.

Expression and relationships of resistance to white rust (Albugo candida) at cotyledonary, seedling, and flowering stages in Brassica juncea germplasm from Australia, China, and India

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. X. Li ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam ◽  
G. Walton ◽  
P. Salisbury ◽  
W. Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Albugo Candida ◽  
White Rust ◽  
China And India ◽  
Canola Quality

White rust (Albugo candida) is a highly destructive disease of oilseed Brassicas such as Brassica juncea and B. rapa. Most commercial B. juncea or B. rapa varieties are highly susceptible and yield losses from combined infection of leaves and inflorescences can be up to 20% or 60% in Australia and India, respectively. In Australia, canola-quality B. juncea has been developed to extend oilseed Brassica production into lower rainfall areas, with the first commercial B. juncea canola-quality variety planned for release in 2006. It is essential to identify useful sources of host resistance in B. juncea as breeding and/or selection of material for resistance is the most cost-effective method of delivering control for farmers. Three experiments were undertaken under controlled-environmental conditions to identify the best methods of characterising host resistance and to identify sources of resistance in B. juncea germplasm from Australia, China, and India. Forty-four B. juncea genotypes, viz. 22 from India, 12 from Australia, and 10 from China, were tested. Four Chinese genotypes (CBJ-001, CBJ-002, CBJ-003, CBJ-004) and one Australian genotype (JR049) consistently showed high resistance to A. candida across the different plant growth stages against a pathotype prevailing in Australia. Similarly, the most susceptible genotypes (viz. Indian genotypes RH781, RL1359, RH819) were extremely susceptible irrespective of the plant growth stage. Overall, although disease severity on cotyledons and leaves at the different growth stages was significantly and positively correlated, there was, however, no significant correlation between the number of stagheads and any of the other disease parameters measured. Our study demonstrates that controlled-environmental conditions are suitable for rapid identification of resistant genotypes and that genotypes with high levels of resistance can be reliably identified at the cotyledonary, seedling, or flowering stages.

Eldorado summer turnip rape

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
D. F. Degenhardt ◽  
G. R. Stringam ◽  
Z. P. Kondra
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Seed Oil Content ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Canola Quality

Eldorado summer rape (Brassica rapa L.) is a canola-quality cultivar with a seed yield similar to that of Tobin. The seed oil content of Eldorado is significantly higher and its meal glucosinolate content is significantly lower than Tobin. Eldorado is well adapted to the B. rapa-growing areas of western Canada. Keywords: Turnip rape (summer), cultivar description

Centennial Brown brown condiment mustard

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rakow ◽  
J. P. Raney ◽  
D. Rode ◽  
J. Relf-Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
White Rust

Brown condiment mustard (Common Brown) has about 10% lower grain yield than oriental condiment mustard (yellow seeded), which both belong to the same species [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.]. Yield improvements in brown condiment mustard are therefore of great importance. The Saskatoon Research Centre of AAFC initiated a condiment brown mustard improvement program in 1996 applying pedigree selection of single plants from the condiment brown mustard cultivar Blaze, which resulted in the selection and registration of the cultivar Centennial Brown. Centennial Brown yielded 3.2% more grain than the landrace Common Brown, on average over 81 location years in 9 yr of condiment mustard Co-op tests (1999–2007) and was well adapted to the mustard-growing areas of the Canadian prairies. Support for registration was based on 6 yr of Co-op tests. Centennial Brown had the same maturity (91 d) and was 5 cm taller (116 cm) than Common Brown. It had 1.5% lower fixed oil (36.6%) and 1.2% greater protein content (30.0%) compared with Common Brown. It had 0.4 g heavier seed (2.96 g 1000 seed-1) than Common Brown. Centennial Brown had 0.9 mg g seed-1 greater allyl glucosinolate content than Common Brown (9.15 mg g seed-1). Green seed counts were low in Centennial Brown (0.64%) compared with Common Brown (0.79%). This was confirmed in chlorophyll content measurements, 4.76 mg kg-1 for Centennial Brown and 5.24 mg kg-1 for Common Brown. Centennial Brown was resistant to blackleg disease [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not.] and highly susceptible to the B. juncea races of white rust [Albugo candida (Pers.) Kuntze], equal to Common Brown. Centennial Brown will quickly replace Common Brown in the market place because of its increased grain yield and much superior seed quality. Key words: Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., cultivar description, grain yield, seed quality

Productivity and quality of canola and mustard cultivars under weed competition

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
Y. Gan
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Canola Quality ◽  
Oriental Mustard

Competitive crops or cultivars can be an important component of integrated weed management systems. A study was conducted from 2003 to 2006 at four sites across semiarid prairie ecoregions in Saskatchewan and Alberta to investigate the productivity and quality of canola (Brassica napusL.) and mustard cultivars under weed competition. Four open-pollinated canola cultivars, four hybrid canola cultivars, two canola-quality mustard and two oriental mustard cultivars [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.], and two yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) cultivars were grown under weedy and weed-free conditions. When combined across site-years, crop aboveground biomass at maturity and seed yield were reduced by weed interference, except for yellow and oriental mustard. However, seed oil and protein content of cultivars were not affected by weed competition. Among crop types, yellow and oriental mustard were best able to maintain biomass and seed yield under weed interference, followed in decreasing order of competitiveness by hybrid and open-pollinated canola, then canola-quality mustard. Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Sinapis alba, weed competition

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