EFFECT OF NITROGEN SOURCES AND RATES ON YIELD AND HOLLOW STEM DEVELOPMENT IN BROCCOLI

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1049-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLAS TREMBLAY
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
N Source ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
First Time ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of N sources and rates on growth, yield and hollow stem development of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. spp. Italica Plenck ’Green Valiant’). Four N fertilizers [NH4NO3, Ca(NO3)2, (NH4)2SO4 or CO(NH2)2] were side-dressed in a factorial arrangement with rates of 75, 150 or 225 kg N ha−1. Increasing N rate resulted in greater vegetative growth but also in more hollow stem development, as estimated for the first time by a measure of hole volume. In a dry and warm year, however, with a near optimal soil pH, hollow stem development increased more with N rate than did marketable yield. In these conditions, it may therefore be advisable to reduce N applications. Nitrate-containing sources increased yield by 4% but induced 13% more hollow stem so that no N source could be identified that would produce high broccoli yield with minimum hollow stem. The effect of N source was neither function of year nor of N rate; it would therefore be irrelevant to modify N rate according to the source used.Key words: Brassica oleracea L. spp. Italica Plenck, broccoli, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium sulphate

scholarly journals Influence of Boron and Molybdenum on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3408-3414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Singh ◽  
Amit Kumar Singh ◽  
Tushar Raghuvanshi ◽  
Maneesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Vineet Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Nitrogen fertilization of trembling aspen seedlings grown on soils of different pH

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie DesRochers ◽  
R van den Driessche ◽  
Barb R Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Carbon Isotope Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
N Source ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
B Uptake ◽  
Selection Of

Seedlings from three open-pollinated aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) families were grown in a greenhouse with four nitrogen (N) sources, each at two N levels and three pH levels. Nitrogen sources were ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), and urea ((NH2)2CO); N levels were 50 and 200 mg·L–1 (100-mL aliquots three times per week); and pH levels were 5, 6, and 7. Shoot dry mass and leaf area increased with pH in (NH4)2SO4 and (NH2)2CO treatments, but were greatest at pH 6 in the NH4NO3 and Ca(NO3)2 treatments as a result of a pH × N source interaction. N level was directly related to growth, net assimilation, water-use efficiency, and leaf carbon isotope ratio, while N source had no effect on these parameters. Seedlings from families 2 and 3 grew larger than seedlings from family 1, which allocated relatively more dry matter to roots. Growth of the three families interacted with soil pH so that family 1 was largest at pH 7, but families 2 and 3 were largest at pH 6. Seedling boron (B) uptake was reduced by increasing pH and by the Ca(NO3)2 fertilizer. These results were interpreted to show that although the three families seemed well adapted to all the N and pH conditions to which they were exposed, growth could be increased by selection of a fertilizer most suitable to the pH and availability of other nutrients in the soil.

scholarly journals Growth, yield and shelf-life of isopentenyltransferase (ipt)-gene transformed broccoli

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
L -F Chan ◽  
L. -F.O. Chen ◽  
H -Y Lu ◽  
C -H Lin ◽  
H -C Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Loss of chlorophyll leading to floret yellowing limits the post-harvest lifespan of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck). Cytokinins are known to delay floral yellowing of plants. A transgene construct pSG766A, which results in the expression of isopentenyltransferase (ipt), the key enzyme for cytokinin synthesis, has been developed in broccoli. Expression of the ipt transgene is triggered by the senescence-associated gene promoter (SAG-13). Three selfed T5 lines of ipt transformed broccoli (lines 101, 102 and 103) have been obtained through selection for single copy insertion, acceptable horticultural traits and transgene ipt activity. These three transgenic inbred lines were evaluated in the field during 2004-2007 to determine their growth, yield and shelf-life after harvest, relative to a non-transgenic inbred line (104) and the parental variety Green King. For most of the vegetative growth parameters measured, year-to-year variability exceeded line-to-line variability. Inbreeding had little impact on the appearance or yield potential of the broccoli lines. Head yields of the transgenic inbred lines 102 and 103 were comparable to the parental variety Green King, but were significantly higher than the non-transgenic inbred line 104, as lines 102 and 103 produced more plants with heavier flower heads. Cytokinin content in the form of isopentenyladenosine was relatively higher in the transgenic lines than in the two non-transgenic controls. When flower heads were stored at 25 ± 2°C, the period required to cause 50% floret yellowing was 7.5 and 8.5 d for the transgenic lines 102 and 103, respectively, compared with 5.6 d for the non-transgenic line 104, and 5.1 d for the parental variety Green King. This study showed that the ipt-transformed inbred lines of broccoli combined acceptable appearance and yields with enhanced shelf-life.Key words: Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck, transgenic broccoli, isopentenyltransferase gene, genetic characterization, shelf-life

Response of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) yield and hollow stem to plant density, trickle irrigation and transplanting date

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-735
Author(s):  
K R. Sanderson ◽  
S. A. E. Fillmore
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Maximizing yield and quality of processing broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) is critical to successful production in Atlantic Canada. Field studies were conducted from 2004 to 2006 to evaluate the effect of plant density and trickle irrigation on the yields and incidence of hollow stem for early and late transplanting of broccoli. Treatments consisted of five plant densities ranging from 3.17 to 6.35 plants m–2. Each plant density was either not irrigated or trickle irrigated to maintain at least 25 mm total precipitation per week. The highest marketable yield was achieved at 5.56 plants m–2 when grown in an early transplanting with trickle irrigation in a single row with 90 cm between the row and 20 cm within the row. Overall, earlier transplanting dates were more productive. Trickle irrigation increased marketable yield by an average of 12% over the 3 yr of tests. Average head weight, head diameter, and the incidence of hollow stem decreased as plant density increased. Leaf tissue N was not affected by plant density, trickle irrigation or transplanting date.Key words: Brassica oleracea L. italica, plant density, yield, growth

The interaction between nitrogen source, soil pH, and drought in the growth and physiology of three poplar clonesThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Poplar Research in Canada.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie DesRochers ◽  
R. van den Driessche ◽  
Barb R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
N Sources ◽  
N Source ◽  
Poplar Clones ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objective of this study was to understand how nitrogen (N) source, soil pH, and drought interact in the growth and water-use efficiency of poplars. Rooted cuttings from two hybrid poplar clones, 24 (Walker) ( Populus deltoides × Populus ×petrowskyana ), and 794 (Brooks 6) (Populus deltoides × Populus ×petrowskyana), and one native balsam poplar clone 1004 ( Populus balsamifera L.), were grown in a greenhouse for a period of 8 weeks. Trees received a combination of two N sources (ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4] and calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2]), two soil pHs (5 and 7), and two drought levels (85% and 40% field capacity, as determined by mass). Trees had reduced growth, net photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance with NO3– fertilization, and these effects were accentuated at soil pH  7. The drought treatment only slightly reduced growth and rarely interacted with N source or soil pH. Drought also did not affect instantaneous measurements of water-use efficiency, but it increased δ13C by an average of 0.55‰. The poplar clones used in this study appear to be better adapted to take up N from NH4+ than from NO3–-N sources.

Cole crop yield response to reduced nitrogen rates

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Sanderson ◽  
J. A. Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Control Banding ◽  
Reduced Nitrogen ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Cole Crop ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Response of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata), Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var italica) to reduced N rates was studied over 4 yr. Treatments were application methods, broadcast, split and banded with two rates of N; 120 and 90 kg ha−1 plus a control of 150 kg ha−1 broadcast N. Marketable yield was lower by 15, 23, and 13%, respectively, compared to the control. Banding lowered yield of cabbage and broccoli. The lower N rate had the lowest yield in all crops. Leaf N concentration varied with N rate. Key words: Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, reduced nitrogen, yield

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