The interaction between nitrogen source, soil pH, and drought in the growth and physiology of three poplar clonesThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Poplar Research in Canada.

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie DesRochers ◽  
R. van den Driessche ◽  
Barb R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
N Sources ◽  
N Source ◽  
Poplar Clones ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objective of this study was to understand how nitrogen (N) source, soil pH, and drought interact in the growth and water-use efficiency of poplars. Rooted cuttings from two hybrid poplar clones, 24 (Walker) ( Populus deltoides × Populus ×petrowskyana ), and 794 (Brooks 6) (Populus deltoides × Populus ×petrowskyana), and one native balsam poplar clone 1004 ( Populus balsamifera L.), were grown in a greenhouse for a period of 8 weeks. Trees received a combination of two N sources (ammonium sulphate [(NH4)2SO4] and calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2]), two soil pHs (5 and 7), and two drought levels (85% and 40% field capacity, as determined by mass). Trees had reduced growth, net photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance with NO3– fertilization, and these effects were accentuated at soil pH  7. The drought treatment only slightly reduced growth and rarely interacted with N source or soil pH. Drought also did not affect instantaneous measurements of water-use efficiency, but it increased δ13C by an average of 0.55‰. The poplar clones used in this study appear to be better adapted to take up N from NH4+ than from NO3–-N sources.

scholarly journals Selection of black poplars for water use efficiency

2002 ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Orlovic ◽  
Slobodanka Pajevic ◽  
Borivoj Krstic
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
Black Poplar ◽  
Poplar Clones ◽  
Use Efficiency

Photosynthesis, transpiration, water use efficiency (WUE) and biomass production have been investigated in nine black poplar clones (section Aigeiros) in three field experiments. Eastern cottonwood clones (Populus deltoides) had the highest net photosynthesis and water use efficiency. European black poplar clones had the highest transpiration intensity. Correlation analysis showed that net photosynthesis was in a high positive correlation with biomass. Medium negative correlations existed between WUE and net photosynthesis, transpiration and biomass and WUE and biomass. The study showed a pronounced interclonal variability of the physiological and growth characters under study.

Physiological foundation for the differences of long-term water use efficiency among Populus deltoides clones

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2079-2086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengjun Zhao ◽  
Yingbai Shen ◽  
Rongfu Gao ◽  
Xiaohua Su ◽  
Bingyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Tree Water Use, Water Use Efficiency, and Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Relation to Growth Potential in Populus deltoides and Hybrids under Field Conditions

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maier ◽  
Burley ◽  
Cook ◽  
Ghezehei ◽  
Hazel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Stem Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid Clones

We explored the relationship between tree growth, water use, and related hydraulic traits in Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.and hybrid clones, to examine potential trade-offs between growth and water use efficiency. Nine genotypes, six P. deltoides and three hybrid clones, that represented genotypes with high (Group H), intermediate (Group I), and low (Group L) growth performance were selected for study, based on year-two standing stem biomass in a replicated field trial. In year four, tree growth, transpiration (Et), canopy stomatal conductance (Gs), whole-tree hydraulic conductance (Gp), and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) were measured. Tree sap flux was measured continuously using thermal dissipation probes. We hypothesized that Group H genotypes would have increased growth efficiency (GE), increased water use efficiency of production (WUEp, woody biomass growth/Et), lower Δ13C, and greater Gp than slower growing genotypes. Tree GE increased with relative growth rate (RGR), and mean GE in Group H was significantly greater than L, but not I. Tree WUEp ranged between 1.7 and 3.9 kg biomass m3 H2O−1, which increased with RGR. At similar levels of Et, WUEp was significantly greater in Group H (2.45 ± 0.20 kg m−3), compared to I (2.03 ± 0.18 kg m−3) or L (1.72 ± 0.23 kg m−3). Leaf and wood Δ13C scaled positively with stem biomass growth but was not correlated with WUEp. However, at a similar biomass increment, clones in Group H and I had significantly lower leaf Δ13C than Group L. Similarly, Group H clones had a significantly lower wood Δ13C than Group L, supporting our hypothesis of increased WUE in larger trees. Tree physiological and hydraulic traits partially explain differences in WUEp and Δ13C, and suggest that clone selection and management activities that increase tree biomass production will likely increase tree and stand WUE. However, more research is needed to discern the underlying hydraulic mechanisms responsible for the higher WUE exhibited by large trees and distinct clones.

scholarly journals The Receptor-Like Kinase ERECTA Confers Improved Water Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance to Poplar via Modulating Stomatal Density

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7245
Author(s):  
Huiguang Li ◽  
Yanli Yang ◽  
Houling Wang ◽  
Sha Liu ◽  
Fuli Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Use Efficiency

Poplar is one of the most important tree species in the north temperate zone, but poplar plantations are quite water intensive. We report here that CaMV 35S promoter-driven overexpression of the PdERECTA gene, which is a member of the LRR-RLKs family from Populus nigra × (Populus deltoides × Populus nigra), improves water use efficiency and enhances drought tolerance in triploid white poplar. PdERECTA localizes to the plasma membrane. Overexpression plants showed lower stomatal density and larger stomatal size. The abaxial stomatal density was 24–34% lower and the stomatal size was 12–14% larger in overexpression lines. Reduced stomatal density led to a sharp restriction of transpiration, which was about 18–35% lower than the control line, and instantaneous water use efficiency was around 14–63% higher in overexpression lines under different conditions. These phenotypic changes led to increased drought tolerance. PdERECTA overexpression plants not only survived longer after stopping watering but also performed better when supplied with limited water, as they had better physical and photosynthesis conditions, faster growth rate, and higher biomass accumulation. Taken together, our data suggest that PdERECTA can alter the development pattern of stomata to reduce stomatal density, which then restricts water consumption, conferring enhanced drought tolerance to poplar. This makes PdERECTA trees promising candidates for establishing more water use efficient plantations.

Stomatal control of water use efficiency in poplar clones and hybrids

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1344-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Blake ◽  
T. J. Tschaplinski ◽  
A. Eastham
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Stomatal Control ◽  
Poplar Clones ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Use Efficiency

Water use efficiency (WUE, the ratio of dry matter produced to water used in transpiration) was studied in 17 poplar clones and hybrids. Although WUE could not be predicted from the poplar group alone, water efficiency was found to vary in different poplar genotypes. For example, a balsam poplar, Populus maximowiczii M-4 (section Tacamahaca), and a white poplar clone, P. alba A-499 (section Leuce), had twice the dry matter production per unit of water transpired compared with another clone of P. maximowiczii (M-13) and a Cottonwood clone, P. nigra N-80 (section Aegeiros), which showed low WUE. The reduced transpiration in water-efficient clones per unit of dry matter produced was associated with a higher stomatal resistance on the abaxial leaf surface. However, the physiological and morphological basis of WUE varied in different clones. Water-efficient clones exhibited one or more of the following adaptations restricting water loss: (i) conspicuous cuticular ledges or hairs above the pore openings of stomata, (ii) earlier partial stomatal opening in the morning, and (iii) smaller stomata and a lower stomatal frequency on the adaxial surface of the upper leaves. Poplar clones of low WUE exhibited less stomatal control of transpiration as a result of lower stomatal resistances and they lacked the above adaptations. Relative ranking of genotypes could not be predicted from either dry matter productivity or transpiration rate alone although the most water efficient clones generally exhibited lower transpiration rates compared with less efficient clones.

scholarly journals Interaction Effects of Nitrogen Source and Irrigation Regime on Tuber Quality, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Solanum tuberosum L.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. M. Eid ◽  
Ali A. Abdel-Salam ◽  
Haythum M. Salem ◽  
Samira E. Mahrous ◽  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
N Source ◽  
Use Efficiency

Two field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of three drip irrigation regimes (G1: 120% crop evapotranspiration (ETc), G2: 100% ETc, and G3: 80% ETc) and four nitrogen (N) source treatments (S0: non-fertilized; S1: urea, S2: ammonium nitrate, and S3: ammonium sulfate on water consumption use, water utilization efficiency, chlorophyll, yield and tubers quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.; cv Diamond) under a drip irrigation system during two successive winter seasons (2015/16 and 2016/17)). Nitrogen fertilization was applied at 380 kg ha−1 as standard application for potato in the investigated area. The highest tubers yield was obtained from potato grown with G1 S2 (65.8 Mg ha−1), G1 S3 (63.6 Mg ha−1), G2 S2 (64.1 Mg ha−1), and G2 S3 (62.4 Mg ha−1), while the lowest tubers yield was obtained from potato grown with G3 S0 (10.1 Mg ha−1) and G2S0 (17.4 Mg ha−1). Different treatments of N source resulted in a significant increase for water use efficiency (WUtE) compared with unfertilized treatment. For the interaction effect, the highest WUtE was obtained from potato grown with G3 S2 (18.1 kg m−3), followed by G3 S3 (17.6 kg m−3), while the lowest WUtE was obtained from plants grown with G3S0 (3.0 kg m−3). However, the highest chlorophyll content was obtained from plants grown with G1 and any N source, followed by G2S1-3, while the lowest chlorophyll content was obtained from those grown with G3S0. The highest N, S, protein, and P contents in tubers were obtained from plants grown with G3S3, G3S2, and G2S2, while the highest K content in tubers was obtained from plants grown with G1S1 and G1S2. In concussion, the integrative effects of G1 or G2 with S2 or S3 is recommended for high productivity, while the integrative effects of G3S3 and G3S2 are recommended for high quality tubers.

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