DIFFERENTIAL ALUMINUM TOLERANCE OF HIGH-YIELDING, EARLY-MATURING CANADIAN WHEAT CULTIVARS AND GERMPLASM

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEITH G. BRIGGS ◽  
GREGORY J. TAYLOR ◽  
IAN STURGES ◽  
JOHN HODDINOTT
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Al Tolerance

Twenty-eight spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars were tested for tolerance to aluminum (Al) using solution culture techniques. Fourteen of these cultivars were also grown in the field under two different management levels, Conventional and Intensive Crop Management (ICM), to determine maximum yield potentials in the Edmonton region and to determine if individual cultivars respond differently to management levels on high fertility fallow conditions. Based upon a root weight index (RWI), seven of the 28 spring wheat cultivars tested (K.Kongoni, PT741, K.Nyumbu, PT726, Norquay, PF7748, Maringa) were more tolerant to Al than the winter wheat standard for Al tolerance, Atlas 66. The winter wheat standard for Al sensitivity, Scout 66, ranked most sensitive to Al, but 11 spring wheat cultivars were equally sensitive (Lancer, Wildcat, Columbus, Park, Bluesky, Kenyon, Benito, BW92, Neepawa, Conway, Katepwa). In the field, cultivars varied in yield potential and days to maturity in both the Conventional and ICM treatments; however, ICM provided no additional benefit in terms of yield. Six genotypes (Bluesky, Norquay, Oslo, PT726, PT741, PT742) were significantly higher yielding than Neepawa and matured as early as Park. Six of the nine highest yielding cultivars from the field trials had Al tolerance ratings (RWI values) greater than 0.80 (80% of control), while five Canadian Western Red Spring (CWRS) cultivars, the lowest yielding from the field trials, had RWI values less than or equal to 0.43. The reason for the apparent association between high yield potential and tolerance to Al is unknown.Key words: wheat, Triticum aestivum, aluminum tolerance, high yield, early maturity, intensive crop management

Biggar red spring wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
K. R. Preston ◽  
T. F. Townley-Smith ◽  
E. A. Hurd ◽  
G. E. McCrystal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Flour Milling ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
End Use ◽  
Milling Properties

Biggar red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) combines high grain yield potential with semidwarf stature and wide adaptation. Biggar has improved end-use suitability relative to HY320 such as harder kernels, better flour milling properties, greater water absorption, and stronger gluten properties. It received registration No. 3089 and is eligible for grades of Canada Prairie Spring (red). Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (spring), high yield, cultivar description

Influence of agronomic practices on canopy microclimate and septoria development in no-till winter wheat produced in the Parkland region of Saskatchewan

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Tompkins ◽  
D. B. Fowler ◽  
A. T. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
No Till ◽  
N Fertility

In areas with favourable growing conditions, high seeding rates (SRs), narrow row spacings (RSs) and nitrogen fertilization (N) are required before high yield potentials of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are realized. Changes in these variables produce changes in crop-canopy microclimate that may influence the development of foliar pathogens. This study examined the relative differences in crop-canopy microclimates due to different RS and SR combinations and determined the effect of SR, RS and N fertility on septoria (Septoria nodorum Berk. and Septoria tritici Rob. ex Desm.) development on normal height and semi-dwarf cultivars grown under no-till in the Parkland region of Saskatchewan. The daily mean value for solar radiation penetrating to the base of the crop canopy was 1100 μmol m−2 s−1 for 36-cm RS. This was 30% higher than the 845 μmol m−2 s−1 observed for 9-cm RS. The increased light interception by the canopy was associated with higher dry matter production and grain yield. During peak periods, wind speed was 56% higher within the 36-cm RS canopy than within the 9-cm RS canopy. Increased duration of leaf wetness was associated with 9-cm RS and 140-kg-ha−1 SR treatment. Cooler air temperature and higher RH within the canopy occurred for the 9-cm RS – 140-kg-ha−1 SR treatment. Differences in air temperature and RH between the 9-cm RS – 140-kg-ha−1 SR and the 36-cm RS – 35-kg-ha−1 SR treatments were smaller at night and greater during the day. The maximum differences occurred at mid-morning and mid-afternoon, when the 9-cm RS – 140-kg-ha−1 SR canopy was 1.5 °C cooler and had a 4.5% higher RH than the 36-cm RS – 35-kg-ha−1 SR canopy. Septoria severity increased when SR increased from 35 kg ha−1 to 140 kg ha−1. Septoria severity was not influenced by RS. Septoria severity was greater on the flag leaf of the semi-dwarf cultivar Norwin than on the tall cultivar Norstar. Increased N fertility reduced septoria severity in one trial. These observations demonstrated that, in addition to the influence on yield potential, high SR and narrow RS produce a canopy microclimate that is favourable for the development of septoria. Key words: Seed rate, row spacing, N fertility, Septoria sp., Triticum aestivum, canopy microclimate

scholarly journals Influence of crop management on yield formation in cereals. [German]

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-46
Author(s):  
G. Fischbeck
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Yield Formation

Grain yield of winter wheat in a given yr varied between 3.19 and 5.85 t/ha and between 3.2 and 4.7 t in 2 sets of data compiled in 1969-79 and 1972-8, respectively. no single factor including soil type, cv., preceding crop or N application was responsible for the yield differences. Variance for yr X location was responsible for 50% of grain yield variation in a series of field trials; cv.-specific crop management was only important at high yield levels. Preventive application of fungicides against major diseases increased the av. grain yield of 16 wheat cv. by 1.38 t. From trials in 1976-80 with winter wheat and spring barley, the number of grains/m2 was the most important criteron differentiating yield between and within the crops. Correlation between grain number and yield decreased as yield increased but 1000-grain wt. compensated for this effect. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Molecular characterization of vernalization response genes in Canadian spring wheat

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Alireza Navabi ◽  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
Donald F. Salmon ◽  
Dean Spaner
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Deletion Allele ◽  
Vrn Genes

Vernalization response (Vrn) genes play a major role in determining the flowering/maturity times of spring-sown wheat. We characterized a representative set of 40 western Canadian adapted spring wheat cultivars/lines for 3 Vrn loci. The 40 genotypes were screened, along with 4 genotypes of known Vrn genes, using previously published genome-specific polymerase chain reaction primers designed for detecting the presence or absence of dominant or recessive alleles of the major Vrn loci: Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, and Vrn-D1. The dominant promoter duplication allele Vrn-A1a was present in 34 of 40 cultivars/lines, whereas the promoter deletion allele Vrn-A1b was present in only 1 of the western Canadian cultivars ( Triticum aestivum L. ‘Rescue’) and 2 of its derivative chromosomal substitution lines. The intron deletion allele Vrn-A1c was not present in any line tested. Only 4 of the western Canadian spring wheat cultivars tested here carry the recessive vrn-A1 allele. The dominant allele of Vrn-B1 was detected in 20 cultivars/lines. Fourteen cultivars/lines had dominant alleles of Vrn-A1a and Vrn-B1 in combination. All cultivars/lines carried the recessive allele for Vrn-D1. The predominance of the dominant allele Vrn-A1a in Canadian spring wheat appears to be due to the allele's vernalization insensitivity, which confers earliness under nonvernalizing growing conditions. Wheat breeders in western Canada have incorporated the Vrn-A1a allele into spring wheats mainly by selecting for early genotypes for a short growing season, thereby avoiding early and late season frosts. For the development of early maturing cultivars with high yield potential, different combinations of Vrn alleles may be incorporated into spring wheat breeding programs in western Canada.

scholarly journals Efficiency of the use of mutations, induced on radiation-contaminated areas, when improving winter wheat cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Yakymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
Crop Capacity

Aim. Breeding of Triticum aestivum L. cultivars requires the development of generically diversified primary material. Induced mutagenesis plays an important role in the solution of the issue.  Mutagenic activity of radionuclide contaminations of the alienation zone of ChNPP and industrial facilities of uranium manufacture was studied to determine the efficiency of their use when developing the material of winter wheat which is valuable for breeding. Methods. The selection of mutants was done using the methods of recording and singling out of visible mutations, phenological observations, analysis of biometric indicators, determination of total yield capacity and its components. Results. Chronic effect of the radiation of radionuclide contaminations of the alienation zone of ChNPP and the territory of uranium ore mining results in the increase of mutation variability of winter wheat by 8–14.9 and 9.8–12.6, respectively. Mutation spectrum included 24.29–49.34 % of those valuable for breeding. Productive mutants, which exceeded primary cultivars in crop capacity by 2.7–6.9 %, were developed. Mutant samples, whose high yield capacity was supplemented with grain quality enhancement or its maintenance at the level of a primary form, were identified. Conclusions. The expansion of genetic variety of primary breeding material due to mutagenesis, induced by radionuclide contaminations, creates the opportunities for its use in hybridization aimed at the implementation of breeding-genetic programs of the improvement of wheat cultivars. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., radionuclide contamination, mutation variability, valuable for breeding mutations, productive forms.

HY320 RED SPRING WHEAT

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DE PAUW ◽  
E. A. HURD ◽  
T. F. TOWNI.KY-SMITH ◽  
G. R. McCRYSTAL ◽  
C. W. B. LENDRUM
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Breeder Seed

HY320 red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) combines high grain yield potential with semidwarf stature and wide adaptation. HY320 is the first licensed wheat cultivar eligible for grades of Canada Prairie Spring. It was registered on 23 Jan. 1985. Breeder seed of HY320 will be maintained by Agriculture Canada Experimental Farm, Indian Head, Saskatchewan.Key words: Wheat (spring), high yield, cultivar description

scholarly journals Genomic Prediction and Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in US Pacific Northwest Winter Wheat Using Spectral Reflectance Indices from High-Throughput Phenotyping

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis N. Lozada ◽  
Jayfred V. Godoy ◽  
Brian P. Ward ◽  
Arron H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Reflectance Indices ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Yield Potential

Secondary traits from high-throughput phenotyping could be used to select for complex target traits to accelerate plant breeding and increase genetic gains. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using spectral reflectance indices (SRI) for indirect selection of winter-wheat lines with high yield potential and to assess the effects of including secondary traits on the prediction accuracy for yield. A total of five SRIs were measured in a diversity panel, and F5 and doubled haploid wheat breeding populations planted between 2015 and 2018 in Lind and Pullman, WA. The winter-wheat panels were genotyped with 11,089 genotyping-by-sequencing derived markers. Spectral traits showed moderate to high phenotypic and genetic correlations, indicating their potential for indirect selection of lines with high yield potential. Inclusion of correlated spectral traits in genomic prediction models resulted in significant (p < 0.001) improvement in prediction accuracy for yield. Relatedness between training and test populations and heritability were among the principal factors affecting accuracy. Our results demonstrate the potential of using spectral indices as proxy measurements for selecting lines with increased yield potential and for improving prediction accuracy to increase genetic gains for complex traits in US Pacific Northwest winter wheat.

HARMFUL EFFECT OF WORKED-DOWN WINTER WHEAT ON SPRING-SEEDED WHEAT AND RAPESEED

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
G. B. SCHAALJE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Causative Effect ◽  
Effect On Yield

Where winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Norstar’) was worked-down on 1 May and the plots reseeded to spring wheat immediately, no detrimental effect on yield of spring wheat was found. However, delaying this action until 15 May reduced the yields of spring-seeded wheat because of the harmful effect of decomposing winter wheat and late seeding. Moisture depletion by winter wheat was eliminated as a causative effect by light irrigations during May. Yields of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. ’Candle’) were not so severely reduced by worked-down winter wheat. The harmful effect was significant only with 30 May cultivation and seeding date.Key words: Phytotoxicity, Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris, worked-down

scholarly journals Root malate efflux and expression of taalmt1 in serbian winter wheat cultivars differing in Al tolerance

2018 ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasna Savic ◽  
Nenad Stevic ◽  
Vuk Maksimovic ◽  
Jelena Samardzic ◽  
Dragana Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars
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