PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH WINTER SURVIVAL OF WINTER WHEATS AND WINTER TRITICALES IN ALBERTA

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. McINTYRE ◽  
T. H. H. CHEN ◽  
M. F. MEDERICK
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
X Triticosecale ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

Several traits have been measured as indices for winter hardiness in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). Published information on the response of winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) to these traits is limited. In this study LT50, water content, fresh weight, dry weight and total soluble carbohydrate (TSC) were determined for cold acclimated crowns of 10 breeding lines of T. aestivum and 18 of triticale. The T. aestivum lines evaluated were hardier than the triticale and LT50 appeared to be a reliable predictor of field survival (FSI). Correlations between LT50 and FSI were significant for both species. Correlation coefficients between traits measured differed between species. In triticale, correlations between dry weight, water content and LT50 were significant. In T. aestivum water content correlated closest with LT50. The relationship between TSC and FSI appeared to differ between the two species.Key words: X Triticosecale Wittmack, Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell, wheat (winter), cold hardiness, primary triticale, secondary triticale

WATER IMBIBITION RATE OF WHEAT KERNELS AS AFFECTED BY KERNEL COLOR, WEATHER DAMAGE, AND METHOD OF THRESHING

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. CLARKE ◽  
R. M. DePAUW
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
X Triticosecale ◽  
Kernel Color ◽  
Water Imbibition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weather Damage ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
Wheat Kernels ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

The rate of water imbibition by wheat kernels may be related to preharvest sprouting damage and tempering times during milling. The effects of kernel color and exposure to weather damage on water imbibition rate of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernels, and the effects of field vs. oven drying and hand vs. mechanial threshing on water uptake rate of HY320 wheat and Welsh triticale (X-Triticosecale Wittmack) were investigated. Rates of imbibition were determined by sequential weighings over a 32-h period of 50-kernel samples imbibing water from agar media. In HY320 wheat, the rate was faster for mechanically threshed (0.0117 g g−1 h−1) than for hand-threshed (0.0115 g g−1 h−1) samples. Threshing method did not affect imbibition rate of Welsh triticale kernels (average 0.0141 g g−1 h−1). Rate of germination was significantly greater for mechanically threshed than for hand-threshed Welsh, but there was no significant difference for HY320. Method of drying did not affect kernel water imbibition rate. Rate of imbibition was faster in nonweathered than in weathered wheat (0.0136 vs. 0.0130 g g−1 h−1). In five wheat crosses involving white and red kernel color, rate of water imbibition was not associated with the allele for kernel color. Rate was negatively correlated with kernel weight (r = 0.49**, n = 49) and kernel hardness (r = −0.29*) in the five crosses, and positively correlated with protein content (r = 0.44**). Other undetermined factors accounted for the major part of the genotypic differences in rate of imbibition.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., X-Triticosecale Wittmack, windrowing, kernel water imbibition rate, germination rate

RELATIONSHIP OF SOIL FERTILITY TO COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT CROWNS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
M. S. KALDY
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Prairie Soil ◽  
Relationship Of

In two controlled-environment experiments, N fertilizer applied to a Dark Brown prairie soil decreased cold hardiness of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), while P applied in the absence of N had little effect. When applied together, P counteracted the effect of N and produced plants as hardy as those that had received no fertilizer. The soil was rich in K; consequently application of additional amounts of this element had no effect on cold hardiness. The correlation coefficient between dry weight of crowns and cold hardiness (LT50) was not sigificant, but that between water content and LT50 was highly significant.

COLD HARDINESS IN HEXAPLOID TRITICALE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. LIMIN ◽  
J. DVORAK ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

The excellent cold hardiness of rye (Secale cereale L.) makes it a potential source of genetic variability for the improvement of this character in related species. However, when rye is combined with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to produce octaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack, ABDR genomes), the superior rye cold hardiness is not expressed. To determine if the D genome of hexaploid wheat might be responsible for this lack of expression, hexaploid triticales (ABR genomes) were produced and evaluated for cold hardiness. All hexaploid triticales had cold hardiness levels similar to their tetraploid wheat parents. Small gains in cold hardiness of less than 2 °C were found when very non-hardy wheats were used as parents. This similarity in expression of cold hardiness in both octaploid and hexaploid triticales indicates that the D genome of wheat is not solely, if at all, responsible for the suppression of rye cold hardiness genes. There appears to be either a suppressor(s) of the rye cold hardiness genes on the AB genomes of wheat, or the expression of diploid rye genes is reduced to a uniform level by polyploidy in triticale. The suppression, or lack of expression, of rye cold hardiness genes in a wheat background make it imperative that cold-hardy wheats be selected as parents for the production of hardy triticales.Key words: Triticale, Secale, winter wheat, cold hardiness, gene expression

COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT TILLERS ACCLIMATED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. LEGGE ◽  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cold Hardy

The cold hardiness of tillers separated from the plant immediately before freezing (CTM) or left intact on the crown (ICM) was determined by artificial freeze tests on two sampling dates for four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars acclimated in the field. Plants with 9 and 13 tillers excluding coleoptile tillers were selected in mid-October and at the end of October, respectively. No differences in lethal dose temperature (LT50) were detected among CTM or ICM tillers sampled in mid-October. The three youngest CTM tillers sampled at the end of October were less cold hardy than older tillers. However, younger CTM tillers did not survive the unfrozen control treatment as well as older tillers. ICM tillers sampled at the end of October had the same LT50 except for one of the older tillers. No correlation was found between either the moisture content or dry weight and the LT50 of tillers. Winter survival of tillers was evaluated for two cultivars in the spring. Tillers of intermediate age and two of the youngest tillers had the highest survival rates. Tiller regeneration from axillary buds rather than the apical meristem occurred following cold stress and was negatively correlated to tiller emergence date. It was concluded that differences in cold hardiness among tillers must be taken into consideration if tillers are utilized to estimate the LT50 of a plant.Key words: Cold hardiness, tillers, winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., developmental stage, moisture content

The effect of cytoplasm on cold hardiness in alloplasmic rye (Secale cereale L.) and triticale

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Limin ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
Octoploid Triticale ◽  
Wheat Parent

Many changes occur within the cytoplasm of plant cells during cold acclimation. However, the cause and effect relationship between cytoplasmic response to low temperature and the development of cold hardiness in cells has been difficult to determine. This study considered the importance of rye (Secale cereale L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum tauschii (Coss.) Schmal.) cytoplasmic effects in conditioning plant cold hardiness. The cold hardiness of octoploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) produced from hardy rye and nonhardy wheat was similar to that of the wheat parent, demonstrating a complete suppression of the rye cold hardiness genes. Similar observations were made for wheat – rye amphiploids from reciprocal crosses, indicating that this suppression was not due to cytoplasmic effects. It is more probable that, because the cold hardiness of octoploid triticale approximates that of the wheat parent, the cold hardiness potential of the rye genome is suppressed by a gene or genes in the wheat complement. The cold hardiness of alloplasmic rye with T. tauschii cytoplasm was similar to that of the rye parent indicating that the cold hardiness genes of rye have normal expression in the T. tauschii cytoplasm. Based on observations made in these two studies, it was concluded that the cytoplasm has little direct effect on cold hardiness, or on the nuclear expression of cold hardiness.Key words: cold hardiness, cytoplasm, Triticum aestivum L., triticale, alloplasmic rye.

The effect of abscisic acid and cytokinins on the cold hardiness of winter wheat

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Gusta ◽  
D. B. Fowler ◽  
N. J. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Measurable Effect

The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and the cytokinins benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin on the cold hardiness of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated by controlled freeze tests. ABA or BA applied as a foliar spray to nonacclimated plants or to plants acclimated for 1 week had no measurable effect on crown cold hardiness. The crown water content of winter wheat plants grown in nutrient solution supplemented with BA or kinetin decreased by twofold but cold hardiness was not increased. Thus, a reduction in water content alone does not necessarily result in increased cold hardiness. After 7 days of hardening ABA added with BA increased cold hardiness of crowns 3 to 4 °C depending upon the treatment.

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