RELATIONSHIP OF SOIL FERTILITY TO COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT CROWNS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
M. S. KALDY
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Prairie Soil ◽  
Relationship Of

In two controlled-environment experiments, N fertilizer applied to a Dark Brown prairie soil decreased cold hardiness of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), while P applied in the absence of N had little effect. When applied together, P counteracted the effect of N and produced plants as hardy as those that had received no fertilizer. The soil was rich in K; consequently application of additional amounts of this element had no effect on cold hardiness. The correlation coefficient between dry weight of crowns and cold hardiness (LT50) was not sigificant, but that between water content and LT50 was highly significant.

INFLUENCE OF DURATION OF GROWTH, SEED SIZE, AND SEEDING DEPTH ON COLD HARDINESS OF TWO HARDY WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Freezing Test ◽  
Test Plants

Two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Kharkov 22 MC and Winalta, were grown for 14 or 28 days under controlled environment from large or small seed or from seed with about half the endosperm removed. The kernels were seeded either 1 or 5 cm deep. After a 14-day cold hardening period followed by a freezing test, plants that had grown actively for 28 days were hardier than those that had grown actively for only 14 days. Plants from large kernels were hardier than those from small kernels, which in turn were slightly hardier than those from kernels with half the endosperm removed. Deep seeding reduced cold hardiness. The treatments had a marked effect on the dry weight of crowns and a smaller effect on crown total available carbohydrate content, both of which were positively correlated with cold hardiness, whereas water content was negatively correlated with cold hardiness.

COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT TILLERS ACCLIMATED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. LEGGE ◽  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cold Hardy

The cold hardiness of tillers separated from the plant immediately before freezing (CTM) or left intact on the crown (ICM) was determined by artificial freeze tests on two sampling dates for four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars acclimated in the field. Plants with 9 and 13 tillers excluding coleoptile tillers were selected in mid-October and at the end of October, respectively. No differences in lethal dose temperature (LT50) were detected among CTM or ICM tillers sampled in mid-October. The three youngest CTM tillers sampled at the end of October were less cold hardy than older tillers. However, younger CTM tillers did not survive the unfrozen control treatment as well as older tillers. ICM tillers sampled at the end of October had the same LT50 except for one of the older tillers. No correlation was found between either the moisture content or dry weight and the LT50 of tillers. Winter survival of tillers was evaluated for two cultivars in the spring. Tillers of intermediate age and two of the youngest tillers had the highest survival rates. Tiller regeneration from axillary buds rather than the apical meristem occurred following cold stress and was negatively correlated to tiller emergence date. It was concluded that differences in cold hardiness among tillers must be taken into consideration if tillers are utilized to estimate the LT50 of a plant.Key words: Cold hardiness, tillers, winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., developmental stage, moisture content

RELATIONSHIP OF PLANT WATER CONTENT AND WINTERHARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT AND FALL RYE GROWN IN ATLANTIC CANADA

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Better Than

The percent plant water was determined over a 6-yr period on plants of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and fall rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivars of a number of yield tests grown on Prince Edward Island. There were year-to-year variations in plant water content within cultivars. A negative correlation was obtained between percent plant water and winterhardiness. Generally, correlations of percent plant water with winterhardiness rating were better than with annual field survival. In some years percent plant water did not correlate with either field survival or winterhardiness rating. Plant water content was correlated with long-term winterhardiness rating during years when little or no winterkilling occurred.Key words: Winter wheat, fall rye, plant water

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH WINTER SURVIVAL OF WINTER WHEATS AND WINTER TRITICALES IN ALBERTA

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. McINTYRE ◽  
T. H. H. CHEN ◽  
M. F. MEDERICK
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
X Triticosecale ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

Several traits have been measured as indices for winter hardiness in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). Published information on the response of winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) to these traits is limited. In this study LT50, water content, fresh weight, dry weight and total soluble carbohydrate (TSC) were determined for cold acclimated crowns of 10 breeding lines of T. aestivum and 18 of triticale. The T. aestivum lines evaluated were hardier than the triticale and LT50 appeared to be a reliable predictor of field survival (FSI). Correlations between LT50 and FSI were significant for both species. Correlation coefficients between traits measured differed between species. In triticale, correlations between dry weight, water content and LT50 were significant. In T. aestivum water content correlated closest with LT50. The relationship between TSC and FSI appeared to differ between the two species.Key words: X Triticosecale Wittmack, Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell, wheat (winter), cold hardiness, primary triticale, secondary triticale

The effect of abscisic acid and cytokinins on the cold hardiness of winter wheat

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Gusta ◽  
D. B. Fowler ◽  
N. J. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Measurable Effect

The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and the cytokinins benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin on the cold hardiness of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated by controlled freeze tests. ABA or BA applied as a foliar spray to nonacclimated plants or to plants acclimated for 1 week had no measurable effect on crown cold hardiness. The crown water content of winter wheat plants grown in nutrient solution supplemented with BA or kinetin decreased by twofold but cold hardiness was not increased. Thus, a reduction in water content alone does not necessarily result in increased cold hardiness. After 7 days of hardening ABA added with BA increased cold hardiness of crowns 3 to 4 °C depending upon the treatment.

Relationship of Pre-anthesis Fructan Metabolism to Grain Numbers in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Hendrix ◽  
JC Linden ◽  
DH Smith ◽  
CW Ross ◽  
IK Park
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Degree Of Polymerisation ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Fructan Metabolism ◽  
Relationship Of

Four cultivars of winter wheat were analysed for non-structural carbohydrates at four harvest dates starting at inflorescence initiation and ending at anthesis. Grain number was determined from comparable plants harvested at maturity. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, and fructans were quantified in extracts of stems and inflorescences. In stems the content of the four carbohydrates increased until about a week before anthesis. During the week before anthesis the trend for the sugars was variable, but fructan content continued to increase. In inflorescences, trends for sugars were similar to those in stems; however, fructan content peaked 7-10 days before anthesis. Peak quantities of fructans in inflorescences and the quantities degraded after the peak were both correlated with grain numbers. The average degree of polymerisation of fructans from stems was 5 with most being in the range from 3 to 7. The degree of polymerisation in inflorescences ranged from 3 to 56. All of these data indicate that inflorescences differ from stems in their control of fructan metabolism.

DEHARDENING OF WINTER WHEAT AND RYE UNDER SPRING FIELD CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Changes in cold hardiness (LT50), fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content were measured on crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) taken from the field at weekly intervals in the spring of 1973 and 1974 at Saskatoon, Sask. In all trials, Frontier rye came out of the winter with superior cold hardiness and maintained a higher level of hardiness during most of the dehardening period. For cultivars of both species, rapid dehardening did not occur until the ground temperature at crown depth remained above 5 C for several days. Changes in crown moisture content tended to increase during dehardening. Over this same period crown dry weight increased for winter rye but did not show a consistent pattern of change for winter wheat. Two test sites were utilized in 1974. One site was protected by trees and the other was exposed. General patterns of dehardening were similar for these two sites, but cultivar winter field survival potentials were reflected only by LT50 ratings for the exposed test site. The influence of fall seeding date on spring dehardening was also investigated. Late-seeded wheat plots did not survive the winter in all trials. However, where there was winter survival, no differences in rate of dehardening due to seeding date were observed.

EFFECT OF PHENOXY HERBICIDES ON COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
W. M. HAMMAN
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Phenoxy Herbicides ◽  
Freezing Test ◽  
Environment Experiment ◽  
A Minor

In a controlled environment experiment, five phenoxy herbicides were sprayed at two rates on 14-day-old winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend Thell ’Norstar’). After 7 additional days of active growth, the plants were cold-hardened for 14 days and then subjected to a freezing test. Four of the herbicides — MCPA amine, 2,4-D ester, 2,4-DB, 2,4-D amine — significantly reduced the cold hardiness of winter wheat whereas diclofop methyl had a minor effect. The reduction in hardiness was greater at the higher rates of application than at the lower rates.

EFFECT OF A Rht GENE CONDITIONING THE SEMIDWARF CHARACTER ON WINTERHARDINESS IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. GILLILAND ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

In the northern part of the North American Great Plains, the level of cultivar winter-hardiness required for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is extremely high. Presently, available winter wheat cultivars with adequate winterhardiness are tall and, under favourable growing conditions, crop lodging and excessive amounts of straw can present serious production problems. Consequently, cultivars with short, stiff straw and a high harvest index would be desirable for high production areas within this region. However, semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness have not yet been developed. In this study, six GA-insensitive (Rht) semidwarf parents with poor to moderate winterhardiness were crossed with three GA-sensitive (rht) tall parents possessing good winterhardiness to produce 20 different single, three-way and double crosses. These crosses were evaluated to determine if the GA-insensitive character could be combined with a high level of winterhardiness in winter wheat. Gibberellic acid (GA) sensitivity analyses of F2 seedlings established that a single GA-insensitive gene was involved in each cross. F2-derived F3 and F3-derived F4 lines were assessed for GA-sensitivity and winterhardiness levels were determined from field survival at several locations in Saskatchewan, Canada. Winter survival of homozygous GA-sensitive and GA-insensitive lines were similar in both generations. Lines with winterhardiness levels similar to those of the three tall parent cultivars were recovered in all GA-response classes. The absence of a meaningful pleiotropic effect of Rht genes on winterhardiness indicates that the reason semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness levels have not been developed is due to the lack of a concentrated breeding effort to combine the two characters. A breeding strategy for the production of adapted winterhardy semidwarf winter wheat cultivars is discussed. The influence of endogenous gibberellin levels on cold hardiness in winter wheat is also considered.Key words: Cold hardiness, field survival, Triticum aestivum L, semidwarf, Gibberellic acid

Volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) competition in corn (Zea mays L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-924
Author(s):  
G.C. Wilson ◽  
N. Soltani ◽  
C.J. Swanton ◽  
F.J. Tardif ◽  
D.E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Volunteer winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a sporadic weed found in corn (Zea mays L.) fields across southern Ontario. Eight trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (2006 and 2007) at four locations to determine the competitiveness of volunteer winter wheat in corn. A soft red winter wheat cultivar (Pioneer 25R47) was seeded at each location at densities of 0 to 30 seeds m-2 late in the fall, prior to corn planting the following spring. Volunteer wheat competition in corn resulted in reduced emergence of corn leaf collars. Competition with volunteer wheat resulted in a 5% decrease in corn leaf collars present at 21 and 70 d after emergence with volunteer wheat densities of 3.0 and 5.2 plants m-2, respectively. Furthermore, volunteer wheat competition reduced total leaf area, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, plant and ear height and yield by 5% with densities of 5.1 to 6.0 plants m-2 compared with the weed-free control. The level of competitiveness was dependent on the density of volunteer wheat.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document