DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF VOLUNTEER Brassica ON PRODUCTION OF CERTAIN CEREAL AND OILSEED CROPS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. VERA ◽  
D. I. McGREGOR ◽  
R. K. DOWNEY
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Brassica Hirta ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Mustard Crop ◽  
Field Plots

Variable amounts (up to 1.04 t dry wt ha−1) of herbage from seedlings of cultivars from four Brassica species (B. campestris L., B. napus L., B. hirta Moench and B. juncea (L.) Coss.) and straw and chaff (5 t ha−1) of B. campestris were incorporated into field plots to investigate the effect on subsequent stand establishment and seed yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and rapeseed (B. campestris). The amounts of plant material incorporated were considered representative of straw and chaff which might be deposited at harvest, or herbage which could originate from postharvest volunteer germination. Brassica herbage reduced stand establishment and seed yield of the oilseeds to a greater extent (65 and 53%, respectively) than that of the cereals (17 and 23%, respectively). Among the cereals, barley was the most affected, while oats did not show significant reductions of stand or yield. Generally the type of Brassica used to produce herbage did not influence the reduction of stand establishment or seed yield. Incorporation of straw and chaff of rapeseed in some instances resulted in reduced plant stands but did not show deleterious effects on seed yield, and in one case resulted in an increase in yield. For comparison, the effect of incorporating barley herbage on stand establishment and seed yield of barley and flax was also investigated. Incorporation of barley herbage also resulted in reduction of stand establishment (21%) and seed yield (26%) of subsequent crops, although its effect on stand establishment was less pronounced than for Brassica herbage (44%). It is recommended that a cereal, in particular oats, follow rapeseed or mustard in the crop rotation in order to avoid losses from deleterious effects.Key words: Brassica campestris, Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Brassica hirta, rapeseed, mustard, crop residue, phytotoxicity

The nitrogen and non-nitrogen rotation benefits of pea to succeeding crops

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Stevenson ◽  
C. van Kessel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
A Value ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Consistent Response

The inclusion of a pulse crop in a rotation often leads to greater seed yields in the succeeding cereal crop. Two rotations were established at three sites in 1993 to examine the N and non-N rotation benefits of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to the subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) then oilseed crops. Wheat seed yield was 43% greater (rotation benefit) when preceded by pea rather than wheat, a consistent response among sites. Six to fourteen kg ha−1 of the extra 27 kg ha−1 of N accumulated by wheat in the pea–wheat rotation was derived from the additional N derived from pea residue. The additional soil N availability in the pea–wheat rotation, as indicated by the A-value, explained 8% of the rotation effect on seed yield (N benefit). The remaining 92% of the yield advantage in the pea–wheat rotation was attributed to non-N rotation benefit. The yield of the oilseed crop following the pea–wheat phase of the rotation did not differ from that following the wheat–wheat phase. The influence of growing conditions and cropping history on the magnitude of the N to non-N rotation benefits, and the contribution of different non-N effects, should be investigated further. Key words: Rotation benefit, pea, wheat, residue N, non-N benefit

Short Communication: Comparative effect of lodging on seed yield of flax and wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Vera ◽  
S. D. Duguid ◽  
S. L. Fox ◽  
K. Y. Rashid ◽  
J. C. P. Dribnenki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L

Vera, C. L., Duguid, S. D., Fox, S. L., Rashid, K. Y., Dribnenki, J. C. P. and Clarke, F. R. 2012. Short Communication: Comparative effect of lodging on seed yield of flax and wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 39–43. Lodging may limit crop productivity and hinder the normal process of harvesting crops. Results from 16 yr (1994–2009) of the Flax Co-operative test and from 29 yr (1981–2009) of the Central Bread Wheat Co-operative test, conducted annually for the evaluation of advanced breeding lines at various locations in the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, were used to determine the effect of lodging on the seed yield of these two crop species. Seed yield data were regressed on corresponding lodging scores (1–9 scale) collected from field evaluations. Lodging was more frequently a problem in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) than in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), with average seed yield reductions of 32% and 16%, respectively, when lodging was most severe. Disease has been observed in association with the occurrence of lodging in flax. Further research is necessary to elucidate the participation of airborne and soil microorganisms, particularly pasmo, caused by Septoria linicola (Speg.) Garassini, in the mode and degree to which flax is subjected to, and affected by, lodging.

scholarly journals THE ZINC FERTILITY OF SASKATCHEWAN SOILS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. SINGH ◽  
J. W. B. STEWART ◽  
R. E. KARAMANOS
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Extractable Zn

Current criteria for predicting zinc (Zn) deficiency in Saskatchewan soils are based on DTPA-extractable Zn values. DTPA-extractable Zn levels in 12% of 1200 samples taken across Saskatchewan contained less than 0.5 mg Zn kg−1 soil and would be classified as potentially Zn deficient. However, 23 field trials in 1982, 1983 and 1984 with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), lentils (Lens esculenta Moench.), peas (Pisum sativum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), corn (Zea mays L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) produced only one significant response to Zn fertilization. No yield benefits due to either annual or residual application of Zn fertilizer were obtained even on high lime soils or those containing DTPA-extractable Zn levels below 0.5 mg kg−1 soil. Hence, current soil criteria to identify Zn deficiencies under the prevailing cropping systems must be revised to reflect these findings. Key words: DTPA-extractable Zn, crop response, critical level

BENAZOLIN FOR SELECTIVE WEED CONTROL IN WHEAT AND OILSEED CROPS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. MOLBERG ◽  
M. A. ASHRAFF
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Growing Conditions

In field tests conducted between 1963 and 1969, wheat, Triticum aestivum L., flax, Linum usitatissimum L., Argentine rape, B. assica napus L., and Polish rape, B. campestris L., were tolerant to benazolin (4-chloro-2-oxo-3-benzothiazolineacetic acid). Wild mustard, Sinapia arvensis L., and redroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L., were controlled. Control of other weeds encountered in these tests was usually unsatisfactory. There was sufficient difference in tolerance of wild mustard and both species of rape to make selective control possible. In years when growing conditions were favorable, benazolin gave good control of wild mustard in rape at 0.56 kg/ha. When crop stands were poor due to dry, unfavorable weather a rate of 0.84 kg/ha was required. This sometimes caused light but visible injury to the rape, although crop yields were not significantly reduced. The selective properties of benazolin may make it possible to grow rape on land infested with wild mustard.

EFFECTS OF VOLUNTEER WHEAT AND BARLEY ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF FLAX

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
LYLE FRIESEN ◽  
IAN N. MORRISON ◽  
GEORGE MARSHALL ◽  
WESLEY ROTHER
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Intermediate Density

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 to determine the effects of increasing densities (0–70 plants m−2) of volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Neepawa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. Bonanza) on the growth and seed yield of flax (Linum usitatissimum L. Dufferin). Rectangular hyperbolic models were fitted to data using nonlinear regression analysis. Results indicated that both volunteer cereals severely reduced flax biomass and yield, with volunteer barley interference causing greater losses than volunteer wheat at equivalent densities. From the regression equations it was calculated that an intermediate density of 30 volunteer wheat plants m−2 reduced the yield of flax by 49% in 1982 and 53% in 1983, whereas an equivalent density of volunteer barley plants reduced flax yields by 56% in 1982 and 67% in 1983.Key words: Competition, flax, volunteer wheat, volunteer barley, rectangular hyperbola, yield loss

The effect of time and rate of N application on the yield and N uptake of wheat, barley, flax and four cultivars of rapeseed

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Nuttall ◽  
S. S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
N Application ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer

Field experiments were conducted for 3 yr on a Black Chernozemic soil at Melfort in northeastern Saskatchewan to determine the yield response and N uptake of seven crop/cultivars to autumn and spring applied N. The crop/cultivars were, rapeseed (Brassica napus L. 'Midas' and 'Target'; Brassica campestris L. 'Torch' and 'Echo'); wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Manitou'); barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Conquest') and flax (Linum usitatissimum L. 'Noralta') (main plots). Ammonium nitrate fertilizer treatments consisted of three rates of autumn broadcast N, 0, 34 and 67 kg N ha−1 (subplots), combined with N at 0, 11, 22, 45, 67 and 134 kg N ha−1 side-banded with seed in the spring (subsubplots). At the 67 kg N ha−1 rate, autumn application was inferior to spring application in increasing grain yield and N uptake for three of the seven crops (Torch and Echo rapeseed and Manitou wheat). Nitrogen fertilizer applied at 134 kg N ha−1 in spring produced grain yields that were not significantly higher than the split application of 67 kg N ha−1 applied in autumn and 67 kg N ha−1 applied in spring. All crops responded to spring applied N and continued to increase in yield up to the high rates of 67 or 134 kg N ha−1. Key words: Time of N application, N, crops, cultivars

scholarly journals Biplot Approach for Identification of Heterotic Crosses in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Rastogi ◽  
Brij Kishore Mishra ◽  
Mrinalini Srivastava ◽  
Ameena Siddiqui ◽  
Sudhir Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Plant Test ◽  
Commercial Crop ◽  
Half Diallel

In India, among nonedible oilseed crops, linseed is a commercial crop having tremendous economic and industrial importance. The seed production is low due to limited resources, so the development of high-yielding lines with desirable characters is urgently needed. In the present study seven parents' half diallel data was subjected to biplot analysis to identify the heterotic crosses, genetically similar parents, and to study their interrelationship. Parent Sln-Ys with A-79 and A-03 with A-79 for capsules per plant and seed yield, parent Mukta with Sln-Ys and Mukta with BAU-45 for seeds per capsule, and parents Mukta, A-103, A-79 and A-94 for test weight had lowest correlation. Parent B [Mukta] and F [A-79] were good general combiner for all the traits. The crosses F [A-79]  ×  A [Sln-Ys] and D [A-03]  ×  F [A-79] for capsules per plant, test weight and seed yield per plant, cross D [A-03]  ×  A [Sln-Ys] for capsules per plant and test weight and cross D [A-03]  ×  F [A-79] for test weight and seed yield per plant were heterotic. None of the crosses were heterotic for seeds per capsule.

Crop rotations compared with continuous canola and wheat for crop production and fertilizer use over 6 yr

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabal S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

Local economic, logistic, soil, and weather conditions have made appropriate rotations vary from one area to another. Seed yield and fertilizer use in rotations were compared with continuous cropping for 6 yr in the southeast Peace region of Alberta, Canada. Canola (C) (Brassica napus L.), wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum L.), pea (P) (Pisum sativum L.), barley (B) (Hordeum vulgare L.), and flax (F) (Linum usitatissimum L.) were grown in 12 treatments [i.e., continuous canola (CC) and wheat (WW) and rotations of W–C, P–W–W, C–W–W, C–C–W, P–C–W, C–P–W, W–B–C, B–W–C, F–W–C, and F–C–W]. Canola yield increased with 1 or 2 yr breaks from canola. Within rotations, there was a trend to lower canola yield on canola stubble compared with other crop stubbles. Wheat yield was generally lower in WW than in rotations. Among rotations, wheat yield tended to be greater on pea stubble compared with canola, wheat, barley, and flax stubbles. Averaged over 2010–2015, the canola yield benefit from rotations was 0.632 Mg ha−1 (19.4%) over CC and the wheat yield benefit from rotations was 0.313 Mg ha−1 (7.2%) over WW. Nitrogen saving was observed when pea was included in rotation.

Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. II.* Effects on plant water relations

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Fischer ◽  
M Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Water Relations ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Drought Intensity ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Field Plots

We studied cultivar and drought effects on the water relations of a large set of cultivars of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (T. turgidum), triticale (X Tritosecale Wittmack) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), grown in field plots in north-western Mexico in the presence and absence of simulated late drought. Leaf water potential (Ψ) and osmotic potential (π), and leaf permeability (LP) to viscous air flow were measured between 1000 and 1600 hours on many dates; leaf turgor potential (p) was calculated. Drought caused associated reductions in Ψ, π and LP. Cultivar effects on these variables were usually significant on given dates, and reasonably consistent between dates and drought intensities in the case of Ψ, but less so for π and LP. There were consistent positive phenotypic correlations between Ψ and LP, and Ψ and anthesis date, and a negative correlation between Ψ and stature in the absence of drought. The relationship of LP to Ψ for different cultivars differed significantly: in particular, tall bread wheats had lower LP than dwarf cultivars at high values of Ψ, whereas at low Ψ they had higher LP than the dwarf cultivars. There was general osmotic adjustment, and a tendency for the relationship of p to Ψ to vary between cultivars. Irrespective of statistical significance, the effects of cultivar were generally small relative to those of drought intensity.

EFFECT OF SUMMERFALLOWING AND ROTATION ON YIELD OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND FLAX

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. AUSTENSON ◽  
A. WENHARDT ◽  
W. J. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Excessive Competition ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Second Year

Yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) were studied in various rotations over a 13-year period. During this time precipitation averaged about 10% below long term means. Wheat yields in the second year after fallow averaged about 75% of the yield in the first year after fallow, and were more variable. Continuous wheat failed in 2 years out of 13 because of excessive competition from weeds. Because of these failures, continuous wheat yields were extremely variable and averaged 55% of fallow yield. Barley performed in much the same way as wheat, except that the yield of barley was no more erratic on stubble land than on fallow. Wheat and barley yields were unaffected by other crops growing in 3-year rotations. Flax yields were depressed following flax, whether a year of fallow intervened or not. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) depressed wheat yield in the first crop after breaking, even though a full year of summerfallow preceded the wheat. Alfalfa with bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and bromegrass alone, did not affect wheat yields significantly.

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