Short Communication: Comparative effect of lodging on seed yield of flax and wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Vera ◽  
S. D. Duguid ◽  
S. L. Fox ◽  
K. Y. Rashid ◽  
J. C. P. Dribnenki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L

Vera, C. L., Duguid, S. D., Fox, S. L., Rashid, K. Y., Dribnenki, J. C. P. and Clarke, F. R. 2012. Short Communication: Comparative effect of lodging on seed yield of flax and wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 39–43. Lodging may limit crop productivity and hinder the normal process of harvesting crops. Results from 16 yr (1994–2009) of the Flax Co-operative test and from 29 yr (1981–2009) of the Central Bread Wheat Co-operative test, conducted annually for the evaluation of advanced breeding lines at various locations in the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada, were used to determine the effect of lodging on the seed yield of these two crop species. Seed yield data were regressed on corresponding lodging scores (1–9 scale) collected from field evaluations. Lodging was more frequently a problem in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) than in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), with average seed yield reductions of 32% and 16%, respectively, when lodging was most severe. Disease has been observed in association with the occurrence of lodging in flax. Further research is necessary to elucidate the participation of airborne and soil microorganisms, particularly pasmo, caused by Septoria linicola (Speg.) Garassini, in the mode and degree to which flax is subjected to, and affected by, lodging.

scholarly journals Development of Optimized Phenomic Predictors for Efficient Plant Breeding Decisions Using Phenomic-Assisted Selection in Soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Parmley ◽  
Koushik Nagasubramanian ◽  
Soumik Sarkar ◽  
Baskar Ganapathysubramanian ◽  
Asheesh K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Sensor Package ◽  
Made In

The rate of advancement made in phenomic-assisted breeding methodologies has lagged those of genomic-assisted techniques, which is now a critical component of mainstream cultivar development pipelines. However, advancements made in phenotyping technologies have empowered plant scientists with affordable high-dimensional datasets to optimize the operational efficiencies of breeding programs. Phenomic and seed yield data was collected across six environments for a panel of 292 soybean accessions with varying genetic improvements. Random forest, a machine learning (ML) algorithm, was used to map complex relationships between phenomic traits and seed yield and prediction performance assessed using two cross-validation (CV) scenarios consistent with breeding challenges. To develop a prescriptive sensor package for future high-throughput phenotyping deployment to meet breeding objectives, feature importance in tandem with a genetic algorithm (GA) technique allowed selection of a subset of phenotypic traits, specifically optimal wavebands. The results illuminated the capability of fusing ML and optimization techniques to identify a suite of in-season phenomic traits that will allow breeding programs to decrease the dependence on resource-intensive end-season phenotyping (e.g., seed yield harvest). While we illustrate with soybean, this study establishes a template for deploying multitrait phenomic prediction that is easily amendable to any crop species and any breeding objective.

Influence of previous crop type on yield of spring wheat: Analysis of commercial field data

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Bourgeois ◽  
Martin H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
One Year

Although rotational benefits of non-cereal crops have been observed in small plot research trials few quantitative data are available on a field scale. In this study, field data of farmers from the Manitoba Crop Insurance Corporation were analysed to compare yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) following different crops. The yield of wheat following wheat was used as a basis of comparison among crop sequences. The yield data were collected between 1982 and 1993 from fields 64 ha in size, located throughout the province of Manitoba. During this period, the yield of wheat following flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), peas (Pisum sativum L.), and canola (Brassica napus L.), on average was 16%, 11%, and 8% higher, respectively, than wheat following wheat. In one year, the yield of wheat was increased by as much as 41% following a field pea crop. Key words: Crop rotation, barley, canola, flax, field pea, wheat

Crop rotational diversity impacts soil physical and hydrological properties under long-term no- and conventional-till soils

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alhameid ◽  
Jasdeep Singh ◽  
Udayakumar Sekaran ◽  
Ekrem Ozlu ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Crop Species

Diversification of crop species and minimum mechanical soil disturbance are the interlinked principles of conservation agriculture that are beneficial in improving soil physical and hydrological properties, and hence crop productivity. The present study was conducted to assess the long-term impacts of crop rotational diversity and tillage on soil water infiltration (qs), soil water retention (SWR), pore size distribution (PSD), bulk density (ρb) and soil penetration resistance (SPR). The study was established in 1991 at Beresford, South Dakota, and included three crop rotation systems (2-year, maize (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.); 3-year, maize–soybean–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); and 4-year, maize–soybean–wheat–oat (Avena sativa L.)) and two tillage systems (NT, no-tillage; and CT, conventional tillage). Soil samples were collected only under maize and soybean phases of the crop rotations. Our results showed that NT with 4-year rotation had the lowest ρb under maize and soybean phases (1.21 and 1.19 g cm–3 respectively) compared with the CT system. Similarly, NT with 4-year rotation decreased SPR by 20% compared to CT with 4-year rotation in the soybean phase. Soils managed under NT with 4-year rotation in the soybean phase retained 27, 28, 28, 32, 33, 31 and 26% more water compared with CT and 4-year system at 0–7.5 cm depth at 0, –0.4, –1.0, –2.5, –5.0, –10 and –30 kPa matric potentials respectively. A similar trend was observed for qs under the same treatments, in which it was 31% higher under NT than under CT, both with 4-year rotation. Data from this study showed that diversified crop rotation under NT enhanced soil physical and hydrological properties compared with CT with less diverse systems (e.g. maize–soybean).

DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF VOLUNTEER Brassica ON PRODUCTION OF CERTAIN CEREAL AND OILSEED CROPS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. VERA ◽  
D. I. McGREGOR ◽  
R. K. DOWNEY
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Brassica Hirta ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Mustard Crop ◽  
Field Plots

Variable amounts (up to 1.04 t dry wt ha−1) of herbage from seedlings of cultivars from four Brassica species (B. campestris L., B. napus L., B. hirta Moench and B. juncea (L.) Coss.) and straw and chaff (5 t ha−1) of B. campestris were incorporated into field plots to investigate the effect on subsequent stand establishment and seed yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and rapeseed (B. campestris). The amounts of plant material incorporated were considered representative of straw and chaff which might be deposited at harvest, or herbage which could originate from postharvest volunteer germination. Brassica herbage reduced stand establishment and seed yield of the oilseeds to a greater extent (65 and 53%, respectively) than that of the cereals (17 and 23%, respectively). Among the cereals, barley was the most affected, while oats did not show significant reductions of stand or yield. Generally the type of Brassica used to produce herbage did not influence the reduction of stand establishment or seed yield. Incorporation of straw and chaff of rapeseed in some instances resulted in reduced plant stands but did not show deleterious effects on seed yield, and in one case resulted in an increase in yield. For comparison, the effect of incorporating barley herbage on stand establishment and seed yield of barley and flax was also investigated. Incorporation of barley herbage also resulted in reduction of stand establishment (21%) and seed yield (26%) of subsequent crops, although its effect on stand establishment was less pronounced than for Brassica herbage (44%). It is recommended that a cereal, in particular oats, follow rapeseed or mustard in the crop rotation in order to avoid losses from deleterious effects.Key words: Brassica campestris, Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Brassica hirta, rapeseed, mustard, crop residue, phytotoxicity

Combining ability and heterosis studies across environments in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sood ◽  
N. Kalia ◽  
S. Bhateria
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Fibre Yield

Combining ability and heterosis were calculated for fourteen lines of linseed in a line × tester mating design using twelve lines and two diverse testers in two different environments. The hybrids and parental lines were raised in a completely randomized block design with three replications to investigate seed and fibre yield and their component traits. Genetic variation was significant for most of the traits over environments. Combining ability studies revealed that the lines KL-221 and LCK-9826 were good general combiners for seed yield and most of its components, whereas LMH-62 and LC-2323 were good general combiners for yield components only. Moreover, KL-221 was also a good general combiner for fibre yield. Similarly, B-509 and Ariane were good general combiners for fibre yield and most of its components. Among the specific cross combinations, B-509 × Flak-1 was outstanding for seed yield per plant and B-509 × KL-187 and LC-2323 × LCK-9826 for fibre yield per plant, with high SCA effects. In general, the hybrids excelled their respective parents and the standard checks for most of the characters studied. Based on the comparison of mean performance, SCA effects and the extent of heterosis, the hybrids LC-2323 × LCK-9826 and B-509 × KL-221 appeared to be the most promising for both seed and fibre yield. Other promising combinations were LC-2323 × KL-210 and B-509 × Ariane for seed and fibre yield, respectively. The superiority of LC-2323, LCK-9826, KL-221, B-509 and Ariane as good general combiners was further confirmed by the involvement of these parents in the desirable cross combinations.

Iron Deficiency Chlorosis and Seed Yield in Dry Edible Beans Grown on High-pH Calcareous Soils

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 444f-445
Author(s):  
J.W. Gonzales ◽  
D.P. Coyne ◽  
W.W. Stroup
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Iron Deficiency Chlorosis ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Ph ◽  
The Third ◽  
Content Index

Iron deficiency chlorosis (FeDC) can cause significant seed yield reduction in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown on high-pH calcareous soils. To determine the effects of FeDC on seed yield, and the effect of Fe-spray as a correction factor for FeDC, 22 breeding lines/cultivars were planted on high-pH (8.0), calcareous (3.2–3.5 calcium carbonate equivalent), and low-Fe (1.8–4.2 ppm DTPA) sandy clay loam Tripp soils at Mitchell and Scottsbluff in western Nebraska. A split-plot design was used with Fe treatments as main plots and breeding lines/cultivars as subplots. Three foliar sprays of Fe-EDDHA (2.4 kg·ha–1) were applied at V4, R5, and R7 dry bean growth stages, during 1996 and 1997. Leaf chlorosis was measured simultaneously by using a Minolta Chroma-meter (CIE L* a* b* color space system), a Minolta Chlorophyll-meter (chlorophyll content index), and by visual ratings (1 = normal green to 5 = severe chlorosis). In 1996 no significant Fe-spray × line interaction (P = 0.776) and Fe-spray effect (P = 0.884) on seed yield was observed. Breeding lines showed significant differences in seed yield (P = 0.0001) with WM2-96-5 being the highest-yielding line (4047 kg·ha–1). In 1997 a significant Fe spray × line interaction (P = 0.029) was observed. The cultivar Chase without Fe spray (3375 kg·ha–1), and lines WM2-96-5 (3281 kg·ha–1), WM2-96-8 (3171 kg·ha–1) with Fe spray were the highest yielding entries under those treatments. Differences in visual ratings after the third Fe spray in 1997 were significant (P = 0.004) for Fe spray × line interaction. In 1996 visual ratings were different only for breeding lines. Chlorophyll content index showed a significant Fe spray × line interaction after the second Fe spray (P = 0.022) and after the third Fe spray (P = 0.0003) in 1997.

Characterization of elite bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm for spot blotch Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Deep Shikha ◽  
Chandani Latwal ◽  
Elangbam Premabati Devi ◽  
Anupama Singh ◽  
Pawan K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Abstract Genetic resources are of paramount importance for developing improved crop varieties, particularly for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Spot blotch (SB) is a destructive foliar disease of wheat prevalent in warm and humid regions of the world, especially in the eastern parts of South Asia. For the management of this disease, the most effective measure is the development of resistant cultivars. Thus, the present investigation was carried out to confirm SB resistance in 200 germplasm accessions based on phenotypic observations and molecular characterization. These elite breeding lines obtained from the International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement, Mexico, are developed deploying multiple parentages. These lines were screened for SB resistance in the field under artificially created epiphytotic conditions during 2014–15 and 2015–16 along with two susceptible checks (CIANO T79 and Sonalika) and two resistant checks (Chirya 3 and Francolin). Eighty-two out of 200 germplasm accessions were found resistant to SB and resistance in these lines was confirmed with a specific SSR marker Xgwm148. Three accessions, VORONA/CNO79, KAUZ*3//DOVE/BUC and JUP/BJY//URES/3/HD2206/HORK//BUC/BUL were observed possessing better resistance than the well-known SB-resistant genotype Chirya3. These newly identified resistant lines could be used by wheat breeders for developing SB-resistant wheat varieties.

scholarly journals Composition of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their effects on the rheological properties of dough

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 641-652
Author(s):  
Sławomir Franaszek ◽  
Bolesław Salmanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Capillary Zone

Abstract The main purpose of this research was the identification and characterization of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) composition in common wheat and the determination of the effect of these proteins on the rheological properties of dough. The use of capillary zone electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography has made it possible to identify four alleles in the Glu-A3 and Glu-D3 loci and seven alleles in the Glu-B3 locus, encoding LMW-GSs in 70 varieties and breeding lines of wheat tested. To determine the technological quality of dough, analyses were performed at the microscale using a TA.XT Plus Texture Analyzer. Wheat varieties containing the Glu-3 loci scheme (Glu-A3b, Glu-A3f at the Glu-A3 locus; Glu-B3a, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3d, Glu-B3h at the Glu-B3 locus; Glu-D3a, Glu-D3c at the Glu-D3 locus) determined the most beneficial quality parameters.

Comparison of pre-treatments for inducing germination in highly dormant wheat genotypes

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Matus-Cádiz ◽  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Pre Treatment

An effective dormancy-breaking method may be of interest to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders selecting for increased seed dormancy prior to advancing their populations in greenhouse grow-outs. The objective of this study was to identify an effective pre-treatment for breaking dormancy in wheat that did not result in seedling etiolation. In 2000, eight dormant (W98616, line 211, EMDR-4, EMDR-9, EMDR-14, RL4137, Columbus, and AC Domain) and one nondormant line (Roblin) were grown at two locations in Saskatchewan. Seeds were: (i) stored for zero to 21 wks at 24°C before incubating at 20°C for 7 d; (ii) incubated at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C for 14 d; and (iii) treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.0006 and 0.0014 M), potassium nitrate (KNO3) (0.01 and 0.02 M), chilling, heating, chilling with 0.01 M KNO3, and heating with 0.01 M KNO3 before incubating at 10°C for 14 d. Seedling growth was observed in a duplicated growth chamber experiment. Seedling length, first inter-node length, and biomass yield data were collected from plants grown from seeds treated with four effective pretreatments. Data were subjected to an ANOVA. Six to 18 weeks of storage at 24°C were required to break the dormancy (≥ 95% germination) in dormant genotypes. Incubation at 10°C was the most effective temperature for promoting germination in dormant seeds after 10d of testing. Four pre-treatments including 0.0006 M GA3, 0.0014 M GA3, chilling with 0.01 M KNO3, and heating with 0.01 M KNO3 led to ≥ 95% germination within 10 d of testing. Only GA3 treatments were associated with etiolated seedling growth. Heating with 0.01 M KNO3 or chilling with 0.01 M KNO3, applied before incubating at 10°C in darkness, may be of interest to breeders selecting for increased dormancy before advancing breeding populations in greenhouse grow-outs. Key words: Triticum, dormancy, nitrate, chilling, heating, etiolated seedling

Participatory soil quality assessment: The case of smallholder farmers in Ethiopian highlands

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teklu Erkossa ◽  
Karl Stahr ◽  
Thomas Gaiser
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Soil Quality Assessment

The study was conducted at Caffee Doonsa (08°88′N, 39°08′E; 2400 m asl), a small watershed in the central highlands of Ethiopia, in order to identify farmers’ goals of soil management and the indicators they use in selecting soils for a certain function, and to categorise the soils in different quality groups with respect to the major functions. Thirty-six male farmers of different age and wealth groups participated in a Participatory Rural Appraisal technique. They listed and prioritised 12 soil functions in the area and itemised the soil quality indicators (characteristics). Based on the indicators, the soils in the watershed were classified into 3 soil quality (SQ) groups (Abolse, Kooticha, and Carii). The SQ groups have been evaluated and ranked for the major soil functions. For crop production, Abolse was graded best, followed by Kooticha and Carii, respectively. The grain and straw yield data of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) taken from the SQ groups confirmed the farmers claim, in that Abolse gave the highest grain yield (4573 kg/ha), followed by 4411 and 3657 kg/ha for Kooticha and Carii, respectively. Local insights should be included in systematic soil quality assessment, and in planning and implementation of various soil management interventions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document