The effect of time and rate of N application on the yield and N uptake of wheat, barley, flax and four cultivars of rapeseed

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Nuttall ◽  
S. S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
N Application ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer

Field experiments were conducted for 3 yr on a Black Chernozemic soil at Melfort in northeastern Saskatchewan to determine the yield response and N uptake of seven crop/cultivars to autumn and spring applied N. The crop/cultivars were, rapeseed (Brassica napus L. 'Midas' and 'Target'; Brassica campestris L. 'Torch' and 'Echo'); wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Manitou'); barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Conquest') and flax (Linum usitatissimum L. 'Noralta') (main plots). Ammonium nitrate fertilizer treatments consisted of three rates of autumn broadcast N, 0, 34 and 67 kg N ha−1 (subplots), combined with N at 0, 11, 22, 45, 67 and 134 kg N ha−1 side-banded with seed in the spring (subsubplots). At the 67 kg N ha−1 rate, autumn application was inferior to spring application in increasing grain yield and N uptake for three of the seven crops (Torch and Echo rapeseed and Manitou wheat). Nitrogen fertilizer applied at 134 kg N ha−1 in spring produced grain yields that were not significantly higher than the split application of 67 kg N ha−1 applied in autumn and 67 kg N ha−1 applied in spring. All crops responded to spring applied N and continued to increase in yield up to the high rates of 67 or 134 kg N ha−1. Key words: Time of N application, N, crops, cultivars

AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF FLAX GROWN ON CANOLA, BARLEY AND FLAX STUBBLE WITH AND WITHOUT TILLAGE PRIOR TO SEEDING

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. GUBBELS ◽  
E. O. KENASCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of mature crop residues and volunteer seedling residues of canola (Brassica napus L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) on the growth and yield of subsequent flax crops seeded after conventional tillage. A second set of field experiments was also conducted which included both flax and barley as test crops on canola and barley stubble and included an additional comparison between conventional tillage and no tillage. Flax yields were generally lower on canola and flax stubble than on barley stubble with conventional tillage before seeding. Averaged over 6 yr the reduction was 9% on canola stubble. With no tillage prior to seeding, flax yielded as well on canola as on barley stubble. Spring volunteer seedlings of canola and flax often reduced flax yields but fall volunteer growth had no marked effect. Barley yielded better on canola than on its own stubble, and tended to yield better with tillage prior to seeding than without.Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., crop residues, phytotoxins, tillage practices

scholarly journals Spatial Variability of Nitrogen Uptake and Net Removal and Actual Evapotranspiration in the California Desert Carrot Production System

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Aliasghar Montazar ◽  
Daniel Geisseler ◽  
Michael Cahn
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Wide Range

Nitrogen (N) and irrigation water must be effectively used in mineral soils to produce carrots with high yield and minimal environmental impact. This study attempts to identify optimal N and irrigation management practices for low desert carrot production in California by investigating consumptive water use and N uptake and removal rates in fresh market and processing carrots. Field experiments were conducted at the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center and nine farmer fields during two growing seasons. The actual evapotranspiration (ETa) was measured using the residual energy balance method with a combination of surface renewal and eddy covariance equipment. Crop canopy coverage, actual soil nitrate-N from multiple depths as well as total N percentage, dry matter, and fresh biomass in roots and tops were measured over the growing seasons. The length of the crop season had a wide range amongst the experimental sites: from a 128-day period in a processing carrot field to as long as 193 days in a fresh market carrot field. The seasonal ETa varied between 305.8 mm at a silty loam furrow irrigated processing carrot field and 486.2 mm at a sandy clay loam sprinkler irrigated fresh market field. The total N accumulated at harvest ranged between 205.4 kg ha−1 (nearly 52% in roots) and 350.5 kg ha−1 (nearly 64% in roots). While the mean value of nitrogen removed by carrot roots varied from 1.24 to 1.73 kg N/Mg carrot roots, it appears that more N was applied than was removed by carrot roots at all sites. Within the range of N application rates examined at the experimental sites, there was no significant relationship between carrot fresh root yield and N application rate, although the results suggested a positive effect of N application on carrot yield. Sufficient soil N availability over the growing season and the lack of significant yield response to N application illuminated that optimal N rates are likely less than the total amounts of N applied at most sites.

EFFECTS OF VOLUNTEER WHEAT AND BARLEY ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF FLAX

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
LYLE FRIESEN ◽  
IAN N. MORRISON ◽  
GEORGE MARSHALL ◽  
WESLEY ROTHER
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Intermediate Density

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 to determine the effects of increasing densities (0–70 plants m−2) of volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Neepawa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. Bonanza) on the growth and seed yield of flax (Linum usitatissimum L. Dufferin). Rectangular hyperbolic models were fitted to data using nonlinear regression analysis. Results indicated that both volunteer cereals severely reduced flax biomass and yield, with volunteer barley interference causing greater losses than volunteer wheat at equivalent densities. From the regression equations it was calculated that an intermediate density of 30 volunteer wheat plants m−2 reduced the yield of flax by 49% in 1982 and 53% in 1983, whereas an equivalent density of volunteer barley plants reduced flax yields by 56% in 1982 and 67% in 1983.Key words: Competition, flax, volunteer wheat, volunteer barley, rectangular hyperbola, yield loss

CONTROL OF BARLEY AND WHEAT IN CANOLA WITH BAS 9052

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. P. CHOW ◽  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN ◽  
J. H. HUNTER ◽  
K. J. KIRKLAND
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Seed Yields

Control of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) at Brandon and Lacombe, and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Regina and Scott, in Canola (Brassica campestris L. and Brassica napus L.) with postemergence (three- to four-leaf) applications of BAS 9052 (2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)-propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cylcohexen-1-one) mixed with Atplus 411F (0.5% vol/vol) were evaluated in 1979 and 1981. Control of barley and wheat was good to excellent with applications at 0.3 or 0.4 kg/ha and seed yields of canola were increased.Key words: Barley, wheat, canola, BAS 9052

EFFECTS OF ’VOLUNTEER’ WHEAT AND BARLEY ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF RAPESEED

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE MARSHALL ◽  
IAN N. MORRISON ◽  
LYLE FRIESEN ◽  
WESLEY ROTHER
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Linear Regression Coefficient ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Intermediate Density

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 to determine the effects of increasing densities (0–60 plants m−2) of ’volunteer’ wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Neepawa’) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Bonanza’) on the growth and seed yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ’Regent’). The results were plotted using linear regression analysis and described by the equation[Formula: see text]where y = biomass or yield (g m−2); b0 = intercept; b1 = linear regression coefficient and x1 = density of ’volunteer’ plants m−2. From the results obtained in 1982 and 1983, ’volunteer’ wheat interference reduced rapeseed yields as described by the equations[Formula: see text]and[Formula: see text]respectively. Similarly, the reduction in rapeseed yield in the two years caused by ’volunteer’ barley was described by the equations[Formula: see text]and[Formula: see text]Thus, an intermediate density of 30 ’volunteer’ wheat plants reduced the yield of rapeseed by approximately 17% in both years; whereas, an equivalent density of ’volunteer’ barley plants reduced rapeseed yields by approximately 27% in 1982 and 35% in 1983.Key words: Competition, rapeseed, volunteer, wheat, barley, yield loss

EFFECT OF SPRING SEEDLING RESIDUES ON THE AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SUBSEQUENT FLAX AND BARLEY CROPS SEEDED WITH AND WITHOUT PRIOR TILLAGE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. GUBBELS ◽  
E. O. KENASCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Barley Seedling ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of spring seedling residues of canola (Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and a weed mixture on the growth and yield of subsequent crops of flax and barley seeded after tillage of the seedling plots. Some treatments were also tested without tillage, the seedlings being killed with paraquat. The large quantities of spring seedling residues had variable effects on flax yields, resulting in increases in some years and decreases in others compared to seedling-free plots. Flax yields were generally reduced by canola, flax and weed seedling residues, and increased by barley seedling residue. Averaged over 6 yr, canola seedlings reduced flax yields by 2% and barley increased flax yields by 3% with conventional tillage. On the other hand, barley yields were reduced 7% by conola and 17% by barley seedling residues. Yields of flax and barley were higher without than with tillage of the seedlings prior to seeding. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of the seedling residues on soil crusting, toxic compounds in the residues and toxic compounds formed during decomposition of the residues.Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., barley, Hordeum vulgare L., plant residues, tillage systems

Evaluation of different nitrogen use efficiency indices using field-grown green bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L Van
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Use Efficiency

The effects of increasing nitrogen (N) fertilization on N use efficiency (NUE) and yield of green bell pepper were assessed in five field experiments over 2004 and 2005. These data were used to evaluate and contrast conclusions drawn from among 12 different NUE indices. In two diferent years (i.e., cool/wet vs. warm/dry), marketable yield response to N application was either positive or no response was observed. Total percent N in the fruit and shoot was lower in non-fertilized plants compared with plants grown in plots that received 70 or 210 kg N ha-1. There were considerable differences among locations in soil mineral N, yield, NUE, and plant N uptake and removal. For all eight fertilizer- and soil-based NUE indices assessed, NUE decreased as N application increased. However, for plant-based NUE indices, there was no difference in NUE values between N treatments. Thus, the interpretation and applicability of NUE depends on the goals of the research and the index used. Key words: Nutrient use efficiency, green bell peppers, harvest index, nitrogen, fertilizer, vegetable

Crop rotations compared with continuous canola and wheat for crop production and fertilizer use over 6 yr

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1139-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabal S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

Local economic, logistic, soil, and weather conditions have made appropriate rotations vary from one area to another. Seed yield and fertilizer use in rotations were compared with continuous cropping for 6 yr in the southeast Peace region of Alberta, Canada. Canola (C) (Brassica napus L.), wheat (W) (Triticum aestivum L.), pea (P) (Pisum sativum L.), barley (B) (Hordeum vulgare L.), and flax (F) (Linum usitatissimum L.) were grown in 12 treatments [i.e., continuous canola (CC) and wheat (WW) and rotations of W–C, P–W–W, C–W–W, C–C–W, P–C–W, C–P–W, W–B–C, B–W–C, F–W–C, and F–C–W]. Canola yield increased with 1 or 2 yr breaks from canola. Within rotations, there was a trend to lower canola yield on canola stubble compared with other crop stubbles. Wheat yield was generally lower in WW than in rotations. Among rotations, wheat yield tended to be greater on pea stubble compared with canola, wheat, barley, and flax stubbles. Averaged over 2010–2015, the canola yield benefit from rotations was 0.632 Mg ha−1 (19.4%) over CC and the wheat yield benefit from rotations was 0.313 Mg ha−1 (7.2%) over WW. Nitrogen saving was observed when pea was included in rotation.

scholarly journals Biosolids Benefit Yield and Nitrogen Uptake in Winter Cereals without Excess Risk of N Leaching

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Silvia Pampana ◽  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Iduna Arduini
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Winter Cereals

Winter cereals are excellent candidates for biosolid application because their nitrogen (N) requirement is high, they are broadly cultivated, and their deep root system efficiently takes up mineral N. However, potential N leaching from BS application can occur in Mediterranean soils. A two-year study was conducted to determine how biosolids affect biomass and grain yield as well as N uptake and N leaching in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and oat (Avena byzantina C. Koch). Cereals were fertilized at rates of 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha−1 dry weight (called B5, B10, and B15, respectively) of biosolids (BS). Mineral-fertilized (MF) and unfertilized (C) controls were included. Overall, results highlight that BS are valuable fertilizers for winter cereals as these showed higher yields with BS as compared to control. Nevertheless, whether 5 Mg ha−1 of biosolids could replace mineral fertilization still depended on the particular cereal due to the different yield physiology of the crops. Moreover, nitrate leaching from B5 was comparable to MF, and B15 increased the risk by less than 30 N-NO3 kg ha−1. We therefore concluded that with specific rate settings, biosolid application can sustain yields of winter cereals without significant additional N leaching as compared to MF.

scholarly journals Fall and spring seeding date effects on herbicide-tolerant canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
J. T. O’Donovan ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
L. M. Dosdall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Root Maggot ◽  
Crops Yield

More flexible and effective weed control with herbicide-tolerant B. napus canola allows for additional seeding management options, such as fall (dormant) and early spring (ES) seeding. Field experiments were conducted at Lacombe and Beaverlodge (1999–2001), Didsbury (1999–2000), and Lethbridge (2000–2001), Alberta, Canada, primarily to evaluate the effect of fall (late October-November), ES (late April-early May), and normal spring (NS) (ca. mid-May) seeding dates on glufosinate-, glyphosate-, and imidazolinone-tolerant canola development and yield. Fall seeding resulted in 46% lower plant density and nearly double the dockage than spring seeding. ES-seeded canola had 19% higher seed yield and 2.1% higher oil content than fall-seeded canola. ES seeding significantly increased yield compared to fall-seeded canola for 8 of 10 site -years or compared to NS seeding for 4 of 10 site-years; ES-seeded canola equalled the yield of NS-seeded canola for 6 of 10 site-years. Yield response to seeding date did not differ among herbicide-tolerant cultivars. Seeding date did not influence root maggot damage. Seeding canola as soon as possible in spring increases the likelihood of optimizing canola yield and quality compared to fall seeding and traditional spring seeding dates. Key words: Dormant seeding, seeding management, root maggot, herbicide-resistant crops, yield components, operational diversity

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