CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF PERENNIAL Bromus SPECIES COLLECTED IN THE USSR

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. ARMSTRONG
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Diploid Form

The chromosome number of accessions of Bromus inermis was 2n = 56 except for those from Chimkent which had 2n = 28, A diploid form (2n = 14) was also found near Chimkent and it is of importance because of its possible relationship to B. inermis or B. riparius. The accessions labelled as B. riparius were 2n = 70. Two accessions of B. benekenii had 2n = 28. The significance of several of these accessions is discussed briefly.Key words: Chromosome number, Bromus, perennial, tetraploid, diploid

STUDIES ON THE CYTOLOGY OF BROMEGRASS, BROMUS INERMIS LEYSS.

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Sigurbjörnsson ◽  
Akira Mochizuki ◽  
John D. Truscott
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Simultaneous Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Selection Of

A population of 222 plants of 16 varieties and strains of northern and southern bromegrass was studied for somatic chromosome number. The following observations were noted: Aneuploid plants, including the chromosome numbers 54, 55, 57 and 58, were found within the species, Bromus inermis. One plant was found to have 49 chromosomes. A cytological difference was found between certain varieties of northern and southern types of bromegrass. The northern type had a significantly higher number of aneuploid plants with chromosome numbers in excess of 56, while the southern type had more aneuploid plants with fewer than 56 chromosomes. Some evidence was found suggesting that selection of northern type strains may bring about a simultaneous selection for additional chromosomes, whereas selection for southern type strains may involve a simultaneous selection for plants with missing chromosomes. Average seed set was found to be lowered in the presence of two additional chromosomes or absence of two chromosomes from the euploid complement.

CHROMOSOME NUMBERS AND TAXONOMIC NOTES ON NORTHERN GRASSES: II. TRIBE FESTUCEAE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wray M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Numbers

Chromosome numbers and voucher specimens are recorded for some collections of the tribe FESTUCEAE Dumort., mainly collected in Canada. The somatic chromosome numbers of the following are recorded: (1a) Arctagrostis arundinacea (Trin.) Beal var. arundinacea, 2n = 28, 2n = 29, and 2n = 30; (1b) Arctagrostis arundinacea (Trin.) Beal var. crassispica Bowden, 2n = 56; (1c) Arctagrostis latifolia (R.Br.) Griseb., 2n = 56. (2) Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern., 2n = 14. (3) Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv., two vars., 2n = 22. (4a) Bromus ciliatus L., 2n = 14; (4b) Bromus inermis Leyss., two subspecies and two vars., 2n = 56; (4e) Bromus kalmii A. Gray, 2n = 14; (4d) Bromus porteri (Coult.) Nash, 2n = 14; (4c) Bromus tectorum L., 2n = 14. (5) Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. var. laurentiana Fern., 2n = 20. (6) Dactylis glomerata L., 2n = 28. (7) Distichlisstricta (Torr.) Rydb., 2n = 40. (8a) Dupontiafisheri R.Br, subsp. fisheri, 2n = 132; (8b) Dupontia fisheri R.Br, subsp. psilosantha (Rupr.) Hultén, 2n = 44. (9) Eremopoa persica (Trin.) Roshev., 2n = 28. (10a) Festuca altaica Trin., 2n = 28; (10b) Festuca baffinensis Polunin, 2n = 28; (10c) Festuca brachyphylla Schultes, 2n = 42 and one collection, 2n = 44; (10d) Festuca elatior L., 2n = 14; (10e) Festuca obtusa Bieler, 2n = 42; (10f) Festuca prolifera (Piper) Fern. var. lasiolepis Fern., 2n = 50; (10g) Festuca rubra L., 2n = 42; (10h) Festuca saximontana Rydb., 2n = 42; (10i)Festuca scabrella Torr. ex Hook., two vars., 2n = 56 and 2n = 28. (11a) Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batchelder, 2n = 20; (11b) Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin., 2n = 60; (11c) Glyceria grandis S. Wats., 2n = 20; (11d) Glyceria melicaria (Michx.) Hubb., 2n = 40; (11e) Glyceria pulchella (Nash) K. Schum., 2n = 20; (11f) Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc, 2n = 20; (11g) Glyceria × gatineauensis Bowden (G. melicaria × G. striata), 2n = 30; (11h)Glyceria × ottawensis Bowden (G. canadensis × G. striata), three nothomorphs, 2n = 42, 2n = 46, and 2n = 48. (12) Lolium rigidum Gaud., 2n = 14. (13a) Phippsiaalgida (Sol.) R.Br., 2n = 28; (13b) Phippsia concinna (Th. Fries) Lindeb., 2n = 28. (14) Pleuropogon sabinei R.Br., 2n = 42. (15) Schizachnepurpurascens (Torr.) Swallen, 2n = 20. (16) Torreyochloa fernaldii (Hitchc.) Church, 2n = 14.

scholarly journals New Contribution to the Knowledge on the Chromosome Numbers of Turkish Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Yavuz Koçak ◽  
Elmas Yağmur
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Count ◽  
Chromosomal Number ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Karyological Data ◽  
First Time

Information on the karyotypes of Turkish species of Cerambycidae is scanty. Our study contributes to the knowledge of the karyological data (chromosomal number and mechanism of sex determination) of five Turkish longicorn beetles; karyotypes of four taxa, one endemic, are described for the first time and for the remaining one, Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783), the previously published chromosome count is confirmed. The chromosome number of Purpuricenus desfontainii inhumeralis Pic, 1891 and Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783) (Cerambycinae, Trachyderini) was found to be 2n = 28 (13 + Xyp); Clytus rhamni Germar, 1817 and Plagionotus floralis (Pallas, 1773) (Cerambycinae, Clytini) 2n = 20 (9 + Xyp); and the endemic Dorcadion triste phrygicum Peks, 1993 (Lamiinae, Dorcadionini) 2n = 24 (11 + Xyp). In view of the paucity of data available until now, our study is important for both to improve the poor karyological knowledge of Turkish Cerambycidae and to provide an incentive for other researchers.

scholarly journals Karyotype Analysis of Alnus Mill. (Betulaceae) Species Originating From Northeastern Asia

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Jun ◽  
Ren Bao-Qing ◽  
Luo Peigao ◽  
Ren Zhenglong
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Karyotype Analysis ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Northeastern Asia ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Genetic Makeup ◽  
Fossil Records

Abstract Alnus Mill. (alder) is an ecologically valuable tree genus. It is essential to study its genetic makeup in order to use alder trees to their full potential. Five specimens from four Alnus species (A. mandshurica, A. pendula, A. sibirica, and A. sieboldiana), found in northeastern Asia, were subjected to karyotype analysis. The analysis showed that these tree samples could be divided into three categories based on chromosome numbers or ploidy levels: viz., 2n = (4x) = 28, 2n = (8x) = 56 and 2n = (16x) = 112. The differences in chromosome number and karyotype parameters among Alnus species and even within the same species possibly resulted from natural polyploidization. Comparing the chromosome numbers of Alnus species in China with those in Japan showed that there appear to be only two categories in China, whereas there are up to five categories in Japan. The earliest fossil records of Alnus pollen were also discovered in Japan. We conclude that the center origin of Alnus spp. is Japan rather than China.

The Chromosome Numbers and Nuclear Cytology of Some Common British Serpulids

1960 ◽  
Vol s3-101 (56) ◽  
pp. 395-400
Author(s):  
S. DASGUPTA ◽  
A. P. AUSTIN
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Diploid Chromosome Number ◽  
Iron Alum ◽  
Artificial Fertilization ◽  
Nuclear Cytology

The chromosome numbers of Hydroides norvegica, Mercierella enigmatica, and Pomatoceros triqueter were determined from squashes of somatic cells in young embryos obtained by artificial fertilization, and stained with iron-alum/aceto-carmine. All had a diploid count of zn = 26 chromosomes. Mitotic and meiotic divisions in the 5 species of Spirorbis examined, and in Filograna implexa, all revealed a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 20. A diploid chromosome number of 14 is suggested for the ancestral serpulid.

Chromosome studies on African plants. 9. Chromosome numbers in Ehrharta (Poaceae: Ehrharteae)

Bothalia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Spies ◽  
E. J. L. Saayman ◽  
S. P. Voges ◽  
G. Davidse
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
African Plants ◽  
First Time

Cytogenetic studies of 53 specimens of 14 species of the genus  Ehrharta Thunb. confirmed a basic chromosome number of 12 for the genus. Chromosome numbers for 13 species are described for the first time. The highest ploidy level yet observed in the genus (2n = lOx = 120) is reported for E. villosa var.  villosa. B chromosomes were observed in several specimens of four different species.

Cytology of somatic and gametangial nuclei in Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2055-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Stephenson ◽  
D. C. Erwin ◽  
J. V. Leary
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Reduction Division ◽  
Phytophthora Megasperma ◽  
Linear Alignment ◽  
Size Of Nuclei

Nuclear divisions in the hyphae and gametangia of Phytophthora capsici and in hyphae of Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae resembled those of typical mitosis. The chromosomal configurations in prophase are similar to classical angiosperm prophase configurations. However, in metaphase the linear alignment of chromosomes resembled the pattern reported in pollen tubes of Lilium and Tradescantia. The relative size of nuclei and numbers of chromosomes per nucleus remained constant during gametangial development. Somatic and gametangial nuclei were about equal in size and chromosome number. Chromosome numbers in somatic and gametangial nuclei of P. capsici and P. megasperma var. sojae were about six and eight, respectively. There was no evidence of reduction division in gametangia.

CHROMOSOME NUMBER, VOLUME AND NUCLEAR VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS IN A POLYPLOID SERIES (2X-20X) OF THE GENUS RUMEX

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 842-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ichikawa ◽  
A. H. Sparrow ◽  
C. Frankton ◽  
Anne F. Nauman ◽  
E. B. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nuclear Volume ◽  
Polyploid Series ◽  
Unidentified Species

Ninety-one acquisitions of the genus Rumex obtained from various sources were examined taxonomically and cytologically. These acquisitions included 36 species plus 2 unidentified species. The chromosome numbers counted were 2n = 14 (or 15), 16, 18, 20, 40, 42, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, ca. 170, 180 and ca. 200. The count of 2n = 180 made on one of the R. orbiculatus acquisitions is a new count for this genus, but other acquisitions had 160 and ca. 170. First counts were obtained for four species, R. frutescens (2n = 160), R. crystallinus (2n = 60), R. cristatus (2n = 80) and R. tenax (2n = 80). The count of 2n = 160 for R. frutescens is the highest chromosome number ever reported in the section Axillares. The chromosome numbers determined in R. palustris (2n = 60), R. confertus (2n = 100), R. arcticus (2n = 120) and R. aquaticus (2n = 140) differ from previously published counts. Our counts for eight other species support one of the previous counts where two or more counts are reported. It is shown that the species of the subgenus Acetosa sections Acetosa and Vesicarii and of the subgenus Platypodium have relatively large chromosomes, those of the subgenus Acetosa section Scutati and of the subgenus Acetosella have medium-sized chromosomes, and the members of the subgenus Rumex sections Axillares and Rumex have smaller chromosomes. The chromosomes of the diploid species of the section Rumex were larger than those of the polyploids (4x to 20x) of the same section. Within the section Rumex the log of nuclear volume increased with increasing ploidy, with an abrupt change (decrease) in slope between the 12x and 14x levels.

Karyotypes of Leptarrhena and Tanakaea (Saxifragaceae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Soltis
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Conservative Nature ◽  
Chromosomal Data ◽  
Base Chromosome Number ◽  
Flavonoid Chemistry

In an attempt to clarify subtribal relationships in tribe Saxifrageae, chromosome numbers and karyotypes were determined for the two species comprising subtribe Leptarrheninae: Leptarrhena pyrolifolia and Tanakaea radicans. In both species 2n = 14, a common chromosome number throughout Saxifrageae. The two species have distinctive karyotypes that appear to differ in the centromeric positions of three pairs of chromosomes. These findings, in conjunction with earlier studies, demonstrate that genera of Saxifrageae often differ karyotypically. Leptarrhena exhibits considerable karyotypic similarity to genera of subtribe Saxifraginae characterized by a base chromosome number of x = 7. Chromosomal data, therefore, do not clearly differentiate subtribes Saxifraginae and Leptarrheninae. This observation is in agreement with evidence from paly-nology and flavonoid chemistry. Karyotypic studies continue to demonstrate the conservative nature of chromosomal evolution in tribe Saxifrageae.

The mitotic chromosomes of Marsupials and their bearing on taxonomy and phylogeny.

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Sharman
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Separate Genus ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Related Group ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Potorous Tridactylus

Chromosome numbers of marsupials vary between 2n = 11 B 10 @ and 2n =24. Most species have 14 or 22 chromosomes. There is no evidence that polyploidy has occurred in marsupial evolution. The Dasyuridae have 12 metacentric autosomes, a small metacentric X-chromosome and a very small Y-chromosome (20% of living species have been studied) and the chromosomes of Myrmecobius fasciatus are typically like those of other Dasyuridae. The Peramelidae (30% of species have been studied) have chromosomes like the Dasyuridae except that X- and Y-chromosomes are much larger. The occurrence of similar chromosome numbers in Dasyuridae and Peramelidae is not necessarily evidence of affinity. The chromosomes of the Phascolomidae are similar in number and morphology to those of the Peramelidae and the resemblances are, almost certainly, due to parallel evolution. The chromosomes of Phascolarctos are unlike those of any of the Phalangeridae and this genus might be just as easily grouped with the Phascolomidae. The Phalangeridae have considerable chromosomal heterogeneity but less than 20% of species have been studied. Two species of Cercaertus have 12 metacentric autosomes and small sex chromosomes like all members of the Dasyuridae. This suggests that the primitive phalangers may have retained the chromosome number and morphology of possible dasyurid ancestors but the resemblances may be due to parallel evolution of similar chromosome number and morphology in separate groups. The chromosomes have been studied in more than 50% of Macropodinae. Cytological evidence suggests that Thylogale (3 species studied), Petrogale (2 species studied), and probably Lagorchestes (1 species studied), all with 22 chromosomes, are a related group. Onychogalea unguifer, with 20 chromosomes, may be derived from this group. There is no justification for the placing of Thylogale billardierii in the genus Protemnodon. Lagostrophus fasciatus has 2n = 24 and its placement in a monotypic genus is justified. Macropus major and all species of Protentnodon, except P. bicolor, are a related group with 16 chromosomes. M. robustus is possibly included in this group. M. rufus has 20 chromosomes and should perhaps be placed in the separate genus Megaleia. P. bicolor, with 11 chromosomes in the male and 10 in the female, differs from all other species of Protemnodon and this genus, as at present constituted, may be diphyletic. The relationships of P. bicolor are unknown. Setonix brachyurus has 22, mostly metacentric, chromosomes and its affinities are at present unknown. Three species of Bettongia (Potoroinae) have 22 chromosomes which are mostly metacentric. Hypsiprymnodon moschatus has 22 chromosomes which are mostly acrocentric. Both genera are very different cytologically from Potorous tridactylus.

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