RATE OF P UPTAKE BY ONIONS COMPARED WITH RATE OF PYROPHOSPHATE HYDROLYSIS IN ORGANIC SOILS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. PARENT ◽  
A. F. MACKENZIE ◽  
Y. PERRON
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Pyrophosphatase Activity ◽  
Pyrophosphate Hydrolysis ◽  
Humic Soil

The rate of phosphorus uptake by onions was compared to the rate of pyrophosphate hydrolysis in mesic (MSM) and humic soil materials (HSM). Dry matter production and P uptake were very small from seeding to leek stage but increased considerably toward bulb maturity. Pyrophosphate half-life was 2 days in the HSM and 4 wk in the MSM, since addition of Ca(OH)2 markedly decreased pyrophosphatase activity and amounts of non-retained pyrophosphate in the MSM. By the time of high P demand by the crop, pyrophosphate was completely hydrolyzed in the HSM and most of it was already hydrolyzed in the MSM. These results suggest comparable availability of orthophosphate and pyrophosphate for onions grown in organic soils.Key words: Allium cepa L., onion growth, polyphosphates, Histosol, pyrophosphatase activity

RATE OF PYROPHOSPHATE HYDROLYSIS IN ORGANIC SOILS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. PARENT ◽  
A. F. MacKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Pyrophosphatase Activity ◽  
Life Values ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Pyrophosphate Hydrolysis ◽  
Humic Soil

Twenty-four organic soil materials were selected in order to study pyrophosphatase activity and pyrophosphate retention and hydrolysis. The activation energy of pyrophosphate hydrolysis was 22 kJ∙mol−1 for virgin fibric soil materials and 33 kJ∙mol−1 for cultivated humic soil materials. Phosphatase and pyrophosphatase activities were highly correlated (r = 0.947**) and were promoted apparently by non-specific enzymes. Enzymatic activities varied from 11.6 to 148.1 mmol∙kg−1∙(2 h)−1, and were higher in virgin than in cultivated soil materials. Soil retention increased with an increase in ash content (r = 0.876**) and was apparently weak, as noted by complete pyrophosphate hydrolysis after 4–8 days of incubation. Half-life values of pyrophosphate incubated at room temperture varied from 0.1 to 3.7 days, and were highly correlated with enzymatic activities and levels of nonretained pyrophosphate. A regression model, involving an interaction between pyrophosphatase activity and level of nonretained pyrophosphate, accounted for 77% of the variation in log of half-life values of pyrophosphate in organic soil materials. Key words: Pyrophosphatase, phosphatase, pyrophosphate, half-life values, pyrophosphate retention

scholarly journals Grasses and legumes as cover crop in no-tillage system in northeastern Pará Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Alves Teixeira ◽  
Tatiana Gazel Soares ◽  
Antonio Rodrigues Fernandes ◽  
Anderson Martins de Souza Braz
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
No Till ◽  
Matter Production

Studies to select one or more species of coverage plants adapted to Amazonian soil and climate conditions of the Amazon are a promising strategy for the improvement of environmental quality, establishing no-till agricultural systems, and thereby reducing the impacts of monoculture farming. The aim of this study was to assess the persistence time, half-life time, macronutrient content and accumulation, and C:N ratio of straw coverage in a Ultisol in northeastern Pará. Experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and five replicates. Plants were harvested after 105 days, growth and biomass production was quantified. After 84 days, soil coverage was 97, 85, 52, 50, and 15% for signalgrass (Brachiaria brizantha) (syn. Urochloa), dense crowngrass (Panicum purpurascens), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformes), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea,), respectively. Signalgrass yielded the greatest dry matter production (9,696 kg ha-1). It also had high C:N ratio (38.4), long half-life (86.5 days) and a high persistence in the field. Jack bean also showed high dry matter production (8,950 kg ha-1), but it had low C:N ratio (17.4) and lower half-life time (39 days) than the grasses. These attributes indicate that signalgrass and jack bean have a high potential for use as cover plants in no-till agricultural systems in the State of Pará.

scholarly journals Gafsa rock phosphate and triple superphosphate for dry matter production and P uptake by corn

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossini Mattos Corrêa ◽  
Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento ◽  
Silvana Keely de Sá Souza ◽  
Fernando José Freire ◽  
Gleibson Barbosa da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Corn Plants

Crops in general make poor use of phosphorous fertilizer and, as a result, recommended rates and production costs are very high. Phosphorus can be made more readily available to plants by proper management of phosphate fertilization, selecting both, type of fertilizer and application method. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the natural Gafsa rock phosphate and the triple superphosphate on dry matter production and P uptake by corn plants cultivated in a greenhouse. Fertilizers were applied localized and broadcast/incorporated on to two soils with contrasting phosphorus capacity factors (PCF). Rock phosphate broadcast application was as efficient as triple superphosphate in increasing corn plant dry matter in the Tropudult, with lower PCF. This effect was not observed on the Haplustox, owing to the lower P solubility due to the higher Ca concentration in this soil. Triple superphosphate rates increased plant P uptake in both soils and for both application forms. Rock phosphate resulted in higher P-content in plants, but only for broadcast application on the Ultisol.

The influence of aluminium on phosphate sorption by whole plants and excised roots of some pasture legumes

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
PJVanden Berg
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plants

The effects of aluminium (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 p.p.m.) on dry matter production and subsequent short-term uptake and translocation of phosphorus in whole plants, and on the uptake of phosphorus by excised roots, of six tropical pasture legumes were ascertained. Macroptilium lathyroides, Desrnodiurn uncinaturn, Lotononis bainesii, and Stylosanthes hurnilis were tolerant species in terms of effects on dry matter production. Glycine wightii was a sensitive species and Medicago sativa a very sensitive one. In the whole plant study, plants were grown in Solution culture with a phosphorus concentration of 2 p.p.m., under the above aluminium treatments. Aluminium increased the subsequent uptake of phosphorus (tops+roots) in all species (phosphorus substrate concentration 1 x 10-5M labelled with 32P, 1 and 3 hr uptake periods). Phosphorus uptake in the tops of the four tolerant species was increased by aluminium treatment, and in the two sensitive species it uas reduced. In both the absence and presence of applied aluminium, L. bainesii was the most efficient species per unit weight of root tissue in sorbing total phosphorus, and in addition had the highest efficiency of translocation of phosphorus from roots to tops. S. humilis was also an efficient species. In the excised root study, addition of aluminium to the solution enhanced the sorption of phosphorus by all species. The enhancement was greater in a relatively strong phosphorus solution (2 x 10-4 M) than in a dilute solution (1 x 10-4). The sorption of phosphorus by excised roots of S. humilis from dilute and relatively strong phosphorus substrates was greater than that of other species, both in the absence and presence of added aluminium. L. bainesii was omitted from the excised root experiments.

Low effectiveness of three rock phosphates as phosphorus fertilizers and liming materials on an acid clay-loam

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Yeates ◽  
DG Allen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Soil Buffering

The effectiveness of three finely ground rock phosphates (PRs) was compared with ordinary superphosphate (OSP) for subterranean clover growth and for increasing soil bicarbonate-extractable P levels over two successive 8-week periods on a very acid clay-loam (pH (0.01 M CaCl2) 4.3) in a glasshouse experiment. All PR sources were poorly effective compared to OSP. Maximum dry matter and P uptake of each PR source was less than that of OSP at each harvest. Relative to surface application, mixing throughout the soil reduced the effectiveness of OSP for dry matter and P uptake, but had little effect on the PR sources. Relative to OSP, the effectiveness of PR sources did not increase at the second harvest. Bicarbonate-extractable P levels for soil-incorporated Island PR plateaued below the highest rate applied. Phosphorus uptake by the herbage at harvests 1 and 2 was not well related to soil bicarbonateextractable P levels at harvest 1, and source dependency was indicated. Soil pH was markedly increased by each of PR sources at application rates within the rates required to reach maximum dry matter and P yield. Increased soil pH at high PR applications is likely to have reduced PR dissolution, and contributed to low agronomic effectiveness. Dry matter yield at both harvests was dependent on P concentration in the tops, regardless of the P source or method of P application. A higher soil buffering capacity for pH, P or Ca than was present in this soil seems necessary for sufficient PR dissolution to achieve the same agronomic effectiveness as OSP.

scholarly journals Root phosphatase activity, plant growth and phosphorus accumulation of maize genotypes

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Torres de Toledo Machado ◽  
Ângela Maria Cangiani Furlani
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Physiological Characteristic ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Set Up

The activity of the enzyme phosphatase (P-ase) is a physiological characteristic related to plant efficiency in relation to P acquisition and utilization, and is genetically variable. As part of a study on maize genotype characterization in relation to phosphorus (P) uptake and utilization efficiency, two experiments were set up to measure phosphatase (P-ase) activity in intact roots of six local and improved maize varieties and two sub-populations. Plants were grown at one P level in nutrient solution (4 mg L-1) and the P-ase activity assay was run using 17-day-old plants for varieties and 24-day-old plants for subpopulations. Shoot and root dry matter yields and P concentrations and contents in plant parts were determined, as well as P-efficiency indexes. Root P-ase activity differed among varieties, and highest enzimatic activities were observed in two local varieties -'Catetão' and 'Caiano' -and three improved varieties -'Sol da Manhã', 'Nitrodente' and 'BR 106'. 'Carioca', a local variety, had the lowest activity. Between subpopulations, 'ND2', with low yielding and poorly P-efficient plants, presented higher root P-ase activity as compared to 'ND10', high yielding and highly P-efficient plants. In general, subpopulations presented lower P-ase activities as compared to varieties. Positive and/or negative correlations were obtained between P-ase activity and P-efficiency characteristics, specific for the genotypes, not allowing inference on a general and clear association between root-secreted phosphatase and dry matter production or P acquisition. Genotypic variability must be known and considered before using P-ase activity as an indicator of P nutritional status, or P tolerance, adaptation and efficiency under low P conditions.

The influence of low rates of air-dried biosolids on yield and phosphorus and zinc nutrition of wheat (Triticum durum) and barley( Hordeum vulgare)

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Weggler-Beaton ◽  
Robin D. Graham ◽  
Michael J. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Mineral Fertiliser ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Fertiliser Application

In field studies in 1992 and 1993, biosolid applications of 2 t/ha with supplements of mineral N and P were compared with a standard mineral fertiliser application (20 kg N/ha, 20 kg P/ha, 1.8–2.8 kg Zn/ha, 1.4–1.9 kg Cu/ha, 0.5–4 kg Mn/ha) on 4 soil types. Biosolid rates from 2 to 10 t/ha were applied in 1993. Shoot dry matter production at different stages of plant development (9 and 15 weeks after sowing) and grain production of Triticum durum and Hordeum vulgare, as well as nutrient concentration in shoots and grain, were taken as indicators for comparing nutrient availability of the 2 sources. A 2-t biosolid application was found to enhance dry-matter production and yield to the same extent as a mineral fertiliser application of 20 kg N/ha, 20 kg P/ha, and 1.8–2.8 kg Zn/ha. In some crop rotations and on sites with a high yield potential, additional nitrogen with 2 t biosolids/ha would be necessary to achieve such yields. However, development of durum wheat fertilised with 2 t biosolids was slower and P uptake lower than with mineral fertiliser until late booting. Durum wheat fertilised with 4 t biosolids showed similar P-uptake values as plants fertilised with the mineral fertiliser. The Zn-uptake of plants was positively correlated with biosolid application rates, showing a linear relationship. A 2-t biosolid application alleviated micronutrient deficiency to the same extent as the same rate of Zn (and Cu) given in mineral form.

scholarly journals Effect of Bacillus subtilis on phosphorus uptake by cucumber as affected by iron oxides and the solubility of the phosphorus source

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Garcia-Lopez ◽  
Antonio Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Source ◽  
Plant Inoculation

In this work, we examined the effects of Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 by assessing plant P uptake from variably P compound .The experiment performed involved three factors: (i) P source [KH2PO4 at 100 mg kg–1, and phosphate rock (PR) at 100 or 200 mg kg–1]; (ii) plant inoculation with QST713 (inoculated and non-inoculated); and (iii) Fe oxide (ferrihydrite) in the growth medium (0 or 300 mg kg–1 concentration of citrate–ascorbate-extractable Fe). Ferrihydrite decreased dry matter yield in plants by more than 50 %. Inoculation with QST713 increased plant growth, and total accumulation of P and P uptake in plants. Overall, QST713 increased P uptake by 40 %, the effect being independent of the presence of ferrihydrite and P source. The increased P uptake observed can be ascribed to increased solubilization of P and to increased root growth. Therefore, QST713 improves P nutrition in plants grown on media with a high P adsorption capacity irrespective of the solubility of the P compound.

The response of barrel medic pasture to topdressed and placed superphosphate in central western New South Wales

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Scott
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Barrel Medic ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Methods Of Application

The dry matter production of a pasture of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong) under different rates and methods of application of superphosphate was examined, during 1971 and 1972, on a phosphorus deficient soil at Condobolin, New South Wales. The treatments were factorial combinations of four rates of superphosphate (0, 126, 376, and 753 kg ha-1) and four methods of application of superphosphate (surface spread i.e. topdressed, surface applied in bands, placed at 5 cm depth, and placed at 1 0 cm depth). The dry matter production and phosphorus uptake results demonstrated the effectiveness of subsurface placement of superphosphate, but relative ineffectiveness of surface application during the dry winters experienced. The results also showed that root development in the dry 0-2 cm zone was restricted compared with that in the deeper moist soil layers. Soil phosphorus tests showed that one year after topdressing phosphorus had not moved below the 2-4 cm depth layer, even at 753 kg ha-1 of superphosphate.

THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN FORM AND SOIL TEMPERATURE ON THE GROWTH AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE OF CORN PLANTS GROWN IN THE GREENHOUSE

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Dormaar ◽  
J. W. Ketcheson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Form ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Corn Plants

In a greenhouse experiment, corn seedlings were grown over a 2-week period in soil and in sand-resin media. Nitrate and ammonium nitrogen was applied at rates from 25 to 800 p.p.m., and phosphorus at 50 and 200 p.p.m. Soil temperatures of 60°, 70°, and 80 °F. were used.It was concluded that growth and phosphorus uptake reached a maximum when approximately 200 p.p.m nitrogen was applied. Total dry matter production in roots was inversely related to nitrogen application, and to total phosphorus uptake. In soil, the ammonium form of nitrogen tended to be more effective than the nitrate form in increasing phosphorus uptake. In sand-resin with an absence of nitrification, the opposite was found. Significant interactions were found between nitrogen rate and form. Increasing soil temperature from 60° to 80 ° F. enhanced the effect of nitrogen on phosphorus uptake.

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