Low effectiveness of three rock phosphates as phosphorus fertilizers and liming materials on an acid clay-loam

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Yeates ◽  
DG Allen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Soil Buffering

The effectiveness of three finely ground rock phosphates (PRs) was compared with ordinary superphosphate (OSP) for subterranean clover growth and for increasing soil bicarbonate-extractable P levels over two successive 8-week periods on a very acid clay-loam (pH (0.01 M CaCl2) 4.3) in a glasshouse experiment. All PR sources were poorly effective compared to OSP. Maximum dry matter and P uptake of each PR source was less than that of OSP at each harvest. Relative to surface application, mixing throughout the soil reduced the effectiveness of OSP for dry matter and P uptake, but had little effect on the PR sources. Relative to OSP, the effectiveness of PR sources did not increase at the second harvest. Bicarbonate-extractable P levels for soil-incorporated Island PR plateaued below the highest rate applied. Phosphorus uptake by the herbage at harvests 1 and 2 was not well related to soil bicarbonateextractable P levels at harvest 1, and source dependency was indicated. Soil pH was markedly increased by each of PR sources at application rates within the rates required to reach maximum dry matter and P yield. Increased soil pH at high PR applications is likely to have reduced PR dissolution, and contributed to low agronomic effectiveness. Dry matter yield at both harvests was dependent on P concentration in the tops, regardless of the P source or method of P application. A higher soil buffering capacity for pH, P or Ca than was present in this soil seems necessary for sufficient PR dissolution to achieve the same agronomic effectiveness as OSP.

Response of subterranean clover to rock phosphates as affected by particle size and depth of mixing in the soil

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 649 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Alston ◽  
KW Chin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Monocalcium Phosphate ◽  
Christmas Island

Samples of Christmas Island and Florida rock phosphates with different particle size ranges were applied to a phosphorus-deficient acid sandy soil. The rock phosphates were compared with monocalcium phosphate at various levels of addition of phosphorus. The fertilizers were mixed uniformly with either the top 1, 5, or 10 cm of the soil. Dry matter yield and phosphorus uptake in the tops of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and the distribution (by weight) of the roots in the soil were determined. Monocalcium phosphate produced higher dry matter yields (tops and roots) than rock phosphates, even when the latter were applied in amounts containing four times the amount of phosphorus added as monocalcium phosphate. The concentration and uptake of phosphorus in the tops was also higher when monocalcium phosphate was applied, although the difference in concentration decreased as the plants matured. Dry matter yield and phosphorus concentration in the clover tops were increased by increasing the fineness of grinding of rock phosphate and by increasing the depth of mixing with the soil. Increasing the depth of mixing also produced a greater weight and more even distribution of roots. The yield of tops and roots was unaffected by the depth to which monocalcium phosphate was mixed, although shallow placement concentrated the distribution of the roots near the soil surface. Florida rock phosphate was a better source of phosphorus for subterranean clover than Christmas Island rock when the samples were coarsely ground, but both rocks were equally effective when ground to give 70 per cent < 100 mesh B.S.S.

PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY ALFALFA AS INFLUENCED BY PHOSPHATE SOURCE AND MOISTURE

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Beaton ◽  
D. W. L. Read ◽  
W. C. Hinman
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Phosphate Source ◽  
Soil Fertilizer

The effect of phosphate source and soil moisture during the initial soil-fertilizer reaction period on subsequent phosphorus uptake by alfalfa was investigated in a growth chamber. Phosphate-treated soils with moisture adjusted to four different tensions were stored at approximately 18 °C. for 10 weeks. Following this storage interval phosphorus uptake by alfalfa was measured using a short-term technique.Phosphorus content and phosphorus uptake by both tops and roots increased significantly when water-soluble materials such as ammonium polyphosphate, monoammonium and monocalcium phosphate were applied. Less soluble sources, i.e., hydroxyapatite and anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, were much less effective. Calcium metaphosphate produced intermediate results.Moisture content of the soil during the reaction period did not greatly alter subsequent P uptake. The water-soluble sources of phosphorus were affected to the greatest degree.Uptake of P was significantly correlated with the amount of P extracted by NaHCO3 from the treated soils. The highest degree of correlation occurred with ammonium polyphosphate treated soil. A significant negative correlation occurred with calcium metaphosphate. With the exception of the 0.8 bar treatment, moisture tension had little influence on the correlation of P uptake with NaHCO3 extractable-P.

scholarly journals Mycorrhiza Reduces Phosphorus Uptake from Struvite in Rye (Secale cereale L.) Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Annabell Schwalb ◽  
Michael Hemkemeyer ◽  
Conor Watson ◽  
Florian Wichern
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Middle Compartment

AbstractTo reduce dependency on inorganic phosphorus (P) fertiliser, secondary P fertilisers such as struvite are becoming more important. However, the P uptake of these new fertilisers by plants is often not known and may be enhanced by plant associated microorganisms. We therefore investigated the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) on P uptake in rye (Secale cereale L.), grown in the middle compartment of a box with chambers separated by a 30 µm mesh allowing fungal hyphae but not roots to penetrate. Plants with (AM) or without (control) mycorrhizae (Rhizophagus irregularis) were grown in a P limited sand medium for 72 days. After harvest, plants were analysed for mycorrhizal colonization, shoot and root development and nutrient (P, Ca, Mg) uptake. Further, pH was measured in each compartment. Shoot biomass of both treatments was not different, but root biomass was significantly lower in AM plants. Despite plants of the AM treatment being colonised by mycorrhizae, their P uptake was substantially lower compared to the control treatment, but root nutrient concentration was higher. Even though the pH in the mycorrhizal compartment of the AM treatment was significantly lower compared to the control, water- and CAL-extractable P were similar, indicating little P uptake from this compartment. Extractable P was reduced only in the root compartment of the control, which was associated with a lower pH compared to the AM treatment. In conclusion, mycorrhizae did not increase P uptake from struvite in rye plants. Non-mycorrhizal plants which invested more biomass into roots took up more P. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Effect of Bacillus subtilis on phosphorus uptake by cucumber as affected by iron oxides and the solubility of the phosphorus source

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Garcia-Lopez ◽  
Antonio Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Source ◽  
Plant Inoculation

In this work, we examined the effects of Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 by assessing plant P uptake from variably P compound .The experiment performed involved three factors: (i) P source [KH2PO4 at 100 mg kg–1, and phosphate rock (PR) at 100 or 200 mg kg–1]; (ii) plant inoculation with QST713 (inoculated and non-inoculated); and (iii) Fe oxide (ferrihydrite) in the growth medium (0 or 300 mg kg–1 concentration of citrate–ascorbate-extractable Fe). Ferrihydrite decreased dry matter yield in plants by more than 50 %. Inoculation with QST713 increased plant growth, and total accumulation of P and P uptake in plants. Overall, QST713 increased P uptake by 40 %, the effect being independent of the presence of ferrihydrite and P source. The increased P uptake observed can be ascribed to increased solubilization of P and to increased root growth. Therefore, QST713 improves P nutrition in plants grown on media with a high P adsorption capacity irrespective of the solubility of the P compound.

Subterranean clover pasture responses to lime application on the acid soils of southern New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Scott ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Phosphorus Application

The effects of soil amendment with shallow (0-10 cm) incorporated lime or dolomite were examined at 3 sites with acid soils over 6 years. Measurement was made of soil pH and exchangeable cations, and of subterranean clover dry matter production, seed set, and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, manganese, nitrogen and phosphorus. Application of lime or dolomite increased the production of dry matter, but not by the alleviation of molybdenum deficiency. Response in yield ranged from nil to 47%, with most responses in the range 20-35%. Such responses persisted for 5-6 seasons following lime or dolomite application. Differences in soil pH associated with liming were maintained for the 6 years of measurement, so that the benefits in pasture production from soil amendment are likely to accrue beyond the time span of this study. The analyses of plant dry matter indicated that manganese toxicity may have been a factor in the response to lime at 1 harvest, and that higher nitrogen concentration was associated with liming at another. Generally, the plant analyses did not indicate a clear mechanism for the plant responses to lime, although the soil analyses indicated the presence of exchangeable aluminium in the unamended plots at all 3 sites. The plant responses demonstrated that acidity constrained the yield of subterranean clover grown on these soils.

Effectiveness of the water-insoluble component of triple superphosphate for yield and phosphorus uptake by plants

2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. JOHNSTON ◽  
I. R. RICHARDS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Available P ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
The Uk

The water-insoluble phosphorus (P) component (‘residue source’) was separated from four commercial triple superphosphate (TSP) products and its agronomic effectiveness evaluated. Two of the TSP products were sourced from the USA and two from the UK. Effectiveness was measured using a pot trial technique with ryegrass as the test crop. The residue sources were evaluated on 13 soils varying in key properties: readily plant-available P, texture, pH and organic matter content. Four of the soils were from Germany, one from Spain, five from the UK and three from France. Grass dry-matter yield and P offtake were measured at every cut on every soil. For both of these variables, significant responses to applied P were obtained on all soils. Mono-calcium phosphate (MCP) was used as the comparative P source and effectiveness of the residue sources was estimated relative to that of MCP. Using dry-matter data, the residue sources were 44–87% as effective as MCP; P offtake data provided corresponding estimates of 35–79%. Both methods of estimation indicated the same ranking of residue sources in terms of relative effectiveness, those derived from USA products being more effective than those derived from UK products. The ranking was the same for all soils. The effectiveness of the residue sources relative to that of MCP appeared little affected by measured soil properties: texture, pH, available P or organic carbon content. The results indicate there is little difference in agronomic effectiveness of TSP products with water solubility greater than 85%.

Effectiveness of superphosphate and crandallite-millisite rock phosphates on a deep, very sandy soil as assessed by plant growth and soil extractable phosphate

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland ◽  
MJ Baker ◽  
RJ Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Christmas Island ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Separate Calibration ◽  
Residual Effectiveness

The initial and residual effectiveness of superphosphate, Christmas Island C-grade ore (C-ore) and 500�C heated (calcined) C-ore (Calciphos) was measured on a deep, very sandy soil near Badgingarra, W.A. Different levels of each fertiliser were applied once only in May 1980. Yields of lupins (1980 and 1983) and subterranean clover (1981) were used to determine the effectiveness of the fertilisers, and in 1986 the residual value of the fertilisers was measured for wheat, oats, and barley, relative to freshly applied superphosphate. Samples of the top 10 cm of soil were collected each January-February for soil tests for P which were compared to plant yields measured in the following spring (Aug.-Dec.). Superphosphate was the most effective fertiliser, though its effectiveness declined by about 50% between years 1 and 2, and by a further 25% between years 2 and 4. C-ore was only about one-tenth as effective as superphosphate in the year of application, and its effectiveness declined by about 40% between years 1 and 2, and by a further 15% between years 2 and 4. Calciphos was about one-fifth as effective as superphosphate in the year of application, and its effectiveness declined by about 40% between years 1 and 2, and remained approximately constant between years 2 and 4. In 1986, the effectiveness of 1980 applied superphosphate was between about one-quarter to one-fifth as effective as freshly applied superphosphate for wheat, oats and barley, and the 1980 applied C-ore and Calciphos were about 15% as effective as freshly applied superphosphate. The amount of P extracted by sodium bicarbonate from soil fertilised with superphosphate decreased by about 50% between years 2 and 3, by a further 20% between years 3 and 4, and by a further 15% between years 4 and 7. For soil treated with Calciphos, the amount of extractable P doubled between years 2 and 3 and thereafter remained approximately constant. Very little P was extracted from soil fertilised with C-ore. Separate calibration curves were required in most cases for the relationship between yield and soil test values for superphosphate and rock phosphate in 1981 and 1983, and for each fertiliser and species in 1986. A substantial amount of superphosphate-added P (50-70%) and about 20% of rock phosphate-added P had leached below 50 cm of the topsoil 6 years after application.

scholarly journals Kinetics of phosphorus uptake and root morphology of local and improved varieties of maize

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Torres de Toledo Machado ◽  
Ângela Maria Cangiani Furlani
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Maize Varieties

Interspecific and intraspecific differences in the efficiency of utilization of soil phosphorus (P) are explained, in part, by plant morphological and physiological variations, which characterize the plant for nutrient acquisition. As part of a study on maize genotypes characterization for P-uptake and use efficiency, kinetic parameters of P uptake and root morphological characters were evaluated for six local and improved maize varieties, grown in nutrient solution. The kinetic parameters related to P influx were: maximal transport rate (Vmax), the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km), and the external concentration when net uptake is zero (Cmin). Measured root morphological characters were: root length, radius, and surface area. Shoot and root dry matter yield and the P content in these parts were also determined. Diferences among varieties were observed in the kinetic parameters Vmax and Km, root length and in root/shoot dry matter ratio. Lower Km values were better indicatives of P uptake ability of the varietes and were significantly correlated to higher dry matter production and P-efficiency index.

Rock phosphate and superphosphate as sources of phosphorus for subterranean clover on an acid sandy soil

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (68) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Alston ◽  
KW Chin
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Mean

Subterranean clover was grown on an acid sandy soil in a field experiment at Mount Compass, South Australia, where the mean annual rainfall is 837 mm. Rock phosphate and superphosphate were applied at 0 to 66 kg ha-1 P. Dry matter yields and phosphorus uptake by the clover and the phosphorus content of the soil were determined. At given levels of addition of phosphorus, rock phosphate was as effective as superphosphate in increasing dry matter yield and phosphorus uptake by the clover in the year of application. Rock phosphate also increased yield and uptake in subsequent years, but superphosphate had little residual effect. Leaching losses of phosphorus from the top 10 cm of soil during three and a half years were equal to 100 per cent and 80 per cent of that applied in superphosphate at 22 and 66 kg ha-1 P respectively. The corresponding losses where rock phosphate was applied were 80 per cent and 60 per cent. Most of the phosphorus leached from superphosphate was lost within two months of the application.

Relating phosphorus quantity, intensity, and buffer capacity to phosphorus uptake

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Probert ◽  
P. W. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Direct Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Uptake Data

The short-term (25 days) phosphorus (P) uptake by maize has been reported to be most strongly correlated with measurements of P intensity in soil. Correlations of P uptake with bicarbonate-extractable P (a measure of the quantity factor) were improved when indices of P buffer capacity were included, but not to the extent obtained with the direct measure of P intensity. Thus, one might infer that measurements of the quantity factor and P buffer capacity were less satisfactory for describing P availability. It is now shown that this conclusion results entirely from the model fitted to the data. By using a multiplicative rather than additive model, it is shown that bicarbonate-extractable P in combination with measures of P buffer capacity can describe the P uptake data equally as well as a direct measurement of P intensity.

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