WINTER INJURY TO GRAVENSTEIN APPLE STRAINS AS INFLUENCED BY TRUNK SCORING

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 981-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. EMBREE ◽  
A. D. CROWE
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Lower Trunk

Eleven Gravenstein apple strains (Malus domestica) in an 8-yr-old field trial were trunk scored 4 wk after bloom prior to and following the 1980–1981 test winter that injured many trees in Eastern Canadian orchards. Regression analysis revealed that scores which healed poorly and initial light cropping reduced lower trunk hardiness while growth had no effect. The incidence of injury was greatest below the score but always above the graft union and fruit size was negatively correlated with trunk damage.Key words: Winter injury, Gravenstein apple, trunk scoring, healing, yield, growth

Response of high density apple orchards on coarsetextured soil to form of potassium applied by fertigation

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
G H Neilsen ◽  
D. Neilsen
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
High Density ◽  
Potassium Sources ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
Cation Status ◽  
Potassium Magnesium ◽  
Annual Application

This study tested the effects of fertigated potassium sources on orchard cation status. A randomized, complete block experimental design was maintained from 2000 to 2003, in a high density ‘Jonagold’/M.9 apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) orchard planted in 1993 on a loamy sand. Seven K-fertigation treatments included annual application of either no K (control), 15 g K/tree as either potassium chloride or potassium magnesium sulphate (KMag) or 30 g K/tree as potassium chloride, KMag, potassium sulphate or potassium thiosulphate, applied daily during 6 wk midsummer to six replicate, four-tree plots. Fertigated K-forms did not affect yield, but increased soil K after 3 yr to 30-cm depth beneath the drip emitters. This increased leaf and fruit K concentrations. Fruit K/Ca ratio was also increased by K-fertigation. A high incidence of bitter pit at harvest was unaffected by fertigating K, but rather was associated with low harvest fruit Ca concentration and large fruit size. KMag increased soil Mg availability, but leaf and fruit Mg concentrations were slightly affected, indicating the difficulties of improving apple Mg status when co-applying K. Leaf and fruit Ca concentrations were minimally affected by treatments. Soil Ca declined slightly after 3 yr of K fertigation. Key words: Bitter pit, calcium, chloride, magnesium, Malus × domestica, sulphate, thiosulphate

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE ON APPLE AND PLUM FRUIT THINNING

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 690a-690
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Brenda R. Simons ◽  
John K. Fellman ◽  
W. Michael Colt
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Prunus Salicina

Influence of various concentrations of hydrogen cyanamide (HC) on fruit thinning of `Rome Beauty' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), `Friar,' and `Simka' plums (Prunus salicina Lindley) were studied. A full bloom application of HC at all tested concentrations decreased `Rome Beauty' apple fruit set and yield, and increased fruit weight. Hydrogen cyanamide at 0.25% (V/V) resulted in adequate apple thinning, indicated by the production of an ideal fruit weight. Prebloom and full bloom applications of HC at greater than 0.75% reduced plum fruit set and yield in `Friar.' Full bloom application of HC at 0.25% to 0.50% showed a satisfactory fruit set, yield, and fruit size in `Friar' plum. Full bloom application decreased fruit set and yield in `Simka' plum. Hand thinning, as well as chemical thinning, is recommended for plums.

Preferences of Canadian consumers for apple fruit size

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Hampson ◽  
K. Sanford ◽  
J. Cline
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Size Preference ◽  
Fruit Diameter ◽  
Just Right

Apple fruit size preferences are known to vary among consumer populations. Characteristic commercial fruit size varies among apple-growing regions within Canada for a given cultivar. Canadian consumer preferences for apple size are not well documented, nor is it known whether preferences vary among regions. In this study, 586 consumers from British Columbia, Ontario and Nova Scotia were asked to rate a series of apple sizes using the affective “Just Right” scale. Ideal fruit size was similar regardless of province or consumer gender. Age groups differed slightly in fruit size preference. The Just Right score was a linear function of fruit diameter for all groups. The fruit diameter considered ideal for dessert use ranged from 7.4 to 7.6 cm among the age groups. Key words: Malus × domestica Borkh., sensory evaluation, consumer preference

CPPU and BA increase fruit size of ‘Royal Gala’ (Malus domestica) apple in a warm climate

2003 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael A. Stern ◽  
Ruth Ben-Arie ◽  
O. Neria ◽  
Moshe Flaishman
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Warm Climate

scholarly journals 185 BIOASSAYS TO DETERMINE OF APPLE THINNING RESPONSE FROM APPLICATIONS OF NAA

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 455e-455
Author(s):  
J. A. Flore ◽  
M. Ventura ◽  
D. Neri ◽  
M. Sakin
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Early Indicators

Auxin induction of ethylene, and fruit growth rates were investigated as early indicators of NAA thinning response for Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, McIntosh, Empire, and Tydeman's Red over a four period. Abscission at the end of the drop period was correlated with ethylene evolution from leaves 24-48 hours after NAA application and with changes in fruit growth at 2-3 day intervals through 10-14 days after application. Variation in ethylene evolution and fruit growth were also associated with environmental conditions prior to and at the time of NAA application to determine which factors have the greatest influence on response. Ethylene was a better predictor of final fruit drop than changes in fruit size for all varieties tested. However both performed very well. The ethylene bioassay requires more equipment, but the response is more-immediate. Bourse, and spur leaves as well as fruit were capable of producing ethylene in response to NAA application. Thinning response was greatest when all leaves and fruit were treated with NAA, followed by the bourse and spur leaves. Little or no response was produced when the fruit alone were treated. Concentration experiments and radioisotope data indicate that ethylene response is directly related to the amount of NAA absorbed. Regression analysis indicates that approximately 60% of the variation in response can be predicted by ethylene evolution

scholarly journals Response of Rockwool-grown Greenhouse Cucumber, Tomato, and Pepper to Kinetin Foliar Sprays

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Papadopoulos ◽  
U. Saha ◽  
X. Hao ◽  
S. Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Growing Conditions

Encouraging results from previous trials on field vegetables led to the expectation that a kinetin foliar spray from the commercial product KIN-Gro (5000 ppm kinetin) on greenhouse vegetables would positively affect their growth and productivity. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the usefulness of this product on rockwool-grown `Bodega' cucumber (Cucumis sativus), `Rapsodie' tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), and `4-Ever' and `444' pepper (Capsicum annuum) at the Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, Ont. Two replicated experiments were conducted to study the effect of kinetin spray on growth and production of all three crops: the first in Spring-Summer 2004 and the second in Fall-Winter 2004. Foliar sprays of kinetin at 2.5, 5, and 10 ppm concentrations were tested against a water spray (control) on each crop. A 2.5-ppm kinetin spray had beneficial effects on the growth of cucumber transplants (taller plants and greater leaf area and fresh weight of leaves and stems). Furthermore, this treatment resulted in higher marketable yield in the Spring-Summer crop and in larger fruit size in the Fall-Winter crop. Regression analysis showed that cucumber marketable yield had an overall quadratic response to kinetin spray concentration in Spring-Summer season maximizing at 5.1 ppm kinetin. Kinetin spray also had beneficial effects on the growth of tomato seedlings, but not on yield. On the other hand, significant beneficial effects were observed on the growth of pepper seedlings and on marketable yield and fruit quality. Regression analysis showed that the response of pepper marketable yield to kinetin spray concentration was positive and linear. It must be noted that, given the rather short-term nature of our experiments, the observed beneficial effects of the kinetin sprays on yield can only be interpreted as beneficial effects on early yield rather than on the total yield. We concluded that under our growing conditions, cucumber production would benefit from a dilute (2.5 ppm) kinetin spray, and pepper production from a high concentration spray (10 ppm); tomato transplant growth will also benefit from a kinetin spray at 2.5 ppm. The results of this study could be of considerable significance to the greenhouse vegetable industry.

scholarly journals Observations on the Relationships among Seed Number, Fruit Calcium, and Senescent Breakdown in Apples

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Bramlage ◽  
S.A. Weis ◽  
D.W. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Ca Deficiency

In a population of `Delicious' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) with varying seed number at harvest, fruit size and Ca concentration in fruit increased with seed number. Neither K nor Mg concentration in fruit was related to seed number. In another population of `McIntosh' apples from 50 commercial orchard blocks, the percentage of fruit that developed senescent breakdown, a Ca-deficiency disorder, decreased linearly as seed number per fruit increased. Low seed number is probably a factor contributing to Ca deficiency in apple fruit.

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