WINTER SURVIVAL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Sayre
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes

In field experiments at Harrow, Ontario, the northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949, successfully overwintered, although its populations were severely reduced. Two other species, M. incognita (Kofoid and White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949, and M. javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949, were unable to overwinter in bare soil or under a cover crop of winter wheat or in the roots of the perennial host plants peach and asparagus.

WINTER SURVIVAL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES (MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA AND M. HAPLA) UNDER SELECTED HOST CROPS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. JOHNSON ◽  
J. W. POTTER
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

In field experiments at Harrow, Ontario, the southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita overwintered successfully on woody perennial roots of peach in a moderate winter, but was unable to survive a subsequent severe winter on this host. At Vineland Station, Ontario, M. incognita did not overwinter below the frost line in a moderate winter under alfalfa, a poor perennial host, but did overwinter under red clover and tomato in a severe winter, although the population was severely reduced. By comparison, the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla survived well under all three hosts in both winters at depths from 0 to 90 cm.

EFFECT OF COVER CROPS ON WINTER SURVIVAL, COMMON ROOT ROT, AND YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Smith ◽  
J. S. Horricks ◽  
J. E. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Common Root Rot

When four varieties of winter wheat (Yogo, Kharkov 22 M.C., Jones Fife, and Elgin) were sown into wheat, oat, or barley cover crops, the yields were lower than when they were sown on fallow. The yield of winter wheat sown into the different cover crops was highest in barley and lowest in wheat cover crop. When the growth of cover crops was abundant, the yield of winter wheat was reduced. Application of ammonium-phosphate-sulphate fertilizer (16-20-0) increased the yield of winter wheat and generally decreased the severity of common root rot. Winter survival was generally greater when winter wheat was sown into cover crops than when it was sown on fallow. Root rot was most severe in winter wheat sown into wheat cover and was progressively less severe when sown into fallow, barley, or oat cover. Neither blade-cultivating nor mowing the cover crop prior to seeding the winter wheat appreciably affected the yield.

scholarly journals Meloidogyne hapla, the Northern Root-Knot Nematode, in Florida Strawberries and Associated Double-Cropped Vegetables

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Desaeger
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
And Behavior

Northern root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne hapla) are rather uncommon nematode parasites of strawberries and vegetables in Florida, but when present they are capable of causing significant crop loss. Root-knot nematodes are largely unknown to strawberry growers in Florida and very little is known about their biology and behavior in the state. This 5-page fact sheet written by J. Desaeger and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Entomology and Nematology is intended to educate and provide information on this nematode to researchers, Extension agents, growers, industry representatives, and other stakeholders in the strawberry and vegetable community. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1224

scholarly journals Host Status of Lisianthus `Mariachi Lime Green' for Three Species of Root-knot Nematodes

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schochow ◽  
Steven A. Tjosvold ◽  
Antoon T. Ploeg
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Host Status

Lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn.] plants were grown in soil infested with increasing densities of Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, or M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood, root-knot nematodes. Compared to tomato plants grown in soil with the same nematode numbers and species, lisianthus had less severe root symptoms, suffered less damage, and resulted in lower nematode multiplication rates. Lisianthus was a better host for M. javanica than for M. incognita, and a poor host for M. hapla. Lisianthus shoot weights were significantly reduced after inoculation with M. javanica or M. hapla, but not after M. incognita inoculation. The number of flowers produced per lisianthus plant was reduced by all three nematode species. The results show that the root-knot nematode species that are most common in California may cause significant damage in the cut-flower production of lisianthus.

scholarly journals First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne floridensis on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-527
Author(s):  
G. T. Church
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
First Report ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

The state of Florida is the largest producer of fresh market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in the United States with 2003 yields of 634 million kg on 17,700 ha valued at 516 million dollars. Effective crop management is essential for production of vegetables in Florida because of the presence of intense pest pressure. The identification of the pests present is the first step in the development of a successful IPM (integrated pest management) program. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are common nematodes that parasitize vegetables in Florida and cause significant yield reductions when not properly managed. In 2003 field experiments, soil was collected from two research farms in Saint Lucie and Seminole counties in Florida. Galling caused by root-knot nematode was observed on tomato at both locations. Since females suitable for identification are difficult to obtain from field-grown roots, field soil was placed in pots in the greenhouse and planted with Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rutgers. Standard morphological techniques, differential host tests, and isozyme phenotypes were used in nematode identification. Female root-knot nematodes were extracted from tomato roots and placed in extraction buffer (10% wt/vol sucrose, 2% vol/vol Triton X-100, 0.01% wt/vol bromophenol blue). The females were crushed, loaded on a polyacrylamide gel, and separated by electrophoresis using the PhastSystem (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ). The activities of malate dehydrogenase and esterase enzymes were detected using standard techniques. Isozyme phenotypes consistent with Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood as well as with the newly described M. floridensis Handoo (1) were observed at both locations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. floridensis naturally occurring on tomato in Florida. The identification and distribution of M. floridensis in vegetable production fields is important for disease management throughout the state since the host range is likely different from other Meloidogyne spp. Reference: (1) Z. A. Handoo et al. J. Nematol. 36:20, 2004.

scholarly journals Marigold (Tagete erecta): An Effective Meloidogyne incognita Trap Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
Wentao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Trap Plants ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are soil-borne pathogens that can cause severe damage to agricultural production. The most common approaches to prevent root-knot nematode infections are based on crop rotation with non-host plants, use of chemical insecticides, biological control methods, and use of nematode-antagonistic or trap plants. Marigolds (Tagetes erecta) are used as nematode-killing plants, but there is controversy over the mechanism through which they control root-knot nematodes. This study confirmed that marigold root-exudates are lethal to root-knot nematodes, illustrated that marigolds act as trap plants for root-knot nematodes when planted close to nematode host plants such as tomato. We investigated the rates of infection and development of nematode larvae injected into the marigold root system to evaluate whether marigolds could act as a non-host plant for root-knot nematodes. We found that aqueous solutions of marigold root-exudates showed strong lethal and inhibitory effects on sec-stage juveniles and eggs of root-knot nematodes. Marigold roots secreted substances that attracted nematodes from the surrounding environment. Furthermore, marigold root cells contained substances that had a strong inhibitory effect on the development of root-knot nematodes, resulting in diapause in nematodes, and inhibition of further infection. Herein we report a preliminary exploration of the antagonistic mechanism in marigolds for controlling the growth and development of root-knot nematodes. Our research provides basis for promoting the use of marigold for the control of nematodes as an important part of sustainable cropping strategies that rely on biological pest control. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Meloidogyne Species Associated with Weeds in Rio Grande do Sul

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. BELLÉ ◽  
T.E. KASPARY ◽  
R.R. BALARDIN ◽  
R.F. RAMOS ◽  
Z.I. ANTONIOLLI
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Meloidogyne Species

ABSTRACT: The frequency of species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) was evaluated in weeds collected in different fallow farms in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In the samples where the nematode was found, the species of the root-knot nematode was identified by electrophoresis using the isozyme esterase. They were obtained from weeds belonging to 24 weed species from 13 different botanical families: Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Commelinaceae, Convovulaceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Oxalidaceae, Poaceae, Portulacaceae, Solanaceae, Verbenaceae. Meloidogyne javanica Est J3 (Rm: 1.0, 1.25, 1.40) was the most frequent species and occurred in 53.3% of the samples. M. arenaria with phenotype Est. A2 (Rm: 1.20, 1.30) was detected in 15.6% of the samples. M. incognita Est. I2 (Rm: 1.0, 1.1), M. ethiopica Est. E3 (Rm: 0.9, 1.15, 1.30), M. enterolobii Est. M2 (Rm: 0.7, 0.75, 0.9, 0.95) and M. hapla Est. H1 (Rm: 1.17) in 13.3%, 8.9%, 6.7% and 2.2% of the samples, respectively. Therefore, knowledge of the range of host plants to different species of the root-knot nematode can positively contribute to the adoption of management practices that allow the reduction of their populations in the soil.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF FUMIGANTS AND NEMATICIDES FOR THE CONTROL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES ON CARROT

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 606e-606
Author(s):  
S.A. Johnston ◽  
P.R. Probasco ◽  
J.R. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Soil Fumigants ◽  
Sodium Methyldithiocarbamate

A study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of soil fumigants and oxamyl nematicide on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla. A loamy sand carrot field of Danvers 126 carrots with a high population of root-knot nematodes was used for the test. Treatments included: 1, 3-dichloropropene, oxamyl, sodium methyldithiocarbamate, and the combination of 1,3-dichloropropene and oxamyl or sodium methyldithiocarbamate and oxamyl. All treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Carrots were evaluated for plant stand, vigor, root length, galling, marketable yield, and total yield. Tremendous differences in plant vigor of young plants were observed among treatments. All of the fumigant treatments were significantly better than the other treatments and resulted in high plant stands and increased root length. Only the fumigated treatments, with or without foliar applications of oxamyl, resulted in significant marketable yield increases. Oxamyl foliar applications are beneficial in reducing root-knot nematode populations levels and damage when applied 6 weeks after initial treatment but not when they are initiated 10 weeks after initial treatment.

Integrating fall-planted cereal cover crops and preplant herbicides for glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) management in soybean

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
John A. Schramski ◽  
Christy L. Sprague ◽  
Karen A. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Sites Of Action

Abstract Glyphosate-resistant horseweed is difficult to manage in no-tillage crop production fields and new strategies are needed. Cover crops may provide an additional management tool but narrow establishment windows and colder growing conditions in northern climates may limit the cover crop biomass required to suppress horseweed. Field experiments were conducted in 3 site-years in Michigan to investigate the effects of two fall-planted cover crops, cereal rye and winter wheat, seeded at 67 or 135 kg ha−1, to suppress horseweed when integrated with three preplant herbicide strategies in no-tillage soybean. The preplant strategies were control (glyphosate only), preplant herbicide without residuals (glyphosate + 2,4-D), and preplant herbicide with residuals (glyphosate + 2,4-D + flumioxazin + metribuzin). Cereal rye produced 79% more biomass and provided 12% more ground cover than winter wheat in 2 site-years. Increasing seeding rate provided 41% more cover biomass in 1 site-year. Cover crops reduced horseweed density 47% to 96% and horseweed biomass by 59% to 70% compared with no cover at the time of cover crop termination. Cover crops provided no additional horseweed suppression 5 wk after soybean planting if a preplant herbicide with or without residuals was applied, but reduced horseweed biomass greater than 33% in the absence of preplant herbicides. Cover crops did not affect horseweed suppression at the time of soybean harvest or influence soybean yield. Preplant herbicide with residuals and without residuals provided at least 52% and 20% greater soybean yield compared with the control at 2 site-years, respectively. Cereal rye and winter wheat provided early-season horseweed suppression at biomass levels below 1,500 kg ha−1, lower than previously reported. This could give growers in northern climates an effective strategy for suppressing horseweed through the time of POST herbicide application while reducing selection pressure for horseweed that is resistant to more herbicide sites of action.

scholarly journals Kök-Ur Nematodları (Meloidogyne spp.)’nda Parazitizm

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Gökhan Aydınlı ◽  
Sevilhan Mennan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Management ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Nematode Parasitism ◽  
Complex Relationships

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) have specialized and complex relationships with their host plants. A better understanding of interaction between nematode and their host will help to provide new point of view for root-knot nematode management. For this purpose, recently investigations on cellular and molecular basis of root-knot nematode parasitism and host response were reviewed.

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