AN EVALUATION OF SEVERAL CHEMICAL TESTS AS POSSIBLE SELECTION MEASURES FOR WINTERHARDINESS IN WHEAT

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. GUSTA ◽  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
N. J. TYLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Survival Prediction ◽  
Selection Measures ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Chemical Characters

Ten chemical characters and crown LT50s were measured on 14 cold-hardened cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) to determine their usefulness in winter survival prediction tests. Differences among genotypes with a range of cold hardiness potential (LT50 −13 °C to −20 °C) were significant for 6 to 10 characters evaluated. Crown LT50 was the best prediction of field survival (FSI). Cell sap viscosity, total crown nitrogen, crown ethanol, insoluble nitrogen, and crown uronic acid were highly correlated with both FSI and LT50. Proline, pH and ATP were not significantly correlated with either FSI or LT50.Key words: Chemical tests, selection, winterhardiness, wheat

EFFECT OF A Rht GENE CONDITIONING THE SEMIDWARF CHARACTER ON WINTERHARDINESS IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. GILLILAND ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

In the northern part of the North American Great Plains, the level of cultivar winter-hardiness required for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is extremely high. Presently, available winter wheat cultivars with adequate winterhardiness are tall and, under favourable growing conditions, crop lodging and excessive amounts of straw can present serious production problems. Consequently, cultivars with short, stiff straw and a high harvest index would be desirable for high production areas within this region. However, semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness have not yet been developed. In this study, six GA-insensitive (Rht) semidwarf parents with poor to moderate winterhardiness were crossed with three GA-sensitive (rht) tall parents possessing good winterhardiness to produce 20 different single, three-way and double crosses. These crosses were evaluated to determine if the GA-insensitive character could be combined with a high level of winterhardiness in winter wheat. Gibberellic acid (GA) sensitivity analyses of F2 seedlings established that a single GA-insensitive gene was involved in each cross. F2-derived F3 and F3-derived F4 lines were assessed for GA-sensitivity and winterhardiness levels were determined from field survival at several locations in Saskatchewan, Canada. Winter survival of homozygous GA-sensitive and GA-insensitive lines were similar in both generations. Lines with winterhardiness levels similar to those of the three tall parent cultivars were recovered in all GA-response classes. The absence of a meaningful pleiotropic effect of Rht genes on winterhardiness indicates that the reason semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness levels have not been developed is due to the lack of a concentrated breeding effort to combine the two characters. A breeding strategy for the production of adapted winterhardy semidwarf winter wheat cultivars is discussed. The influence of endogenous gibberellin levels on cold hardiness in winter wheat is also considered.Key words: Cold hardiness, field survival, Triticum aestivum L, semidwarf, Gibberellic acid

Harmil winter wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-546
Author(s):  
D. R. Sampson ◽  
R. G. Fulcher ◽  
W. L. Seaman ◽  
J. Fregeau-Reid
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Ustilago Tritici ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Harmil is a new soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar well adapted to southwestern Ontario. It has high yield, medium height, strong straw, low grain and flour protein, and low 1000-grain weight. It is moderately susceptible to leaf and head diseases, but it is the only cultivar available for the area that is resistant to the two prevalent races of loose smut (Ustilago tritici). Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat (winter), soft white, cultivar description

COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT TILLERS ACCLIMATED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. LEGGE ◽  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cold Hardy

The cold hardiness of tillers separated from the plant immediately before freezing (CTM) or left intact on the crown (ICM) was determined by artificial freeze tests on two sampling dates for four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars acclimated in the field. Plants with 9 and 13 tillers excluding coleoptile tillers were selected in mid-October and at the end of October, respectively. No differences in lethal dose temperature (LT50) were detected among CTM or ICM tillers sampled in mid-October. The three youngest CTM tillers sampled at the end of October were less cold hardy than older tillers. However, younger CTM tillers did not survive the unfrozen control treatment as well as older tillers. ICM tillers sampled at the end of October had the same LT50 except for one of the older tillers. No correlation was found between either the moisture content or dry weight and the LT50 of tillers. Winter survival of tillers was evaluated for two cultivars in the spring. Tillers of intermediate age and two of the youngest tillers had the highest survival rates. Tiller regeneration from axillary buds rather than the apical meristem occurred following cold stress and was negatively correlated to tiller emergence date. It was concluded that differences in cold hardiness among tillers must be taken into consideration if tillers are utilized to estimate the LT50 of a plant.Key words: Cold hardiness, tillers, winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., developmental stage, moisture content

Seed rates for soft white winter wheat in southwestern Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Teich ◽  
A. Smid
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Obsolete Cultivars

This study was undertaken to determine the optimum seed rate for soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars currently grown in southwestern Ontario (> 2900 corn heat units) where 65% of Ontario’s wheat is grown. The currently recommended density of 240–400 plants m−2 was determined using obsolete cultivars. Two popular cultivars, Harus, which tillers abundantly, and Rebecca, which tillers less, were grown from 100 to 600 seeds m−2 in increments of 100. The optimum seed rate for grain yield was 435 seeds m−2. This rate appears to be suitable for a range of genotypes adapted to southwestern Ontario. There was no interaction for yield among cultivars, years and locations. Yield was not related to tillering capacity, as the lower the plant density the more seeds there were per head. Key words: Wheat (winter), seed rate, tillering

CDC Kestrel winter wheat

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

CDC Kestrel is a lodging-resistant, high-yielding, semidwarf winter wheat with good winterhardiness and rust tolerance that is superior to Norstar. CDC Kestrel is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, wheat (winter)

CHANGES IN COLD HARDINESS OF OVERWINTERING WINTER WHEAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. ANDREWS ◽  
M. K. POMEROY ◽  
I. A. DE LA ROCHE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

Plantings of Rideau and Cappelle Desprez winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were made on 12, 21, and 28 September 1972, and sampled for cold hardiness and survival throughout the fall, winter, and spring. Samplings in winter from frozen soil were made with the aid of a concrete chipper with a vertically oscillating blade. Both wheat cultivars hardened rapidly in fall but the decline in hardiness and vigor under ice during winter was more rapid in Cappelle Desprez plants. Rideau plants rehardened after thawing of the ice cover. The greater hardiness and survival of Rideau plants was due possibly to their lower metabolic rate and consequent energy conservation under ice cover.

CDC Osprey winter wheat

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

CDC Osprey is a high-yielding, lodging-resistant, semidwarf winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with good winterhardiness. CDC Osprey has excellent grain quality. It has a grain protein concentration that is similar to Norstar combined with the superior agronomic performance of CDC Kestrel in Alberta and Saskatchewan. However, more susceptible rust reactions and lower grain yields than CDC Kestrel may limit the production of CDC Osprey in southeastern Manitoba. CDC Osprey is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat class. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, wheat (winter)

EFFECT OF RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID ON COLD HARDINESS AND WINTERKILL OF OVERWINTERING WINTER WHEAT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. THOMAS ◽  
R. A. BUTTS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Risk Of Fall ◽  
Cold Hardy

Russian wheat aphid (RWA) (Diruaphis noxia (Mordvilko)) is a new and cold-hardy pest of temperate cereals in western Canada. In view of the risk of fall infestation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.), this study was made to establish whether feeding by RWA can interfere with cold hardening and plant survival of overwintering winter wheat. Feeding by RWA significantly increased the LT50 of field-hardened Norstar winter wheat by + 2 to + 4 °C. Application of 400 g (a.i.) ha−1 of the insecticide chlorpyrifos in mid-October to control severe RWA infestations in two different fields of Norstar winter wheat significantly improved winter survival of the crop. The pattern of winterkill within the two fields suggested that this protective effect of chlorpyrifos was greatest in areas where microtopography resulted in the least accumulations of snow and cold stress was most intense. It was concluded that heavy RWA infestation in the fall significantly reduced freezing tolerance of winter wheat and increased the likelihood of winterkilling of the crop by severe cold.Key words: Winter survival, cold hardening, Diuraphis noxia, insecticide, chlorpyrifos, Triticum aestivum, crop damage

RELATIONSHIP OF SOIL FERTILITY TO COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT CROWNS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
M. S. KALDY
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Prairie Soil ◽  
Relationship Of

In two controlled-environment experiments, N fertilizer applied to a Dark Brown prairie soil decreased cold hardiness of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), while P applied in the absence of N had little effect. When applied together, P counteracted the effect of N and produced plants as hardy as those that had received no fertilizer. The soil was rich in K; consequently application of additional amounts of this element had no effect on cold hardiness. The correlation coefficient between dry weight of crowns and cold hardiness (LT50) was not sigificant, but that between water content and LT50 was highly significant.

Changes in the forms of invertase during the development of wheat leaves growing under cold-hardening and non-hardening conditions

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Single Variety

The proportion of peak I (molecular weight > 107) to peak II (molecular weight ca. 105) invertase increases in the leaves of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell ssp. vulgare, as they age. Elongating leaf tissues produced at 21 °C contain much higher levels of peak I plus peak II invertase than do mature leaves. Most of this invertase is peak II material. In cold-hardened plants, old leaf tissues contain much more peak I plus peak II invertase than do young or elongating leaves. Such old leaves contain mostly peak I invertase.The ratio of peak I to peak II invertase in the leaves or roots from cold-hardened plants is higher than that from comparable tissues of non-hardened plants.Earlier data showed that the ratios of the quantities of peak I to peak II invertase are highly correlated with cold hardiness when a group of common wheats grown under the same hardening conditions are compared but not when a single variety is grown under different hardening conditions. The present data show that the ratio of peak I to peak II invertase changes as the tissues age. Consequently, comparing the ratios of peak I with peak II invertase in plants consisting of tissues that are not of comparable ages will confound the effects of tissue age and tissue cold hardiness. Good correlations between cold hardiness and the ratio of peak I to peak II invertase cannot be expected and were not found in earlier work under such conditions.

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