CHANGES IN COLD HARDINESS OF OVERWINTERING WINTER WHEAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. ANDREWS ◽  
M. K. POMEROY ◽  
I. A. DE LA ROCHE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

Plantings of Rideau and Cappelle Desprez winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were made on 12, 21, and 28 September 1972, and sampled for cold hardiness and survival throughout the fall, winter, and spring. Samplings in winter from frozen soil were made with the aid of a concrete chipper with a vertically oscillating blade. Both wheat cultivars hardened rapidly in fall but the decline in hardiness and vigor under ice during winter was more rapid in Cappelle Desprez plants. Rideau plants rehardened after thawing of the ice cover. The greater hardiness and survival of Rideau plants was due possibly to their lower metabolic rate and consequent energy conservation under ice cover.

EFFECT OF A Rht GENE CONDITIONING THE SEMIDWARF CHARACTER ON WINTERHARDINESS IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. GILLILAND ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

In the northern part of the North American Great Plains, the level of cultivar winter-hardiness required for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is extremely high. Presently, available winter wheat cultivars with adequate winterhardiness are tall and, under favourable growing conditions, crop lodging and excessive amounts of straw can present serious production problems. Consequently, cultivars with short, stiff straw and a high harvest index would be desirable for high production areas within this region. However, semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness have not yet been developed. In this study, six GA-insensitive (Rht) semidwarf parents with poor to moderate winterhardiness were crossed with three GA-sensitive (rht) tall parents possessing good winterhardiness to produce 20 different single, three-way and double crosses. These crosses were evaluated to determine if the GA-insensitive character could be combined with a high level of winterhardiness in winter wheat. Gibberellic acid (GA) sensitivity analyses of F2 seedlings established that a single GA-insensitive gene was involved in each cross. F2-derived F3 and F3-derived F4 lines were assessed for GA-sensitivity and winterhardiness levels were determined from field survival at several locations in Saskatchewan, Canada. Winter survival of homozygous GA-sensitive and GA-insensitive lines were similar in both generations. Lines with winterhardiness levels similar to those of the three tall parent cultivars were recovered in all GA-response classes. The absence of a meaningful pleiotropic effect of Rht genes on winterhardiness indicates that the reason semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness levels have not been developed is due to the lack of a concentrated breeding effort to combine the two characters. A breeding strategy for the production of adapted winterhardy semidwarf winter wheat cultivars is discussed. The influence of endogenous gibberellin levels on cold hardiness in winter wheat is also considered.Key words: Cold hardiness, field survival, Triticum aestivum L, semidwarf, Gibberellic acid

scholarly journals Polymorphism of Gli-D1 alleles of Kragujevac’s winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genetika ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Desimir Knezevic ◽  
Aleksandra Novoselskaya-Dragovich
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Number Of Components ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Composition of gliadins encoded by Gli-D1 allele as well polymorphisms of Gli-D1 allele investigated in 25 wheat cultivars by using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoregrams obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used for estimation variability of gliadin components and identification of gliadin blocks. Five gliadin blocks encoded by different alleles at Gli-D1 locus were apparently expressed and identified. Gliadin blocks differed according to number of components and their molecular mass. Variability of determined block components indicates that existing polymorphisms of gliadins alleles. Frequency of identified 5 alleles at Gli-D1 locus was in ratio from 4% to 52%. The highest frequency of b allele and the of g allele was found.

Chromosomes in 'Cadet' and 'Rescue' wheats carrying loci for cold hardiness and vernalization response

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines

'Rescue', 'Cadet', and the 42 reciprocal chromosome substitution lines derived from these two spring wheat cultivars were tested for vernalization response and cold hardiness. Cold hardiness was tested after hardening under a 16-h day for 8 weeks with 6 °C day and 4 °C night temperatures or in the dark for 7 weeks at 0.8 °C followed by 8 weeks at −5 °C. Chromosomes 5A, 5B, 7B, and possibly 2A carried loci for vernalization response. Chromosomes 2A, 5A, and 5B carried loci affecting cold hardiness measured after 8 weeks in the light at 6 °C during the day and 4 °C at night, whereas chromosomes 6A, 3B, 5B, and 5D were involved in cold hardiness after hardening in the dark at 0.8 °C followed by −5 °C. The results suggest that the rank order of cultivars for cold hardiness depends on the hardening technique used since the two different techniques tested had different genetic and presumably somewhat different biochemical bases.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cold hardiness, vernalization.

AN EVALUATION OF SEVERAL CHEMICAL TESTS AS POSSIBLE SELECTION MEASURES FOR WINTERHARDINESS IN WHEAT

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. GUSTA ◽  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
N. J. TYLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Survival Prediction ◽  
Selection Measures ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Chemical Characters

Ten chemical characters and crown LT50s were measured on 14 cold-hardened cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) to determine their usefulness in winter survival prediction tests. Differences among genotypes with a range of cold hardiness potential (LT50 −13 °C to −20 °C) were significant for 6 to 10 characters evaluated. Crown LT50 was the best prediction of field survival (FSI). Cell sap viscosity, total crown nitrogen, crown ethanol, insoluble nitrogen, and crown uronic acid were highly correlated with both FSI and LT50. Proline, pH and ATP were not significantly correlated with either FSI or LT50.Key words: Chemical tests, selection, winterhardiness, wheat

COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT TILLERS ACCLIMATED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. LEGGE ◽  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cold Hardy

The cold hardiness of tillers separated from the plant immediately before freezing (CTM) or left intact on the crown (ICM) was determined by artificial freeze tests on two sampling dates for four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars acclimated in the field. Plants with 9 and 13 tillers excluding coleoptile tillers were selected in mid-October and at the end of October, respectively. No differences in lethal dose temperature (LT50) were detected among CTM or ICM tillers sampled in mid-October. The three youngest CTM tillers sampled at the end of October were less cold hardy than older tillers. However, younger CTM tillers did not survive the unfrozen control treatment as well as older tillers. ICM tillers sampled at the end of October had the same LT50 except for one of the older tillers. No correlation was found between either the moisture content or dry weight and the LT50 of tillers. Winter survival of tillers was evaluated for two cultivars in the spring. Tillers of intermediate age and two of the youngest tillers had the highest survival rates. Tiller regeneration from axillary buds rather than the apical meristem occurred following cold stress and was negatively correlated to tiller emergence date. It was concluded that differences in cold hardiness among tillers must be taken into consideration if tillers are utilized to estimate the LT50 of a plant.Key words: Cold hardiness, tillers, winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., developmental stage, moisture content

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