EFFECT OF KERNEL MOISTURE CONTENT AT HARVEST AND WINDROW VS. ARTIFICIAL DRYING ON QUALITY AND GRADE OF OATS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN M. CLARKE ◽  
GREG E. RIEMER ◽  
JOHN V. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
WILLIAM G. LEGGE
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Forced Air

Field experiments with the oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars Random Harmon and Kelsey were conducted for 3 yrs at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, for 2 yr at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, and for 3 yr with cultivars Random, Cascade and Athabasca at Beaverlodge, Alberta. Plots were harvested at kernel moisture contents (KMC) in the range of 15–45%. At Swift Current and Beaverlodge, material was dried in the field (windrowed) or artificially dried in a forced-air oven at 50 °C after threshing; all Saskatoon material was field-dried. Test weight, 1000-kernel weight, grain protein-N and commercial grade were determined. Grain protein-N was not affected by cutting time or drying method. Test weight of both windrowed and artificially dried material tended to increase as harvest was delayed until lower KMC values were reached. One-thousand-kernel weight was less affected by harvest KMC, but did increase as harvest was delayed until 35% KMC in some situations. Material cut at high KMC at Swift Current and Saskatoon was downgraded due to high proportions of green kernels, and in some instances, due to low test weight. The proportion of green kernels tended to be greater in the artificially dried than in the windrowed material at high harvest KMC values. The no.1 CW grade was not reached unless harvest was delayed until KMC was less than 20%, provided that there was no secondary tillering. Mildew and staining were major grading factors at Beaverlodge during 2 yr. particularly in the windrowed treatments. Grades tended to be higher in artificially dried material when rain occurred during the harvest period. Intrapanicle differences in maturation, which produce the varying proportions of green and mature kernels, were demonstrated in excised panicles using eosin dye and 14C-sucrose.

EFFECT OF HARVEST TIME AND DRYING METHOD ON YIELD, QUALITY AND GRADE CHARACTERISTICS OF BARLEY IN NORTHWEST ALBERTA

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
J. V. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
W. G. LEGGE
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Phosphorous Content ◽  
Yield Quality

Field experiments with three barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, Olli, Bonanza and Klages, were conducted for 3 yr at Beaverlodge, Alberta to determine the effect of harvest time and drying method on yield and quality. Plots were harvested at 5% kernel moisture content (KMC) intervals in the range of 45–15% and dried in the windrow or artificially dried. Yield, test weight, 1000-kernel weight, germination percent, protein content, phosphorous content and commercial grade were determined. Protein and phosphorous content were unaffected by the treatments. Windrowing at 40% KMC or less had little effect on yield or quality characteristics while threshing and artificially drying barley above 20% KMC reduced test weight and germination. Windrowing reduced yields of Olli and Klages barley by up to 19% compared to direct combining. Most treatments received feed grades, but the crop was most likely to meet Canada Western grades when windrowed at 30% KMC or less under favourable harvest conditions.Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., kernel moisture content, yield, quality

Evaluation of oat germplasm for resistance to diclofop-methyl

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Kibite ◽  
K. Neil Harker
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Parental Lines

In field experiments at Lacombe, Alberta, four diclofop-methyl tolerant oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes introduced from Australia generally exhibited greater tolerance to postemergence applications of diclofop-methyl at 0.8 kg a.i. ha−1 than five Canadian oat genotypes. Grain yield, height, test weight and kernel weight reductions caused by the herbicide were generally less for the Australian than the Canadian genotypes. However, the level of tolerance observed in the Australian genotypes was not sufficient to justify their use as parental lines to develop diclofop-methyl resistant cultivars. Key words: Avena sativa L., Avena fatua L., oat (wild), herbicide tolerance

Oat quality and yield as affected by kernel moisture at swathing

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. May ◽  
Ramona M. Mohr ◽  
Guy P. Lafond ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Yield And Quality

Increased demand for high-quality oat has rekindled interest in improving oat (Avena sativa L.) yield and quality by managing the timing of oat swathing. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of swathing at five levels of kernel moisture on yield and seed quality at Indian Head, SK, and Brandon, MB, from 1997 (Indian Head only) to 2000. The largest benefit to yield and quality was achieved when swathing was delayed from 50 to 41% kernel moisture. Kernel weight, plump seed and groat yield were optimized when kernel moisture was between 36 and 30% moisture content. Dockage, protein content and oil content also improved with later swathing dates. Swathing should not begin until a kernel moisture content of 41% has been reached. After 30% kernel moisture was reached, no improvement in oat yield and quality occurred when swathing was delayed any further. Key words: Avena sativa L., test weight, thin seed, groat yield, protein, germination

EFFECT OF HARVEST TIME AND DRYING METHOD ON THE YIELD, QUALITY AND GRADE OF HARD RED SPRING WHEAT IN NORTHWEST ALBERTA

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623
Author(s):  
J. V. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
W. G. LEGGE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Current Recommendation ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat

Two hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Neepawa and Columbus, were harvested at 5% kernel moisture content (KMC) intervals from 45% to 15% for three growing seasons. Two drying treatments, field drying in windrows and oven drying were evaluated. Yield, test weight, 1000-kernel weight, protein-N, falling number and commercial grade were determined. Protein-N and 1000-kernel weight were reduced when the crop was harvested above 40% and 35% KMC, respectively, but were not affected by drying method. Yield losses up to 12% were recorded with windrowing. Windrowing at 35% KMC or less in warm, dry conditions had little effect on test weight, falling numbers, and grade. Under wet conditions, windrowing above 20% KMC resulted in lower falling numbers and a loss of grade. Direct combining and artificial drying above 20% KMC lowered test weights, falling numbers and grade. The current recommendation of windrowing at 35% KMC is supported under good harvest conditions but either windrowing or straight combining at 20% KMC would be superior under damp harvest conditions.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., kernel moisture content, drying method, falling number, quality, grade

EFFECT OF HARVEST TIME AND DRYING METHOD ON QUALITY AND GRADE OF IRRIGATED SOFT WHITE SPRING WHEAT

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN M. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Yield Test ◽  
Forced Air

The soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Dirkwin and Fielder, and the hard red spring wheat cultivar Neepawa were grown under irrigation for 2 yr. Plots were harvested at seven kernel moisture contents (KMC) in the 45–15% moisture range. Material was dried in the field (windrowed) or artificially dried in a forced-air oven at 50 °C after threshing. Yield, test weight, 100-kernel weight, grain N, falling number and commercial grade were determined. Yield and grain N content were not affected by cutting time or drying method. Test weight of artificially dried material increased as cutting was delayed until lower KMC values were reached. In the windrowed treatment, test weight of Neepawa changed very little with cutting time, while that of Dirkwin and Fielder increased to a maximum at 25% KMC. The 1000-kernel weights of the cultivars increased as KMC fell in one of the two years. Falling number was constant for all cutting times in the windrowed treatment, but increased linearly as KMC at harvest fell in the artifically dried treatment. Commercial grades in the windrowed material had reached maximum by 35% KMC in all three cultivars. In the artificially dried material, maximum grades were not obtained unless cutting was delayed until KMC values of 20% or less were reached. Material cut at higher KMC levels lost grade due to the presence of immature kernels and to low test weight.

Ear moisture during kernel development as influenced by field and laboratory selection

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Z. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Laboratory Selection

Grain quality, timeliness of harvest, and profitability can be increased by improving field drying characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. To better understand hows genes control ear drying, I compared maize strains developed by divergently selecting three cycles for (1) high HM or low LM moisture content at 45 d post pollination in the field or (2) fast FD vs. slow ear drying SD In laboratory. A field study across five locations compared HM, LM, FD, and SD strains from each of five synthetics for grain yield, ear moisture at harvest, test weight, lodging, and other agronomic traits. I studied ear moisture during grain filling for two subsets of divergently selected strains from one and three synthetics for 2 yr. In a third 2-yr field study, I measured mature kernel weight, lag period duration (LPD), effective grain-filling period (EFPD), and rate of dry matter accumulation (RDMA) for LM and HM strains developed from each of four synthetics. When averaged across the five synthetics, both SD and LM selections produced equivalent yields but lower ear moisture at harvest than the corresponding divergent strains. The LM strains had higher test weights than HM strains. When averaged across three synthetics and 2 yr, the HM strains produced higher moisture than LM strains at 15, 30, 45, and 60 d after silking. However, environments also influenced moisture content of the kernels during grain filling. In three of the four synthetics studied, HM strains had heavier kernels than corresponding LM strains. The heavier kernels seem to be due to increased RDMA. When averaged across four synthetics, LM strains had shorter LPD than HM strains. These correlated selection responses suggest that a genetic association exists among moisture content during grain filling, moisture content at physiological maturity, moisture content at harvest, LPD, and test weight. Breeding for LM or SD should improve field-drying characteristics of maize without increasing stalk breakage or decreasing yields. Key words:Zea mays L., grain filling, dry-down rates, mass selection, breeding methods

Effect of leaf spotting diseases on grain yield and seed traits of wheat in southern Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
J. M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Weight Test

Although leaf spotting diseases have been reported to have a negative effect on grain yield and seed characteristics of wheat (Triticum spp.), the magnitude of such effects on wheat grown on dryland in southern Saskatchewan is not known. A fungicide experiment was conducted at Swift Current (Brown soil) and Indian Head (Black soil) from 1997 to 1999 to determine the effect of leaf spotting diseases on yield and seed traits of wheat. Two fungicides, Folicur 3.6F and Bravo 500, were applied at different growth stages on three common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and three durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var durum) genotypes. Fungicide treatments generally did not affect yield, kernel weight, test weight or grain protein concentration, and these effects were relatively consistent among genotypes. Folicur applied at head emergence in 1997 and at flag leaf emergence and/or head emergence in 1998 increased yield at Indian Head (P < 0.05). Fungicides applied at and before flag leaf emergence tended to increase kernel weight. Grain protein concentration increased only in treatments of Bravo applications at Indian Head in 1998. These results suggested that under the dryland environment and management in southern Saskatchewan leaf spotting diseases generally have a small effect on yield, kernel weight, test weight and protein concentration. Key words: Wheat, leaf spotting diseases, fungicide, yield

Effect of sowing rate on grain yield, kernel weight, and grain protein percentage of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in northern New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Doyle ◽  
RW Kingston
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
South Wales

The effect of sowing rate (10-110 kg/ha) on the grain yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was determined from a total of 20 field experiments conducted in northern New South Wales from 1983 to 1986. Effects of sowing rate on kernel weight and grain protein percentage were also determined from 12 experiments conducted in 1985 and 1986. Two barley varieties were tested each year. In all years fallow plus winter rainfall was equal to or greater than average. Grain yield increased with higher sowing rates in most experiments, with the response curve reaching a plateau above 60-70 kg/ha. For 13 of the 40 variety x year combinations, grain yield fell at the highest sowing rates. Only in an experiment where lodging increased substantially with higher sowing rates was there a reduction in yield at a sowing rate of 60 kg/ha. The average sowing rate for which 5 kg grain was produced per kg of seed sown was 63 kg/ha. Grain protein percentage usually fell, and kernel weight invariably fell, with increasing sowing rate. Increasing sowing rates from the normal commercial rate of 35 kg/ha to a rate of 60 kg/ha typically increased grain yields by 100-400 kg/ha, decreased kernel weight by 0.4-2.0 mg, and decreased grain protein by up to 0.5 percentage points. In no case was the grain weight reduced to below malting specifications. It was concluded that sowing rates for barley in northern New South Wales should be increased to about 60 kg/ha.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HARVEST TIME AND DRYING METHOD ON QUALITY AND GRADE OF SPRING TRITICALE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-856
Author(s):  
JOHN M. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Water Concentration ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
X Triticosecale ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

Two spring triticale (X-Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivars, Carman and Welsh, and one advanced-generation breeding line were grown under field conditions for 3 yr to study the effects of harvest time and drying method on quality and grade. Plots were harvested at six to seven intervals when kernel water concentration was in the 1000 to 100 g water per kilogram kernel dry weight range. Grain was dried in the field in simulated windrows or artificially dried in a forced-air oven at 40–45 °C. Test weight, 1000-kernel weight, falling number, germination, and commercial grade were determined. Test weight increased with decreasing kernel water concentration at harvest, particularly in the artificially dried treatment. Test weight was greater in the windrowed than in the artificially dried treatment, especially for harvests made at high water concentrations. Harvest at high kernel water concentrations tended to reduce 1000-kernel weight, more so in the windrowed than in the artificially dried treatment. Although falling numbers were influenced by harvest time and drying method, there were no clear trends. Germination was reduced in material cut at a kernel water concentration above 680 g∙kg−1 in 1 of 2 years. Grades were reduced by artificial drying of grain, particularly when harvested at high kernel water concentrations. Grades were unaffected by windrowing at kernel water concentrations of up to 1000 g∙kg−1.Key words: X-Triticosecale Wittmack, test weight, falling number, germination, windrow

Improving the Accuracy of Electronic Moisture Meters for Runner-Type Peanuts

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
M. C. Lamb ◽  
C. L. Butts ◽  
P. D. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Peanut Kernel ◽  
Calibration Equation ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Weight Data

ABSTRACT Runner-type peanut kernel moisture content (MC) is measured periodically during curing and post harvest processing with electronic moisture meters for marketing and quality control. MC is predicted for 250 g samples of kernels with a mathematical function from measurements of various physical properties. To examine the accuracy of the function used in the Dickey-john GAC2100 for measuring MC of runner-type peanuts, 421 samples were measured with the meter and compared to oven MC data subsequently determined using ASAE Standard S410.1. Peanut moisture content for the peanuts according to the meter averaged 19.1% with a SD of 15.4%. Oven moisture contents had a mean of 17.3% and a SD of 8.5%. Means were significantly different (P  =  0.001). A calibration equation was derived from capacitance, conductance, temperature, and test weight data provided by the meter and compared to oven MC data. Moisture contents calculated from the calibration equation had a 17.3% mean and an 8.5% SD equaling values for oven determined moisture contents. Results of the study indicate that the accuracy of the meter in predicting moisture content can be improved considerably utilizing currently collected data and the derived calibration equation developed.

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