EFFECT OF HARVEST TIME AND DRYING METHOD ON QUALITY AND GRADE OF IRRIGATED SOFT WHITE SPRING WHEAT

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN M. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Yield Test ◽  
Forced Air

The soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Dirkwin and Fielder, and the hard red spring wheat cultivar Neepawa were grown under irrigation for 2 yr. Plots were harvested at seven kernel moisture contents (KMC) in the 45–15% moisture range. Material was dried in the field (windrowed) or artificially dried in a forced-air oven at 50 °C after threshing. Yield, test weight, 100-kernel weight, grain N, falling number and commercial grade were determined. Yield and grain N content were not affected by cutting time or drying method. Test weight of artificially dried material increased as cutting was delayed until lower KMC values were reached. In the windrowed treatment, test weight of Neepawa changed very little with cutting time, while that of Dirkwin and Fielder increased to a maximum at 25% KMC. The 1000-kernel weights of the cultivars increased as KMC fell in one of the two years. Falling number was constant for all cutting times in the windrowed treatment, but increased linearly as KMC at harvest fell in the artifically dried treatment. Commercial grades in the windrowed material had reached maximum by 35% KMC in all three cultivars. In the artificially dried material, maximum grades were not obtained unless cutting was delayed until KMC values of 20% or less were reached. Material cut at higher KMC levels lost grade due to the presence of immature kernels and to low test weight.

EFFECT OF HARVEST TIME AND DRYING METHOD ON THE YIELD, QUALITY AND GRADE OF HARD RED SPRING WHEAT IN NORTHWEST ALBERTA

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-623
Author(s):  
J. V. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
W. G. LEGGE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Current Recommendation ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat

Two hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Neepawa and Columbus, were harvested at 5% kernel moisture content (KMC) intervals from 45% to 15% for three growing seasons. Two drying treatments, field drying in windrows and oven drying were evaluated. Yield, test weight, 1000-kernel weight, protein-N, falling number and commercial grade were determined. Protein-N and 1000-kernel weight were reduced when the crop was harvested above 40% and 35% KMC, respectively, but were not affected by drying method. Yield losses up to 12% were recorded with windrowing. Windrowing at 35% KMC or less in warm, dry conditions had little effect on test weight, falling numbers, and grade. Under wet conditions, windrowing above 20% KMC resulted in lower falling numbers and a loss of grade. Direct combining and artificial drying above 20% KMC lowered test weights, falling numbers and grade. The current recommendation of windrowing at 35% KMC is supported under good harvest conditions but either windrowing or straight combining at 20% KMC would be superior under damp harvest conditions.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., kernel moisture content, drying method, falling number, quality, grade

LOSS OF GREEN COLOR AND CHANGES IN KERNEL WEIGHT FOLLOWING WINDROWING OF IMMATURE WHEAT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Green Kernel ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Forced Air

A field study was conducted to determine the effects of stage of maturity at harvest on kernel weight and color of two cultivars each of hard red spring (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum (T. turgidum L. var. durum) wheat dried in windrows or artificially following threshing. Plots were cut at kernel water concentrations (KWC) ranging from approximately 160 to 2200 g water per kilogram kernel dry weight and left in the field to dry in simulated windrows. A subsample was threshed and the grain dried in a forced-air oven at 40 °C and under ambient laboratory conditions of 25–30 °C. Percent green kernels and kernel weights were determined on the field- and artificially-dried samples. Differences among cultivars in green kernel percentage appeared to be largely related to maturity differences. Green kernel percentage dropped below 0.75 (top commercial grade tolerance) at higher harvest KWC in the windrowed samples than in the artificially dried samples. In unevenly matured crops, green kernel percentages in excess of 0.75% remained a risk even at harvest KWC approaching combine ripeness (170 g kg−1). There was little difference in green kernel percentage of the ambient-air-dried and oven-dried grain when harvested at commercially realistic KWC less than 250 g kg−1. Kernel weight increased in windrowed wheat harvested at KWC greater than 1200 g kg−1, presumably through translocation of assimilates from the straw. No such translocation was detected in wheat windrowed within the recommended KWC range of 640–670 g kg−1.Key words: Ambient air drying, artificial drying, windrowing, wheat (hard red spring), wheat (durum)

scholarly journals AAC Redstar hard red spring wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew James Burt ◽  
D.G. Humphreys ◽  
J. Mitchell Fetch ◽  
Denis Green ◽  
Thomas Fetch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AAC Redstar is an early maturing, high yielding hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that is well adapted to the northern Canadian Prairies and eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat. Over three years (2016-2018) of testing in the Parkland Wheat Cooperative registration trials, AAC Redstar was 11% higher yielding than AC Splendor, 6% higher than Parata, and 4% higher than Glenn and Carberry. AAC Redstar matured 3 days earlier than Glenn, 2 days earlier than Carberry and had similar maturity to Parata. AAC Redstar was shorter than all checks except Carberry and had better lodging resistance compared to all the check cultivars in the registration trial. The test weight and thousand kernel weight of AAC Redstar were similar to Carberry. The grain protein concentration of AAC Redstar was 0.2% lower than Carberry. AAC Redstar was rated moderately resistant to Fusarium head blight, leaf rust, stripe rust and common bunt. AAC Redstar had resistant reactions to loose smut, and stem rust. AAC Redstar was registered under the CWRS market class.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HARVEST TIME AND DRYING METHOD ON QUALITY AND GRADE OF SPRING TRITICALE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-856
Author(s):  
JOHN M. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Water Concentration ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
X Triticosecale ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

Two spring triticale (X-Triticosecale Wittmack) cultivars, Carman and Welsh, and one advanced-generation breeding line were grown under field conditions for 3 yr to study the effects of harvest time and drying method on quality and grade. Plots were harvested at six to seven intervals when kernel water concentration was in the 1000 to 100 g water per kilogram kernel dry weight range. Grain was dried in the field in simulated windrows or artificially dried in a forced-air oven at 40–45 °C. Test weight, 1000-kernel weight, falling number, germination, and commercial grade were determined. Test weight increased with decreasing kernel water concentration at harvest, particularly in the artificially dried treatment. Test weight was greater in the windrowed than in the artificially dried treatment, especially for harvests made at high water concentrations. Harvest at high kernel water concentrations tended to reduce 1000-kernel weight, more so in the windrowed than in the artificially dried treatment. Although falling numbers were influenced by harvest time and drying method, there were no clear trends. Germination was reduced in material cut at a kernel water concentration above 680 g∙kg−1 in 1 of 2 years. Grades were reduced by artificial drying of grain, particularly when harvested at high kernel water concentrations. Grades were unaffected by windrowing at kernel water concentrations of up to 1000 g∙kg−1.Key words: X-Triticosecale Wittmack, test weight, falling number, germination, windrow

Stettler hard red spring wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M DePauw ◽  
R E Knox ◽  
F R Clarke ◽  
J M Clarke ◽  
T N McCaig
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Grain Volume Weight ◽  
End Use

Based on 34 replicated trials over 3 yr, Stettler, a doubled haploid hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), expressed significantly higher grain yield than all checks except Superb. Wheat and flour protein concentration were significantly greater than all of the checks except Lillian. It matured significantly later than AC Barrie and Katepwa but earlier than Superb. Stettler was significantly shorter than all of the checks except Superb and was more resistant to lodging than Katepwa and Laura. Stettler had high grain volume weight and intermediate kernel weight relative to the checks, and meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class. Stettler expressed resistance to prevalent races of stem rust, common bunt and loose smut, with moderate susceptibility to prevalent races of leaf rust and fusarium head blight.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, grain yield, protein, disease resistance, doubled haploid

VALOR, A WINTER FEED WHEAT FOR THE MARITIMES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. SAMPSON ◽  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Yield Test

Valor is a new, medium-hard, red winter feed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that is adapted to the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Valor was licensed in July 1981. Compared with Lennox, the principal winter wheat of the area, Valor has slightly higher yield, test weight and 1000-kernel weight, as well as greater winter survival and more resistance to powdery mildew. Valor has slightly weaker straw and lower grain protein.

EFFECT OF KERNEL WATER CONCENTRATION AT HARVEST AND DRYING METHOD ON GRADES OF RED SPRING AND DURUM WHEATS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN M. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Drying Test

Effects of kernel water concentration at harvest, and windrow compared to artificial drying, were determined in two red spring (Triticum aestivum L.) and three durum (T. turgidum L. var. durum) cultivars. Grain harvested at kernel water concentrations of 1000 to < 170 g water per kilogram kernel dry weight was dried in the field in simulated windrows or artificially in a forced-air oven (40–45 °C). Test weight and commercial grades were determined. Artificial drying of immature wheat reduced grades, primarily due to numbers of green kernels. Green kernel levels reduced grades of windrowed durum wheat in 1 of 3 years. In the absence of grade-limiting levels of green kernels, test weight limited grades of durum in 1 year, particularly in the windrowed treatment. In a separate experiment, percentages of green kernels were determined in field-scale windrowed and standing hard red spring and durum wheat crops. Levels of green kernels declined at similar rates in standing and windrowed crops. The kernel water concentration at which level of green kernels dropped to 0.75%, the maximum level tolerated in the top grades of hard red spring and durum wheat, was lower in dry years when maturity was forced than in moist years.Key words: Wheat (red spring), wheat (durum), windrowing, artificial drying, test weight

AAC Crossfield red spring wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
H.S. Randhawa ◽  
P.D. Brown ◽  
J. Mitchell Fetch ◽  
T. Fetch ◽  
J. Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Wheat Market ◽  
Market Class

AAC Crossfield, an awned hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, combines high grain yield and good agronomic characteristics with excellent resistance to leaf, stem, and stripe rust. AAC Crossfield is significantly shorter than Conquer and AAC Foray, and has maturity, straw strength, and test weight similar to the check cultivars. AAC Crossfield has improved farinograph stability and is eligible for grade in the Canada Prairie Spring Red wheat market class.

McKenzie hard red spring wheat

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Graf ◽  
P. Hucl ◽  
B. R. Orshinsky ◽  
K. K. Kartha
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Intermediate Resistance ◽  
High Test ◽  
Hagberg Falling Number

McKenzie hard red spring wheat is the first doubled haploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar registered in Canada. Evaluation in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative registration tests from 1994 to 1996 was relative to Neepawa, Katepwa, Roblin and AC M ajestic. McKenzie displayed high grain yield, early maturity, high test weight and high Hagberg falling number. It had resistance to the prevalent races of stem rust, leaf rust, and common bunt, and exhibited intermediate resistance to Fusarium head bligh t. McKenzie is well adapted to all areas of the Canadian prairies and eligible for all grades of Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat. Key words:

Muchmore hard red spring wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Depauw ◽  
R. E. Knox ◽  
T. N. McCaig ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
J. M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Market ◽  
Quality Specifications ◽  
End Use ◽  
Moderate Resistance

DePauw, R. M., Knox, R. E., McCaig, T. N., Clarke, F. R. and Clarke, J. M. 2011. Muchmorehard red spring wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 797–803. Based on 36 replicated trials over 3 yr, Muchmore, a doubled haploid hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), averaged up to 20% more grain yield than the checks. It matured significantly later than AC Barrie, Katepwa and Lillian. Muchmore was significantly shorter than all of the checks and was significantly more resistant to lodging than Katepwa, Laura and Lillian. Muchmore had significantly higher test weight than Katepwa and Lillian, intermediate kernel weight relative to the checks, and meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class. Muchmore expressed resistance to prevalent races of leaf rust, stem rust and common bunt, moderate resistance to loose smut, and moderate susceptibility to fusarium head blight.

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