SHOOT TISSUE CULTURE OF APPLE: COMPARATIVE RESPONSE OF FIVE CULTIVARS TO CYTOKININ AND AUXIN

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. LANE ◽  
J. M. McDOUGALD
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Comparative Response ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Rooting Response ◽  
Scion Cultivar

Shoot cultures of five apple cultivars, M.27, M.9, M.26, MM.111 and Macspur, a strain of McIntosh, were established in vitro and their response to different concentrations of cytokinin (benzyladenine, BA) and auxin (naphtheleneacetic acid, NAA) were measured. At the three BA concentrations tested (1.0, 5.0 and 10 μM) cultivars differed in the number of shoots produced and in their requirements for BA for optimum shoot production. M.27 produced the most shoots followed by Macspur, M.9 and M.26. The best concentration of BA for shoot production was 5.0 μM for Macspur and M.26 but slightly higher for M.27 and M.9. Rooting response was tested at NAA concentrations of 0.1, 0.33, 1.0, 3.3, 10 and 33 μM. The range of concentrations in which rootstock cultivars rooted was broader than for the scion cultivar Macspur and the percent rooting of rootstocks (about 85%) was higher than Macspur (58%). The most rooting occurred at 1.0 or 3.3 μM NAA. M.9 produced callus, which prevented rooting, when chronically exposed to NAA so a procedure of acute treatment was used. This allowed root initials to form but avoided callogenesis. Possible reasons for the different responses of the cultivars to cytokinin and auxin are discussed.

scholarly journals Ex Vitro Rooting of American Chestnut Improves Acclimatization Survival and Plantlet Quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison D Oakes ◽  
Tyler R. Desmarais ◽  
William A. Powell ◽  
Charles A. Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Ex Vitro Rooting ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Regulatory Review ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Virus Indexing

Tissue culture of plants has many applications, from producing genetically identical horticultural varieties, to production of secondary metabolites, to virus indexing, and most relevantly, developing novel traits by genetic transformation. Using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation on somatic embryos, blight-resistant American chestnuts [Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.] have been developed as shoot cultures in plant tissue culture. Rooting tissue-cultured shoots and acclimatizing the rooted plantlets are key steps in tree production. In this study, in vitro and ex vitro rooting methods were compared. The ex vitro method resulted in a lower initial rooting percentage but an overall higher survival percentage, resulting in higher potted plant production. The higher survival was likely due to partial acclimatization taking place before the plantlets were transplanted into potting mix. After 8 weeks, plantlets rooted via the ex vitro method were taller, and had more, and larger, leaves than the in vitro-rooted plantlets. These trees are currently in high demand for inoculation studies for federal regulatory review and eventually for restoration of this keystone species to its native habitat.

scholarly journals COLD STORAGE OF IN VITRO RUBUS GERMPLASM

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 695f-695
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Plastic Tissue Culture

In vitro cold storage of Rubus germplasm was investigated using several environmental conditons and types of storage containers. Shoot cultures of Rubus species and cultivars were grown in either tissue culture bags or 20 × 150 mm glass tubes and compared for plant condition and survival under various storage conditions. Cultures stored at 10 C in the dark were in poor condition after 6 months. Cultures kept at 4 C were in much better condition and had higher survival rates after 18 months when stored with a 12 h daylength rather than total darkness. Overall there were no differences in survival or condition between cultures in tubes and bags. Contamination rates were 15% in tubes and 0% in bags. Plants in tissue culture bags could be stored for 9 months at 25 C with 16 h light when the nitrogen level of the MS medium was reduced to 25% and the medium volume was increased from 10 to 20 ml per bag. Genotype differences were apparent under all conditions tested. The best storage condition for Rubus germplasm was 4 C with 12 h light. Plastic tissue culture bags were preferred over tubes due to lower contamination rates.

Heritability of in vitro characteristics and correlation with field performance in Pinusradiata

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1944-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. Bergmann ◽  
Anne-Marie Stomp ◽  
Sue D. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Almost All

Twenty-nine full-sib crosses were used in an in vitro adventitious shoot production trial with Pinusradiata D. Don. Analyses with four pairs of reciprocal crosses showed that seed-size effects are significant for seed weight prior to tissue culture and embryo weight after 6 days in vitro. However, no significant influence of initial seed size was found on any other interim tissue-culture trait or on final shoot production. Narrow-sense heritabilities, calculated using nine half-sib families each comprising two full-sib crosses, were high for most tissue culture traits. For number of shoots per embryo they were 0.53 ± 0.22 based on individuals and 0.94 based on family means. Subsets of the families used in the tissue-culture study were represented in two field trials. One included parents of 11 of the control-pollinated families, and one included offspring from 13 of the control-pollinated families. Nine families were common to both field trials. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined between each of 13 in vitro traits and six field characteristics measured in one trial and seven traits in the other trial (five traits in common between the two field trials). Almost all correlations were nonsignificant. The significant correlations found were fewer than the number to be expected by chance alone when calculating such a large number of correlations. Thus, this study provides no evidence for significant associations between the in vitro traits measured, including frequency of highly proliferative embryos and shoot production per embryo, and the field characteristics assessed, including diameter, straightness, malformation, branch habit, needle retention, percent acceptable stems, Dothistroma resistance, and pilodyn rating.

IN VITRO SHOOT PRODUCTION OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN J. FRETT ◽  
JOHN M. SMAGULA
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Number Of Shoots

The six most distal buds of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) from shoots previously developed in tissue culture were transferred to media with 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 or 30 mg/L 2, 6 (γ,γ-dimethylallyl-amino)-purine (2ip) and 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 mg/L indoleacetic acid (IAA). The positional origin of the bud explant had little effect on number of shoots and no effect on total length of shoots produced. Shoot number and total length of shoots per tube increased with increasing 2ip concentrations. Increasing IAA concentrations decreased shoot numbers but had no effect on total length of shoots. Shoots were removed from culture after 8 wk and rooted in a peat, vermiculite and perlite medium. Percent rooting increased with increasing 2ip concentration and decreased with increasing IAA concentration in the proliferation medium.Key words: Lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium

scholarly journals In Vitro Shoot Regeneration of Georgia Plume, Elliottia racemosa, from Multiple Genotypes Collected from Wild Populations

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Radcliffe ◽  
James M. Affolter ◽  
Hazel Y. Wetzstein
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration

Georgia plume (Elliottia racemosa, Ericaceae) is a threatened, woody plant endemic to Georgia's Coastal Plain region in the southeastern United States. Populations of the plant have a fragmented distribution within a restricted range and are characterized by low genetic diversity and a lack of sexual recruitment. Georgia plume cannot be effectively propagated using conventional methods. We have developed an in vitro shoot regeneration system that is effective with explants obtained from mature plants in the wild. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of using this in vitro protocol to regenerate proliferating shoot cultures from 34 georgia plume genotypes obtained from divergent populations. Young expanding leaves were cultured on Gamborg's media supplemented with 10 μM thidiazuron and 5 μM indole-3-acetic acid. After 8 weeks, tissues were transferred to a shoot elongation medium with 25 μM 2-isopentenyl adenine. Of the 34 genotypes tested, 91% formed shoot primordia and 85% regenerated shoots within 6 months of inoculation. This study verifies that tissue culture can be used to produce adventitious shoots from a wide range of georgia plume genotypes. Within a coordinated conservation program, tissue culture is a feasible system to use for safeguarding and reintroduction of genetically diverse plant material, which may be critical to the survival of this rare species.

IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF SPIREA BUMALDA AND PRUNUS CISTENA FROM SHOOT APICES

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. DAVID LANE
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Shoot Apices ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Multiple Shoot Cultures

A procedure was developed to produce large numbers of plants from multiple shoot, cultures which were obtained from shoot apices 1–5 mm long of Spirea bumalda ’Anthony Waterer’ and Prunus cistena grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 5 μM benzyladenine. Shoot production, harvested every 3–4 wk, yielded 300–400 shoots of Spirea and approximately 35 of Prunus per cycle. The salt concentration of MS inhibited rooting was reduced by half. Liquid media usually resulted in greater percent rooting than agar. Although there was some rooting of both species in medium without naphthalenacetic acid, this auxin increased rooting of both species with optima at about 0.1 μM for Spirea and 1 μM for Prunus.

scholarly journals MULTIPLIKASI IN VITRO ANGGREK HITAM (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) PADA PERLAKUAN KOMBINASI NAA DAN BAP

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Kartiman ◽  
Dewi Sukma ◽  
Syarifah Iis Aisyah ◽  
Agus Purwito
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Over Exploitation ◽  
Germinating Seeds

In Vitro Multiplication of  Black Orchid (Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.) Using the Combination of NAA and BAPABSTRACTBlack orchid is an indigenous plant from Kalimantan, Indonesia. It becomes endangered because of forest over-exploitation and its low natural reproduction rate. Tissue culture is considered to offer a solution to conserve and propagate this species. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of Naphtalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and 6-Benzile Amino Purine (BAP) on shoots multiplication of black orchid. The basic medium used was a half of Murashige & Skoog (MS) composition supplemented with 150 mLL-1 coconut water. Initial explants used were 6-month-old shoots of germinating seeds. The shoot cultures were incubated for 23 weeks. Results showed that the best combination for shoot multiplication was NAA 0.0 mgL-1 with BAP 0.2 mgL-1. Shoot grew better on medium with BAP and without NAA while roots growth was better on medium without the two plant growth regulators. The addition of BAP up to 0.3 mgL-1 increased the leaf number, which however decreased at higher BAP concentration.Keywords: BAP, black orchid, Coelogyne pandurata, multiplication, NAA ABSTRAKAnggrek hitam merupakan flora langka asli Kalimantan, Indonesia. Keberadaa anggrek ini di alam semakin langka akibat eksploitasi berlebihan dan sulitnya perbanyakan secara alami. Kultur jaringan merupakan metode untuk mengatasi kelangkaan anggrek ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi NAA dan BAP terhadap multiplikasi anggrek hitam. Media dasar yang digunakan adalah ½ MS dengan penambahan air kelapa 150 mLL-1. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah tunas hasil semai biji umur 6 bulan. Kultur tunas diinkubasi selama 23 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi terbaik untuk multiplikasi tunas adalah NAA 0 mgL-1 dengan BAP 0,2 mgL-1. Tunas tumbuh lebih baik dalam media dengan penambahan BAP tanpa NAA, sedangkan akar pada media tanpa NAA dan BAP. Penambahan BAP sampai 0.3 mgL-1 mampu meningkatkan jumlah daun, namun menurun dengan penambahan di atas konsentrasi tersebut.Kata Kunci: anggrek hitam, BAP, Coelogyne pandurata, multiplikasi, NAA

scholarly journals In vitro shoot proliferation of sweet cherry cultivars Karešova and Rivan

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sedlák ◽  
F. Paprštein
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Proliferation Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Sweet Cherry Cultivars

The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of optimizing routine tissue culture methods to proliferate two sweet cherry cultivars Karešova and Rivan. Shoot tips of two genotypes were successfully established <i>in vitro</I>. Six proliferation MS media containing 1, 2 and 4 mg/l BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 0.5 and 1 mg/l TDZ (thidiazuron) or 10 mg/l 2iP (6-(&gamma;, &gamma;-dimethylallylamino)purine) were tested. The highest proliferation rate (3.0 ± 0.1) was obtained for Rivan on MS medium containing 2 mg/l BAP. In the case of cultivar Karešova, any of the cytokinins tested did not promote satisfactory proliferation. The highest proliferation rate (1.6) achieved on MS medium with 2 mg/l 2iP is not sufficient for a larger scale <i>in vitro</i> shoot production. It was proved that different genotypes of sweet cherry do not respond in the same way during proliferation <i>in vitro</i>. Future research and testing of other media and plant growth regulators will be carried out.

scholarly journals Improved Survival of in Vitro-stored Rubus Germplasm

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Glass Tubes ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Plastic Tissue Culture

Medium-term in vitro cold storage of Rubus germplasm was investigated using various temperatures, photoperiods, and storage containers. Shoot cultures of several Rubus taxa were grown either in tissue-culture hags or 20 × 150-mm glass tubes. Cultures stored at 10C in darkness were in poor condition after 6 months. Overall survival and condition ratings were significantly better for bags than tubes when cultures were kept at 4C. Contamination was present in 14% of the tubes, but only 3% of the bags. Addition of a 12-hour photoperiod to 4C storage significantly improved both condition ratings and survival percentages of many individual genotypes. Evaluation of the 250-accession germplasm collection after 12 months at 4C (dark) showed 92% of accessions in bags and 85% in tubes in suitable condition to remain in storage. Storage of cold-sensitive genotypes in tissue-culture bags at 25C with a 16-hour daylength was extended to 9 months when the MS-medium nitrogen level was reduced to 25% of standard concentration. Survival of `Mandarin' raspberry stored for 9 months improved from 40% at 4C (100% N) to 90% at 25C (25% N). Results of these studies suggest that most Rubus germplasm can be stored safely at 4C with 12 hours of light. Plastic tissue-culture bags are preferred over tubes due to higher survival and lower contamination rates. Storage at 25C on reduced-nitrogen medium is an alternative method for cold-sensitive genotypes.

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