THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RUSSIAN AND ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS AND CRESTED WHEATGRASS AS INFLUENCED BY N FERTILIZATION AND DATE OF HARVEST

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. LAWRENCE ◽  
G. E. WINKLEMAN ◽  
F. G. WARDER
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum

The effects of three rates of N fertilizer and nine fortnightly dates of initial harvest on the N, P, Ca, Mg and K concentrations and the K/(Ca + Mg) ratio of Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.), Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum Fisch. Schult.) were studied on irrigated land for 2 yr. The N, P, K and K/(Ca + Mg) ratios declined with increasing maturity. The N, P, and K concentrations tended to increase with N fertilization, while N fertilization appeared to have little influence on percent Ca, percent Mg and the K/(Ca + Mg) ratio. Altai wild ryegrass had a higher N, P, Ca, Mg, K and K/(Ca + Mg) ratio than RWR which, in turn, was higher than CWG. Crested wheatgrass utilized prior to early June, RWR utilized prior to late June, and AWR utilized prior to early July had the suggested minimum level for lactating beef cows of 1.60% N. Only samples cut during May equalled the suggested minimum of 0.32% P. Supplementation with N and P may be required with rations or pastures using these grasses in June or later. The percent K was adequate on all sampling dates. The K/(Ca + Mg) ratio for CWG did not exceed the suggested maximum of 2.2, but the ratio for AWR and RWR was above this maximum for May, June and part of July, indicating there may be some danger of grass tetany with these grasses during the May-June period and supplementation with Mg and/or Ca may be required for good performance.

YIELD AND DIGESTIBILITY OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS AND RUSSIAN AND ALTAI WILD RYEGRASSES AS INFLUENCED BY N FERTILIZATION AND DATE OF FIRST CUTTING

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. LAWRENCE ◽  
J. E. KNIPFEL
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The effects of three rates of N fertilizer and nine dates of initial harvest on the dry matter (DM) yield, recovery, organic matter digestibility (OMD), and yield of digestible organic matter (DOM) of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult.), Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.), and Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.) were studied on irrigated land for 2 yr. Russian wild ryegrass produced the highest yield in May, while the yield of crested wheatgrass equalled that of Russian wild ryegrass in June. Altai wild ryegrass yielded more dry matter than either Russian wild ryegrass or crested wheatgrass in July and August. Altai wild ryegrass showed the best recovery after cutting and produced the highest total DM yield. Crested wheatgrass had the lowest and Altai wild ryegrass the highest OMD. Nitrogen fertilizer application resulted in increased DM yield, increased OMD, and higher yield of DOM.

NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS, RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS, AND CRESTED WHEATGRASS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-740
Author(s):  
T. LAWRENCE ◽  
G. E. WINKLEMAN ◽  
F. G. WARDER
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum ◽  
Short Period

The effects of three rates of N fertilizer and nine dates of initial harvest on the nitrate content of Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.), Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum Fisch. Schult) were studied on irrigated land for 2 yr. The nitrate content of the forage of all three grasses increased with increasing rates of N fertilizer and varied with date of harvest. Toxic levels of nitrates (> 2000 ppm) were found in forage of all three grasses fertilized with 400 kg N/ha. Altai wild ryegrass accumulated toxic levels of nitrates more readily than Russian wild ryegrass and both ryegrasses accumulated toxic levels of nitrate more readily than crested wheatgrass. It is suggested that toxic levels of NO3-N can be expected in Altai and Russian wild ryegrass fertilized with 400 kg N/ha, but crested wheatgrass fertilized at similar rates should have toxic levels for only a short period, if at all.

THE PRODUCTIVITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS AS INFLUENCED BY TIME OF IRRIGATION AND TIME AND RATE OF N FERTILIZATION

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1179-1189
Author(s):  
T. LAWRENCE ◽  
G. E. WINKLEMAN ◽  
F. G. WARDER ◽  
H. C. KORVEN
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
N Content ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
P Content

The effects of five times of irrigation, two times of N-fertilizer application and four rates of N-fertilizer application on the seed yield, dry matter yield, N, P, NO3-N, Ca, Mg, and K content and K/(Ca+Mg) ratio of Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.), were studied from 1974 to 1977. No clear-cut methods to maximize the seed yield on irrigated land were found. Highest dry matter yields were obtained from grass given three irrigations and 400 kg N/ha per year. Spring applications of N fertilizer resulted in forage with a higher N content than fall applications. The N content of the forage increased with increasing levels of N fertilizer, whereas the P content of the forage was reduced by N fertilizer applications. Toxic levels of nitrates can be expected from spring applications of 400 kg N/ha. This danger was reduced if N fertilizer was applied in the fall. The Ca, Mg and K content increased with increasing levels of N fertilizer. The K/(Ca+Mg) ratio indicated that there was little danger of grass tetany problems in animals fed fertilized Altai wild ryegrass.

Effect of harvesting stage on cereal and legume forage production in low rainfall regions

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
Percentage Protein

SUMMARYThe effect of stage of harvesting on dry-matter (D.M.) yield and chemical composition of barley, wheat and the legumes common vetch (F. sativa), woollypod vetch (F. dasycarpa) and fodder peas (P. sativum) were studied in Cyprus under low rainfall conditions in a series of trials sown in four successive years. Cereals were harvested at the beginning of heading, 50% heading and the milk stage of grain, and legumes at three stages from preflowering to full pod formation, D.M., protein and digestible D.M. yields and percentage D.M. content increased with age, whereas percentage protein content and D.M. digestibility declined. Under moisture stress conditions before and during the harvesting period D.M. yields did not increase significantly with age. Protein content of cereals under low rainfall conditions was higher than that of cereals grown in the U.K. under higher N fertilization levels. Rainfall conditions affected drastically the performance of both cereals and legumes. However, average yields were satisfactory; the barley variety 628 gave 8·98 t/ha, the highest D.M. yield among all cereal and legume varieties.

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield, storage losses and chemical composition of winter cabbage

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Freyman ◽  
P. M. Toivonen ◽  
W. C. Lin ◽  
P. W. Perrin ◽  
J. W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Storage Losses ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L

Increasing rates of field nitrogen (N) application (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kg N ha−1) resulted in markedly higher yields of winter white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata 'Bartolo') due to larger head size. Glucose and fructose contents increased with increased nitrogen. In contrast, ascorbic acid and sucrose contents declined slightly with increased nitrogen. Nitrogen rate had little effect on storage losses. The results indicated that increased N fertilization provided overall benefit to cabbage production. Key words: Cabbage, nitrogen fertilization, storage losses, yield

Dynamics of nitrogen and dry-matter partitioning and accumulation in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in relation to extractable soil inorganic nitrogen

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Bowen ◽  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
P. M. A. Toivonen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Spring Planting ◽  
Extractable Soil ◽  
Soil Inorganic

The effects of six rates of N fertilization (0, 125, 250, 375, 500 and 625 kg N ha−1) on the dynamics of N utilization relative to extractable inorganic N in the soil profile were determined for broccoli in three growing seasons. The amount of pre-existing extractable inorganic N in the soil was lowest for the spring planting, followed by the early-summer then late-summer plantings. During the first 2 wk after transplanting, plant dry-matter (DM) and N accumulation rates were low, and because of the mineralization of soil organic N the extractable soil inorganic N increased over that added as fertilizer, especially in the top 30 cm. From 4 wk after transplanting until harvest, DM and N accumulation in the plants was rapid and corresponded to a rapid depletion of extractable inorganic N from the soil. At high N-fertilization rates, leaf and stem DM and N accumulations at harvest were similar among the three plantings. However, the rates of accumulation in the two summer plantings were higher before and lower after inflorescence initiation than those in the spring planting. Under N treatments of 0 and 125 kg ha−1, total N in leaf tissue and the rate of leaf DM accumulation decreased while inflorescences developed. There was little extractable inorganic soil-N during inflorescence development in plots receiving no N fertilizer, yet inflorescence dry weights and N contents were ≥50 and ≥30%, respectively, of the maxima achieved with N fertilization. These results indicate that substantial N is translocated from leaves to support broccoli inflorescence growth under conditions of low soil-N availability. Key words: N translocation, N fertilizer

scholarly journals Effect of 50 Years of No-Tillage, Stubble Retention, and Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Respiration, Easily Extractable Glomalin, and Nitrogen Mineralization

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Pramod Jha ◽  
Kuntal M. Hati ◽  
Ram C. Dalal ◽  
Yash P. Dang ◽  
Peter M. Kopittke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
No Till

In subtropical regions, we have an incomplete understanding of how long-term tillage, stubble, and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management affects soil biological functioning. We examined a subtropical site managed for 50 years using varying tillage (conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT)), stubble management (stubble burning (SB) and stubble retention (SR)), and N fertilization (0 (N0), 30 (N30), and 90 (N90) kg ha−1 y−1) to assess their impact on soil microbial respiration, easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EEGRSP), and N mineralization. A significant three-way tillage × stubble × N fertilizer interaction was observed for soil respiration, with NT+SB+N0 treatments generally releasing the highest amounts of CO2 over the incubation period (1135 mg/kg), and NT+SR+N0 treatments releasing the lowest (528 mg/kg). In contrast, a significant stubble × N interaction was observed for both EEGRSP and N mineralization, with the highest concentrations of both EEGRSP (2.66 ± 0.86 g kg−1) and N mineralization (30.7 mg/kg) observed in SR+N90 treatments. Furthermore, N mineralization was also positively correlated with EEGRSP (R2 = 0.76, p < 0.001), indicating that EEGRSP can potentially be used as an index of soil N availability. Overall, this study has shown that SR and N fertilization have a positive impact on soil biological functioning.

scholarly journals Nitrogen doses and splitting in top dressing in the production, quality, and macronutrients content in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e328101018708
Author(s):  
Ana Emília Barbosa Tavares ◽  
Natália de Brito Lima Lanna ◽  
Lidiane Fernandes Colombari ◽  
Emanuele Possas de Souza ◽  
Bruno Novaes Menezes Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the importance of the nutrients, mainly nitrogen, in the formation and chemical composition of the seeds, little research has been done to verify the relationship between the nutrients supplied to the plants and the quality of the seeds produced. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen doses and splitting on yield, quality and macronutrients content in zucchini seeds. Two experiments (crop 2014 and crop 2015) were installed, with thirteen treatments in the factorial scheme 4x3+1, with four nitrogen doses in top dressing (62.5; 125.0; 187.5; 250.0 kg ha-1), three splitting (1/6+1/3+1/2; 1/4+1/2+1/4; 1/3+1/3+1/3 of total dose in each split), and one treatment without N fertilization in top dressing (dose 0), with four replications. Seed production and quality and macronutrient content in seeds were evaluated. There wasn’t significant effect on number of fruits and seeds produced per plant. However, in crop 2014 the higher the doses of N in top dressing, the higher the seed weight per fruit and per plant, the weight of 100 seeds and the vigor (first count in germination test). In crop 2015, seeds with the best quality (germination and first counting) were obtained in the 1/4+1/2+1/4 splitting. The decreasing order of the macronutrient content in the seeds was N>P>K>Mg>S>Ca.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document