NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS, RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS, AND CRESTED WHEATGRASS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-740
Author(s):  
T. LAWRENCE ◽  
G. E. WINKLEMAN ◽  
F. G. WARDER
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum ◽  
Short Period

The effects of three rates of N fertilizer and nine dates of initial harvest on the nitrate content of Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.), Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum Fisch. Schult) were studied on irrigated land for 2 yr. The nitrate content of the forage of all three grasses increased with increasing rates of N fertilizer and varied with date of harvest. Toxic levels of nitrates (> 2000 ppm) were found in forage of all three grasses fertilized with 400 kg N/ha. Altai wild ryegrass accumulated toxic levels of nitrates more readily than Russian wild ryegrass and both ryegrasses accumulated toxic levels of nitrate more readily than crested wheatgrass. It is suggested that toxic levels of NO3-N can be expected in Altai and Russian wild ryegrass fertilized with 400 kg N/ha, but crested wheatgrass fertilized at similar rates should have toxic levels for only a short period, if at all.

NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lawrence ◽  
F. G. Warder ◽  
R. Ashford
Keyword(s):  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Agropyron Intermedium ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The effects of six rates of N fertilizer and five frequencies of clipping on the nitrate content of forage from intermediate wheatgrass, Agropyron intermedium (Host.) Beauv., were studied throughout the 1965 growing season.The nitrate content of the forage increased with increasing rates of N fertilizer, and varied with date of harvest. Toxic levels of nitrates (> 2,000 ppm) were found during the period June 5 to July 17 in samples harvested from grass which had been fertilized with 300 and 375 kg/ha of N fertilizer in the spring. Toxic levels were not found in samples from grass fertilized at lower rates. There was an interaction between frequency of clipping and fertilizer rates. At low fertilizer rates the nitrate content of the forage increased as the frequency of clipping was increased, but at the 375-kg/ha rate of fertilizer the opposite was true.It is suggested that fertilizer rates’ in excess of 225 kg/ha N (200 lb/ac N) may result in toxic levels of nitrate in intermediate wheatgrass.

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF RUSSIAN AND ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS AND CRESTED WHEATGRASS AS INFLUENCED BY N FERTILIZATION AND DATE OF HARVEST

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. LAWRENCE ◽  
G. E. WINKLEMAN ◽  
F. G. WARDER
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum

The effects of three rates of N fertilizer and nine fortnightly dates of initial harvest on the N, P, Ca, Mg and K concentrations and the K/(Ca + Mg) ratio of Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.), Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum Fisch. Schult.) were studied on irrigated land for 2 yr. The N, P, K and K/(Ca + Mg) ratios declined with increasing maturity. The N, P, and K concentrations tended to increase with N fertilization, while N fertilization appeared to have little influence on percent Ca, percent Mg and the K/(Ca + Mg) ratio. Altai wild ryegrass had a higher N, P, Ca, Mg, K and K/(Ca + Mg) ratio than RWR which, in turn, was higher than CWG. Crested wheatgrass utilized prior to early June, RWR utilized prior to late June, and AWR utilized prior to early July had the suggested minimum level for lactating beef cows of 1.60% N. Only samples cut during May equalled the suggested minimum of 0.32% P. Supplementation with N and P may be required with rations or pastures using these grasses in June or later. The percent K was adequate on all sampling dates. The K/(Ca + Mg) ratio for CWG did not exceed the suggested maximum of 2.2, but the ratio for AWR and RWR was above this maximum for May, June and part of July, indicating there may be some danger of grass tetany with these grasses during the May-June period and supplementation with Mg and/or Ca may be required for good performance.

YIELD AND DIGESTIBILITY OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS AND RUSSIAN AND ALTAI WILD RYEGRASSES AS INFLUENCED BY N FERTILIZATION AND DATE OF FIRST CUTTING

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. LAWRENCE ◽  
J. E. KNIPFEL
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The effects of three rates of N fertilizer and nine dates of initial harvest on the dry matter (DM) yield, recovery, organic matter digestibility (OMD), and yield of digestible organic matter (DOM) of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult.), Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.), and Altai wild ryegrass (Elymus angustus Trin.) were studied on irrigated land for 2 yr. Russian wild ryegrass produced the highest yield in May, while the yield of crested wheatgrass equalled that of Russian wild ryegrass in June. Altai wild ryegrass yielded more dry matter than either Russian wild ryegrass or crested wheatgrass in July and August. Altai wild ryegrass showed the best recovery after cutting and produced the highest total DM yield. Crested wheatgrass had the lowest and Altai wild ryegrass the highest OMD. Nitrogen fertilizer application resulted in increased DM yield, increased OMD, and higher yield of DOM.

scholarly journals EC Sensitivity of Hydroponically-Grown Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Types in Terms of Nitrate Accumulation

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Noémi Kappel ◽  
Ildikó Fruzsina Boros ◽  
Francia Seconde Ravelombola ◽  
László Sipos
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Saline Condition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Nitrate Level ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Hydroponically Grown ◽  
European Markets

The goal of this research was to investigate the effect of electrical conductivity (EC) levels of the nutrient solution on the fresh weight, chlorophyll, and nitrate content of hydroponic-system-grown lettuce. The selected cultivars are the most representative commercial varieties grown for European markets. Seven cultivars (‘Sintia,’ ‘Limeira,’ ‘Corentine,’ ‘Cencibel,’ ‘Kiber,’ ‘Attiraï,’ and ‘Rouxaï’) of three Lactuca sativa L. types’ (butterhead, loose leaf, and oak leaf) were grown in a phytotron in rockwool, meanwhile the EC level of the nutrient solutions were different: normal (<1.3 dS/m) and high (10 dS/m). The plants in the saline condition had a lower yield but elevated chlorophyll content and nitrate level, although the ‘Limeira’ and ‘Cencibel’ cultivars had reduced nitrate levels. The results and the special characteristic of the lollo-type cultivars showed that the nitrate level could be very different due to salinity (‘Limeira’ had the lowest (684 µg/g fresh weight (FW)) and ‘Cencibel’ had the highest (4396 µg/g FW)). There was a moderately strong negative correlation (−0.542) in the reverse ratio among the chlorophyll and nitrate contents in plants treated with a normal EC value, while this relationship was not shown in the saline condition. Under the saline condition, cultivars acted differently, and all examined cultivars stayed under the permitted total nitrate level (5000 µg/g FW).

scholarly journals Study of nitrate levels in fruits and vegetables to assess the potential health risks in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayhan Uddin ◽  
Mostak Uddin Thakur ◽  
Mohammad Zia Uddin ◽  
G. M. Rabiul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Potential Health

AbstractNitrate is a chemical compound naturally present in fruits and vegetables. This study aims at assessing the nitrate levels and health risks arising from high consumption of fruits and vegetables in Bangladesh. Sixteen species of fruits and vegetables were examined for nitrates using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photo Diode Array (PDA) detector. Ward’s hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out to identify the cluster of tested fruits and vegetables for the nitrate contents. A point estimate of the daily intake was applied to find the health risks that arise due to elevated levels of nitrate in fruits and vegetables. The results show that root and tuber vegetables accumulate significantly higher levels of nitrate in comparison to fruits and fruit vegetables (P < 0.05). In cluster analysis, the nitrate accumulation of fruits and vegetables show four clear clusters contributing to 29.54%, 7.17%, 4.42%, and 58.57% of the total nitrate content in the entire sample. The risk assessment of the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Health Risk Index (HRI) of almost all the tested samples was in the acceptable range, except for radish, thereby indicating the acceptance of risk due to nitrate intake in Bangladesh. As nitrate may have had risk factor for health, during cultivation and storing the product should be properly monitored.

scholarly journals Nitrate Accumulation in Relation to Molybdenum Deficiency Leaf Scorch Symptoms

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
LF Notley ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Relationship

The accumulation of nitrate in the leaf tissue of nitrate-supplied, molybdenumdeficient plants has been suspected as a cause of the scorching symptoms which frequently develop (e.g. Agarwala 1952; Agarwala and Hewitt 1952; Hewitt and McCready 1953). Quantitative studies of the relationship between nitrate content and the symptoms have, however, been inconclusive. The literature suggests (cf. Wilson and Waring 1948; Johnson, Pearson, and Stout 1952) that this may follow from the estimation of nitrate in whole leaf tissue rather than in damaged portions.

scholarly journals DOSES AND SPLIT NITROGEN FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF ARUGULA1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-829
Author(s):  
CAMILA SENO NASCIMENTO ◽  
CAROLINA SENO NASCIMENTO ◽  
ARTHUR BERNARDES CECÍLIO FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

ABSTRACT Splitting nitrogen (N) fertilizer application can be an efficient nutrient management technique to improve productivity and plant quality, as well as to reduce the negative environmental impact caused by N losses. In this context, the present study investigated how the management of N affects the agronomic characteristics of field-grown arugula plants. Nine treatments were assessed in a randomized complete block design, in a 4 x 2 + 1 factorial scheme, with three replicates. The evaluated factors were doses of N (60, 120, 180 and 240 kg N ha-1), split N fertilizer applications at side-dress (two and three times) and an additional treatment without a N supply. Maximum height was obtained with the application of 198 kg N ha-1. Nitrate content, fresh mass and productivity increased with increasing N doses. There was no effect of split N fertilizer applications on the characteristics evaluated. Therefore, the supply of 240 kg N ha-1 divided into two portions was considered as the best management strategy.

Comparison of the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield, nitrogen content and quality of 21 different vegetable and agricultural crops

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Greenwood ◽  
T. J. Cleaver ◽  
Mary K. Turner ◽  
J. Hunt ◽  
K. B. Niendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Two Parameters

SUMMARYThe effect of level of N fertilizer on the composition, yield and quality of 21 crops was studied in experiments on adjacent sites of the same field to aid in the development of fertilizer recommendations.Yield of each of the crops first increased and then either remained the same or declined with further increases of N fertilizer. Interpretation by means of a simple model enabled response curves to be characterized by two parameters; one representing the beneficial component of the response and the other the detrimental component. Both varied greatly from crop to crop.The magnitude of the beneficial component of the response of most non-leguminous crops was largely determined by the potential demand of the crop for nitrogen; the exceptions were some root crops which responded less than would be expected on this basis. The adverse component was serious with root crops and those crops that are in the soil for only a short period. High levels of N increased the ratio of foliage to storage root dry weights even when total dry matter was unaffected. The changes were associated with a considerable increase in the % N in the dry matter of the roots.When crops were grown with their optimum levels of N fertilizer a simple linear. relationship between the mean %N in the dry matter and the total weight of dry matter per unit area covered all crops. Simple relationships also existed between total dry matter of non-leguminous crops and (a) the amount of N taken up by the crop from unfertilized soil, (b) the recovery of added fertilizer by the crop and (c) the beneficial component of the response of crops harvested before October.Percentage N in the dry matter at harvest was not a sensitive indicator of the extent to which plant growth was restricted by lack of nitrogen; a difference of 0·1% N in the plant material was associated with a 10% increase in yield.N fertilizer levels influenced the % dry matter and the incidence of crop disorders such as rotten roots and tissue discoloration, but the effects were seldom appreciable with practicable levels of fertilizer application.

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