LODGING-ENHANCING TECHNIQUES FOR USE ON CORN PERFORMANCE TRIALS IN SHORT-SEASON AREAS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
S. TWUMASI-AFRIYIE ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stalk Lodging

A study was conducted during the 2 yr, 1978 and 1979, to determine an effective method of enhancing stalk lodging in maize (Zea mays L.) with the objective of being able to differentiate among hybrids for lodging susceptibility under conditions of low natural lodging. Six maize hybrids representing a wide range of stalk lodging resistance were used in the study. The techniques utilized were inoculating plants with a stalk rot pathogen (Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch) and/or infesting plants with European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.). Both techniques, individually or in combination, were effective in enhancing lodging. Under environmental conditions and cultural practices where natural stalk lodging was low and differences in stalk lodging among hybrids would have otherwise been masked, the two lodging-enhancing techniques allowed for improved detection of hybrid differences. Both treatment effects and differences among hybrids for stalk lodging increased as stalk lodging rating was delayed, indicating delayed rating is preferable. Disadvantages to delayed rating are discussed.

scholarly journals Fungal Species Composition in Maize Stalks in Relation to European Corn Borer Injury and Transgenic Insect Protection

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 1156-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Gatch ◽  
G. P. Munkvold
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Colletotrichum Graminicola ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
The Mean

The maize stalk rot complex is comprised of several fungal pathogens, including Gibberella zeae, Colletotrichum graminicola, Stenocarpella maydis, and several members of the genus Fusarium. The European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis) can contribute to stalk rot development by creating entry wounds and by serving as a vector of some stalk rot pathogens, particularly Fusarium verticillioides. Transgenic insect protection of maize hybrids with insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis greatly reduces ECB injury and may therefore alter the species composition and diversity of the stalk rot complex. Field experiments were conducted in 1998, 1999, and 2000 to compare the species composition and diversity of fungi infecting stalks of Bt and non-Bt maize hybrids. Hybrids representing five Bt types (or “events”) and their near-isogenic non-Bt counterparts were subjected to manual and natural infestations with ECB larvae. Stalk tissue samples were cultured to determine fungal species composition. At least one species was isolated from nearly every stalk and from both diseased and symptomless tissues. G. zeae was the most common species in 1998 and 1999, but C. graminicola was most common in 2000. The mean proportions of stalks infected with F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans were significantly lower in Bt hybrids than in non-Bt hybrids in 2 of the 3 years. Conversely, the mean proportion of stalks infected with G. zeae was higher in some Bt hybrids than their non-Bt counterparts in two of the three years. F. verticillioides was more likely to be isolated from ECB-injured tissue, whereas G. zeae and C. graminicola were more likely to be isolated from tissue not associated with ECB injury. The overall species diversity of the stalk rot complex was lower in some Bt hybrids compared with their non-Bt counterparts in 1998 and 1999. ECB activity appeared to alter fungal species composition in stalks, reflecting the association between ECB injury and specific stalk rot pathogens, particularly F. verticillioides. The species composition of fungi infecting stalks of Bt hybrids differed from that of non-Bt hybrids, but the implications of this result are not yet clear.

A comparative study of pith cell death in stalk internodes of corn grown on organic and conventional fields

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
M. S. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Pith Cell ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers ◽  
Stalk Lodging ◽  
Organically Managed

AbstractA few farmers in the Midwest produce corn (Zea mays L.) commercially by using organic methods, i.e., use no synthetic fertilizers or pesticides. Studies have been conducted previously on organic vs. conventional fields to compare yield, soil properties, stalk lodging and rot, and crude protein. However, pith cell death in stalk internodes, an important trait related to stalk lodging and stalk rot, has not been studied previously under organic and conventional management systems. Fertility differences exist between organically-managed and conventionally-managed fields which can influence pith cell death and related traits. This study was conducted to compare pith cell death in corn stalks on matched pairs of organic and conventional fields (2 in Illinois, 2 in Iowa, and 1 in Minnesota). For the four lowermost consecutive internodes above the brace roots examined in this study, there was no consistent pattern for pith cell death differences among pairs. In three of five pairs, the second internode pith cell death was higher on organic fields than on conventional fields. The same pattern was observed for the third stalk internode. Numbers of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) were less in the stalks on organic plots, a plausible cause for greater stalk lodging and rot resistance on organically-managed fields. Further study of pith cell death and stalk rot relationship under organic and conventional managements is needed to elucidate fertility relations and other unique factors at work on organic and conventional fields. It appears that while there are some factors that affect pith cell death, stalk rot, and stalk lodging similarly, there may be other factors that affect these three traits differentially.

scholarly journals Yield reductions in grain maize associated with the presence of European corn borer and Gibberella stalk rot in Québec

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hudon ◽  
G. Bourgeois ◽  
G. Boivin ◽  
D. Chez
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Tunnel Length ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Plant Damage ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
The Impact

The impact of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae] infestation and stalk rot infection caused by Gibberella zeae on yield of eight grain maize (Zea mays) inbreds, two commercial and six experimental hybrids was evaluated from 1975 to 1980. Three criteria were used: leaf feeding, total plant damage at harvest and tunnel length/plant height ratio. For most criteria, the cultivars were significantly different and the artificial European corn borer infestation had an effect almost every year. Although G. zeae can have a signifiant effect on plant damage at harvest and yield of grain maize, no consistent link was found between stalk rot and European corn borer.

THE SEVERITY OF STALK ROT OF GRAIN CORN IN RELATION TO INFESTATIONS OF A BIVOLTINE STRAIN OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1235-1237
Author(s):  
W. H. Foott ◽  
P. R. Timmins
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Corn lodging due to bent or broken stalks results mostly from feeding by the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), and from stalk rot infections. Stalk rot of corn (Zea mays L.) is caused in southwestern Ontario mainly by Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe), which attacks roots during the summer and invades the bases of the stems as the plants mature (Gates and Mortimore 1972). Several studies in the U.S.A. reported an association between the rot and the borer. Christensen and Schneider (1950) recorded severest stalk rot with highest borer infestation and found that inbred lines usually free from rot became susceptible when infested by the borer. Chiang and Wilcoxson (1961) reported a higher incidence of rot in plants artificially inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and borer larvae than in those inoculated with F. graminearum alone. A recent study in Iowa (Jarvis et al. 1982) showed that the greatest stalk rot damage occurred in high borer infestations. Carson and Hooker (1981), however, were unable to relate the incidence and severity of rot to corn borer infestation. In their 3-year study, the least rot occurred in the year of severest borer infestation. Since observations in corn fields in southwestern Ontario also indicated that there might not be a direct relationship between severity of stalk rot and severity of corn borer infestation, further studies were undertaken.

Resistance of maize germ plasm to European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, as related to geographical origin

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Reid ◽  
J. T. Arnason ◽  
C. Nozzolillo ◽  
R. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Corn Smut ◽  
Maize Germ

Maize germ plasm of defined geographical origins was assessed for resistance to the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. There were two major germ plasm groups: a latitudinal series of 37 lines and a set of the indigenous races of Mexico of differing altitudinal adaptations. The parameters of resistance were the following: seedling 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) content; extent of leaf feeding by larvae, both in the laboratory and in the field; extent of stalk tunneling by larvae in the field; and extent of infection by stalk rot, Gibberella zeae, and corn smut, Ustilago maydis. In the latitudinal inbreds, latitude of origin was inversely correlated with DIMBOA content, and with resistance to borer tunneling and stalk rot infection. For the indigenous races of Mexico, altitude of origin was inversely correlated with DIMBOA content and resistance to both leaf-feeding and stalk-tunneling larvae.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF A BIO-ASSAY OF ETHER EXTRACTS FROM CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) AS A MEANS OF SCREENING INBREDS FOR RESISTANCE TO ROOT AND STALK ROT

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Whitney ◽  
C. G. Mortimore
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Fungus Growth ◽  
Bio Assay

In bio-assay tests ether extracts of the roots and of the stalks of both resistant and susceptible corn inbreds inhibited the growth of Fusarium moniliforme Sheld. and Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch, the level of inhibition varying over the season. However, the extracts of the resistant and susceptible inbreds did not differ consistently in their ability to inhibit fungus growth on any given date. Thus, this bio-assay method cannot be used to evaluate inbreds for resistance to root and stalk rot.

Use of strips of Zea mays L. to trap European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) oviposition in maize fields

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Derridj ◽  
H. Lefer ◽  
M. Augendre ◽  
Y. Durand
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Corn Borer
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