scholarly journals Yield reductions in grain maize associated with the presence of European corn borer and Gibberella stalk rot in Québec

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hudon ◽  
G. Bourgeois ◽  
G. Boivin ◽  
D. Chez
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Tunnel Length ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Plant Damage ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
The Impact

The impact of European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae] infestation and stalk rot infection caused by Gibberella zeae on yield of eight grain maize (Zea mays) inbreds, two commercial and six experimental hybrids was evaluated from 1975 to 1980. Three criteria were used: leaf feeding, total plant damage at harvest and tunnel length/plant height ratio. For most criteria, the cultivars were significantly different and the artificial European corn borer infestation had an effect almost every year. Although G. zeae can have a signifiant effect on plant damage at harvest and yield of grain maize, no consistent link was found between stalk rot and European corn borer.

THE SEVERITY OF STALK ROT OF GRAIN CORN IN RELATION TO INFESTATIONS OF A BIVOLTINE STRAIN OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1235-1237
Author(s):  
W. H. Foott ◽  
P. R. Timmins
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Corn lodging due to bent or broken stalks results mostly from feeding by the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), and from stalk rot infections. Stalk rot of corn (Zea mays L.) is caused in southwestern Ontario mainly by Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe), which attacks roots during the summer and invades the bases of the stems as the plants mature (Gates and Mortimore 1972). Several studies in the U.S.A. reported an association between the rot and the borer. Christensen and Schneider (1950) recorded severest stalk rot with highest borer infestation and found that inbred lines usually free from rot became susceptible when infested by the borer. Chiang and Wilcoxson (1961) reported a higher incidence of rot in plants artificially inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and borer larvae than in those inoculated with F. graminearum alone. A recent study in Iowa (Jarvis et al. 1982) showed that the greatest stalk rot damage occurred in high borer infestations. Carson and Hooker (1981), however, were unable to relate the incidence and severity of rot to corn borer infestation. In their 3-year study, the least rot occurred in the year of severest borer infestation. Since observations in corn fields in southwestern Ontario also indicated that there might not be a direct relationship between severity of stalk rot and severity of corn borer infestation, further studies were undertaken.

LODGING-ENHANCING TECHNIQUES FOR USE ON CORN PERFORMANCE TRIALS IN SHORT-SEASON AREAS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
S. TWUMASI-AFRIYIE ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stalk Lodging

A study was conducted during the 2 yr, 1978 and 1979, to determine an effective method of enhancing stalk lodging in maize (Zea mays L.) with the objective of being able to differentiate among hybrids for lodging susceptibility under conditions of low natural lodging. Six maize hybrids representing a wide range of stalk lodging resistance were used in the study. The techniques utilized were inoculating plants with a stalk rot pathogen (Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch) and/or infesting plants with European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.). Both techniques, individually or in combination, were effective in enhancing lodging. Under environmental conditions and cultural practices where natural stalk lodging was low and differences in stalk lodging among hybrids would have otherwise been masked, the two lodging-enhancing techniques allowed for improved detection of hybrid differences. Both treatment effects and differences among hybrids for stalk lodging increased as stalk lodging rating was delayed, indicating delayed rating is preferable. Disadvantages to delayed rating are discussed.

scholarly journals Response of maize inbred lines to two European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) strains in Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
M. Hudon ◽  
R.E. Pitblado ◽  
R.I. Hamilton ◽  
G. Bourgeois ◽  
S. Kuzir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Total Plant

In 1986 and 1987, six maize inbred lines (CM47, A619, F2, CM107, CM7, and A654) were evaluated at four locations across Ontario and Quebec for their resistance to artificially infested univoltine and lst generation bivoltine strains of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. Three criteria were used: leaf feeding, total plant damage at harvest and length of tunnels/plant height ratio. Substantial interactions in borer damage measurements were observed between locations and years, but inbred reaction was relatively consistent. For all criteria, the univoltine strain often caused significantly more damage than the bivoltine borer. In general, A619 had the greatest resistance-tolerance with good standability until harvest. Wherever possible, evaluation of genetic resistance in maize germplasm should be conducted using the univoltine borer strain.

The impact of predation by red-winged blackbirds on European corn borer populations

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1535-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry E. Bendell ◽  
Patrick J. Weatherhead ◽  
Robin K. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Agelaius Phoeniceus ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Borers ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
The Impact

Population estimates of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were significantly positively correlated with distance from a blackbird roost near Beauharnois, Quebec. Gullet contents of male red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) indicated that corn borers were consumed, particularly in the late fall. This predation appears to be responsible for lowering corn borer populations in standing corn the following year. It was estimated that the benefit provided by red-winged blackbirds through predation on com borers compensated for approximately 20% of the damage the birds did to standing corn.

scholarly journals Fungal Species Composition in Maize Stalks in Relation to European Corn Borer Injury and Transgenic Insect Protection

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 1156-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Gatch ◽  
G. P. Munkvold
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Colletotrichum Graminicola ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
The Mean

The maize stalk rot complex is comprised of several fungal pathogens, including Gibberella zeae, Colletotrichum graminicola, Stenocarpella maydis, and several members of the genus Fusarium. The European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubilalis) can contribute to stalk rot development by creating entry wounds and by serving as a vector of some stalk rot pathogens, particularly Fusarium verticillioides. Transgenic insect protection of maize hybrids with insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis greatly reduces ECB injury and may therefore alter the species composition and diversity of the stalk rot complex. Field experiments were conducted in 1998, 1999, and 2000 to compare the species composition and diversity of fungi infecting stalks of Bt and non-Bt maize hybrids. Hybrids representing five Bt types (or “events”) and their near-isogenic non-Bt counterparts were subjected to manual and natural infestations with ECB larvae. Stalk tissue samples were cultured to determine fungal species composition. At least one species was isolated from nearly every stalk and from both diseased and symptomless tissues. G. zeae was the most common species in 1998 and 1999, but C. graminicola was most common in 2000. The mean proportions of stalks infected with F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans were significantly lower in Bt hybrids than in non-Bt hybrids in 2 of the 3 years. Conversely, the mean proportion of stalks infected with G. zeae was higher in some Bt hybrids than their non-Bt counterparts in two of the three years. F. verticillioides was more likely to be isolated from ECB-injured tissue, whereas G. zeae and C. graminicola were more likely to be isolated from tissue not associated with ECB injury. The overall species diversity of the stalk rot complex was lower in some Bt hybrids compared with their non-Bt counterparts in 1998 and 1999. ECB activity appeared to alter fungal species composition in stalks, reflecting the association between ECB injury and specific stalk rot pathogens, particularly F. verticillioides. The species composition of fungi infecting stalks of Bt hybrids differed from that of non-Bt hybrids, but the implications of this result are not yet clear.

Resistance of maize germ plasm to European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, as related to geographical origin

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Reid ◽  
J. T. Arnason ◽  
C. Nozzolillo ◽  
R. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Corn Smut ◽  
Maize Germ

Maize germ plasm of defined geographical origins was assessed for resistance to the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. There were two major germ plasm groups: a latitudinal series of 37 lines and a set of the indigenous races of Mexico of differing altitudinal adaptations. The parameters of resistance were the following: seedling 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) content; extent of leaf feeding by larvae, both in the laboratory and in the field; extent of stalk tunneling by larvae in the field; and extent of infection by stalk rot, Gibberella zeae, and corn smut, Ustilago maydis. In the latitudinal inbreds, latitude of origin was inversely correlated with DIMBOA content, and with resistance to borer tunneling and stalk rot infection. For the indigenous races of Mexico, altitude of origin was inversely correlated with DIMBOA content and resistance to both leaf-feeding and stalk-tunneling larvae.

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