NUTRITIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF GRASSES ON SPRING RANGE IN SOUTH CENTRAL BRITISH COLUMBIA IN RELATION TO TIME, HABITAT AND FALL GRAZING

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
W. WILLMS ◽  
A. McLEAN ◽  
C. KALNIN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
South Central ◽  
Bluebunch Wheatgrass ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Stipa Comata ◽  
Agropyron Spicatum ◽  
Polynomial Regressions

Bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum), Sandberg bluegrass (Poa sandbergii), cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), needle-and-thread (Stipa comata) and Junegrass (Koeleria cristata) forage samples were collected from 14 Feb. to 31 May 1974. The samples were analyzed for crude protein, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin. Polynomial regressions were used to describe the change of chemical constituents over time. Bluebunch wheatgrass, crested wheatgrass and needle-and-thread were relatively high in crude protein, phosphorus and ADF while Sandberg bluegrass was relatively high in magnesium and calcium but low in NDF, ADF and lignin. In both bluebunch wheatgrass and Sandberg bluegrass, lignin was higher on the open range than on the treed range while NDF was higher in Sandberg bluegrass but lower in bluebunch wheatgrass on the open range. Cheatgrass displayed fewest differences between habitats. Few significant differences occurred between fall grazed and fall ungrazed bluebunch wheatgrass or crested wheatgrass plants. Crude protein, NDF and lignin tended to be higher but calcium lower in grazed plants.

scholarly journals Voluntary Intake and Apparent Digestibility of Artificially Dried Stargrass Fed to Holstein Bull Calves

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-437
Author(s):  
J. A. Yazman ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
R. E. McDowell ◽  
P. J. Van Soest ◽  
H. Cestero
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of an artificially dried tropical grass, Cynodon nlemfuensis variety nlemfuensis. was evaluated utilizing Holstein bull calves. Two regrowth ages of grass hays, 30 and 45 days, were fed to two groups of four calves each: 16 and 24 weeks old. The grass hays were analyzed for dry matter and crude protein and for fiber fractions according to Goering and Van Soest. There were no significant differences between means for voluntary intake (g/kg body weight (BW)/day) of the chemical constituents for the four calf-hay groups. However, the trend was for higher intake by the 24-week old calves fed the 30-day hay than by the other three groups. Among the 16- week old calves, there was a higher voluntary intake by those consuming the 45-day hay despite the slightly higher nutritive value of the 30-day hay. When the data were pooled across calf ages, voluntary intake of 30-day hays was greater than for the 45-day ones, although only differences in crude protein intake were significant (P < .05). Pooled across hay ages, voluntary intake by the 24-week old calves was significantly greater (P < .05) than by the 16-week old calves for dry matter and neutral-detergent fiber only, indicating that hay intake was related to reticulo-ruminal capacity. Differences in apparent digestibility were significant (P < .05) only for crude protein with the 24-week old calves fed the 30-day hay, having a greater coefficient of digestibility than the 16- and 24-week old calves fed the 45-day hay. Crude protein digestibility of the 30-day hays (pooled across calf ages) was significantly greater (P < .05) than that of the 45-day hays. Although not significant for all constituents, the values were higher for the 30-day hay than for the 45-day hay (pooled across calf ages) and for the 24- week old calves than for the 16-week old calves (pooled across hay ages).

scholarly journals Chemical Compositions of Edamame Genotypes Grown in Different Locations in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dajun Yu ◽  
Tiantian Lin ◽  
Kemper Sutton ◽  
Nick Lord ◽  
Renata Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Little Rock ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Us ◽  
High Sucrose

The consumption of edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the US has rapidly increased due to its nutritional value and potential health benefits. In this study, 10 edamame genotypes were planted in duplicates in three different locations in the US—Whitethorne, Virginia (VA), Little Rock, Arkansas (AR), and Painter, VA. Edamame samples were harvested at the R6 stage of the bean development when beans filled 80–90% of the pod cavity. Afterward, comprehensive chemical composition analysis, including sugars, alanine, protein, oil, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), starch, ash, and moisture contents, were conducted on powdered samples using standard methods and the total sweetness was calculated based on the measured sugars and alanine contents. Significant effects of the location were observed on all chemical constituents of edamame (p &lt; 0.05). The average performance of the genotypes was higher in Whitethorne for the contents of free sucrose (59.29 mg/g), fructose (11.42 mg/g), glucose (5.38 mg/g), raffinose (5.32 mg/g), stachyose (2.34 mg/g), total sweetness (78.63 mg/g), and starch (15.14%) when compared to Little Rock and Painter. The highest soluble alanine (2.67 mg/g), NDF (9.00%), ash (5.60%), and moisture (70.36%) contents were found on edamame planted in Little Rock while edamame planted in Painter had the highest crude protein (43.11%) and oil (20.33%) contents. Significant effects of genotype were observed on most of the chemical constituents (p &lt; 0.05) except NDF and raffinose. Among the 10 genotypes, R13-5029 consistently had high sucrose content and total sweetness across the three locations, meanwhile it had relatively high protein and fiber contents. Overall, the results indicate that to breed better edamame genotypes in the US, both genotype and planting location should be taken into considerations.

EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND HARVEST DATE ON YIELD, BOTANICAL COMPOSITION, CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION, INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS-ALFALFA HERBAGE BY SHEEP

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-756
Author(s):  
W. P. McCAUGHEY ◽  
R. D. H. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Harvest Dates

The effects of the plant growth regulators mefluidide (M) and maleic hydrazide (MH) were compared to untreated controls (C) at each of two harvest dates in 1987 (14 Aug. and 14 Sept.) and 1988 (27 June and 25 July). Plant growth regulators (PGR) were applied at rates of 0.28 kg active ingredient (a.i.) Mha−1 and 1.12 kg a.i. MH ha−1on 14 and 15 July 1987 and on 11 May 1988 to a mixed crested wheatgrass-alfalfa pasture. Application of PGR to the pasture reduced yield (P < 0.01) and increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of alfalfa in the mixture in 1987 only. Chemical composition of crested wheatgrass subsamples was largely unaltered by PGR treatment in 1987 but in 1988 crude protein (P < 0.01), in vitro organic matter disgestibility (P < 0.05) and ash (P < 0.001) were increased and neutral detergent fiber was decreased (P < 0.01). In 1987 the crude protein (P < 0.01) and ash (P < 0.05) contents of alfalfa were increased but were unaffected by PGR treatment in 1988. There were large differences in nutritional value between early- and late-harvest dates in 1987 when moisture was available but only small differences during the drought of 1988. In vivo digestibility of hay from treated plots in 1987 had lower organic matter digestibility (P < 0.001), hemicellulose digestibility (P < 0.001), cellulose digestibility (P < 0.05), acid detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.05) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.01). In 1987, late-harvested material had lower digestible organic matter intake kg−0.75 and digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, hemicellulose, cellulose, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and ash were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than for material harvested earlier. The improvements in forage quality were not sufficient to offset the large yield reductions which are likely to occur in a semi-arid environment. Key words: Plant growth regulators, mefluidide, maleic hydrazide, forage quality, sheep, intake

scholarly journals Biofertilizante na qualidade nutricional da alfafa (Medicago sativa L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Luis Lemes ◽  
Cecilio Viega Soares Filho ◽  
Manoel Garcia Neto ◽  
Reges Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Long Term Studies

The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the nutritional composition to the application of biofertilizers. The experiment was conducted with increasing doses of biofertilizers in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine / UNESP, Araçatuba - Sao Paulo, Brazil, from April to October 2010. The experimental design was completely randomized with six biofertilizer doses from cattle manure (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 m3 ha-1) and five replications. Cuts were performed, on average, every 27 days, 10 cm above the ground when 10% of the plants were flowering. Biofertilization had a positive significant impact on foliar nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and shoot iron concentrations. The values of crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber did not differ between doses of biofertilizers. Biofertilization is a viable alternative for nutrition of this species, showing positive results in the nutritional composition of alfalfa. However, but long-term studies are necessary to assess the environmental impact of these fertilizers.

scholarly journals Relationships Between and Within Physical and Chemical Constituents and in Vitro True Digestibility in Tropical Forage Grasses

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-447
Author(s):  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
J. Coward-Lord
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Physical And Chemical

All parameters of chemical composition and in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) were related by simple and/or multiple correlation and/or regression coefficients in 60 samples of forage grasses representing 10 forages at 6 stages of growth. Dry matter, neutral-detergent fiber (NDF), acid-detergent fiber (ADF), lignin (L), cellulose (C), silica (Si), crude fiber (CF), and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) were positively correlated while crude protein (CP), hemicellulose (H), ether extract (EE), and ash (A) were negatively correlated with age. Crude protein was negatively correlated with all parameters except H, EE, and A. Hemicellulose was nore significantly related to the Goering and Van Soest fractions than to the A.O.A.C. fractions. Silica was correlated in a highly significant way with age, DM, ADF, and H only. In vitro true digestibility was negatively correlated with age, NDF, ADF, L, C, Si, L/ADF, L/H, L/C, CF, and NFE and positively correlated with CP, H, H/C, EE, and A. Multiple regression analyses indicated that, of the total variance in IVTD, 85 percent was attributable to the influences of NDF (48%), L (19%), Si (10%), EE (2%), CP (4%), and ADF (2%). From this regression and from other regressions, it was established that CP and ADF, or L, C, and Si, exerted the greatest influence upon IVTD. In line with this, it was determined that 81 percent was attributable to the influences of C (41%), H (1%), L (30%), and Si (9%) and that 85 percent was attributable to the influences of CP (69%), C (3%), L (7%), and Si (6%). Finally, it was determined that CP and lignification explained 69 and 7 percent, respectively, of the influences in IVTD. These data suggested that IVTD was highly dependent not only upon CP and lignification but also upon C and Si, or ADF, as forage grasses advanced in maturity from 30 to 180 days of growth. The equation: % IVTD = 96.85 + 0.62 (% CP) - 0.51 (% C) - 2.59 (% L) - 2.34 (% Si), best explained and estimated IVTD from chemical composition. It may be concluded that various chemical components of the grasses, namely, CP, C, L, and Si, may be utilized to estimate IVTD, without sacrificing accuracy and thus reducing time otherwise required and the cost otherwise incurred.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Composition, In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics, and In Situ Degradability of Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus hypochondriacus in Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kim Margarette C. Nogoy ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
Young Gyu Song ◽  
Shida Li ◽  
Jong-Wook Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Amaranthus Caudatus ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus

The amaranth plants showed high potential feed value as forage for ruminants. An in-depth study of this plant, particularly in cattle, will help extend its utilization as an alternative protein and fiber feed source in cattle feeding. In this study, the nutrient compositions of three different species of amaranth, Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthus cruentus L., and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.—two varieties for each species, A.ca 74, A.ca 91, A.cu 62, A.cu 66, A. hy 30, and A. hy 48—were evaluated. The in vitro technique was used to evaluate the fermentation characteristics such as total gas production, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, pH, and ammonia concentration of the rumen fluid. Moreover, the effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM) and crude protein (EDCP) of the amaranth forages were determined through in situ bag technique. The amaranth forages: A. caudatus, A. cruentus, and A. hypochondriacus showed better nutritive value than the locally produced forages in Chungcheong province of Korea. The CP of the amaranth ranged from 11.95% to 14.19%, and the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 45.53% to 70.88% and 34.17% to 49.83%, respectively. Among the amaranth varieties, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the most excellent ruminant feed nutrient quality (CP, 14.19%; NDF, 45.53%; and ADF, 34.17%). The effective degradabilities of dry matter (EDDM; 33–56%) and crude protein EDCP (27–59%) of the amaranth were lower compared to other studies, which could be due to the maturity stage at which the forages were harvested. Nonetheless, A. hypochondriacus 48 showed the highest EDDM (56.73%) and EDCP (59.09%). The different amaranth species did not differ greatly in terms of total VFA concentration or molar proportions, total gas production, or ammonia-N concentration. The high nutrient composition, and highly effective degradability of dry matter and crude protein, coupled with the favorable fermentation characteristics, suggest that the amaranth forages showed good to excellent feed quality for cattle.

scholarly journals The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae): A Review of Its Diversity, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva ◽  
Davlat Kh. Akramov ◽  
Ludger A. Wessjohann ◽  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Chunlin Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
South Central ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Central South

The genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) is native to Central, South-Central, and Eastern Asia. It comprises 44 species, which have been commonly used as herbal medicines for the treatments of various ailments for thousands of years, especially in Asian countries. This review aims to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of species from the genus Lagochilus to unveil opportunities for future research. In addition, we provide some information about their traditional uses, botany, and diversity. More than 150 secondary metabolites have been reported from Lagochilus, including diterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides, lignans, steroids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile, non-volatile and aromatic compounds, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and other secondary metabolites. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from Lagochilus species showed hemostatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antispasmodic, hypotensive, sedative, psychoactive, and other activities.

scholarly journals The Performance of Steers Fed on Sugarcane in natura or Ensiled with Concentrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Dheynne Alves Vieira ◽  
Andréia Santos Cezário ◽  
Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos Santos ◽  
Jeferson Corrêa Ribeiro ◽  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu steers fed on the diets containing sugarcane in natura or ensiled with two levels of concentrate (30% and 70%). A total of 32 males of 394 kg of body weight were used in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and seven repetitions. The animals reported a high dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.05) when fed on the high concentrate levels. The increase in concentrate levels resulted in an approximately 25% to 60% higher DMI as compared to the lowest level offered by silage-based diets and sugarcane in natura. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter were observed in the diets based on sugarcane in natura (P < 0.05). The sugarcane based diets also affected (P > 0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrates. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the diets for average daily weight gain, carcass dressing, carcass gain, and feed conversion. The diets based on sugarcane in nature or ensiled with 30% and 70% concentrates do not influence the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu cattle.

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