EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND HARVEST DATE ON YIELD, BOTANICAL COMPOSITION, CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION, INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS-ALFALFA HERBAGE BY SHEEP

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-756
Author(s):  
W. P. McCAUGHEY ◽  
R. D. H. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Harvest Dates

The effects of the plant growth regulators mefluidide (M) and maleic hydrazide (MH) were compared to untreated controls (C) at each of two harvest dates in 1987 (14 Aug. and 14 Sept.) and 1988 (27 June and 25 July). Plant growth regulators (PGR) were applied at rates of 0.28 kg active ingredient (a.i.) Mha−1 and 1.12 kg a.i. MH ha−1on 14 and 15 July 1987 and on 11 May 1988 to a mixed crested wheatgrass-alfalfa pasture. Application of PGR to the pasture reduced yield (P < 0.01) and increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of alfalfa in the mixture in 1987 only. Chemical composition of crested wheatgrass subsamples was largely unaltered by PGR treatment in 1987 but in 1988 crude protein (P < 0.01), in vitro organic matter disgestibility (P < 0.05) and ash (P < 0.001) were increased and neutral detergent fiber was decreased (P < 0.01). In 1987 the crude protein (P < 0.01) and ash (P < 0.05) contents of alfalfa were increased but were unaffected by PGR treatment in 1988. There were large differences in nutritional value between early- and late-harvest dates in 1987 when moisture was available but only small differences during the drought of 1988. In vivo digestibility of hay from treated plots in 1987 had lower organic matter digestibility (P < 0.001), hemicellulose digestibility (P < 0.001), cellulose digestibility (P < 0.05), acid detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.05) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P < 0.01). In 1987, late-harvested material had lower digestible organic matter intake kg−0.75 and digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, hemicellulose, cellulose, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and ash were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than for material harvested earlier. The improvements in forage quality were not sufficient to offset the large yield reductions which are likely to occur in a semi-arid environment. Key words: Plant growth regulators, mefluidide, maleic hydrazide, forage quality, sheep, intake

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF VARIOUS PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE AND YIELD OF ALFALFA

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. BUCK ◽  
R. D. H. COHEN ◽  
D. A. CHRISTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) were evaluated with regard to alfalfa quality parameters: acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), lignin, crude protein (CP), calcium, phosphorus and dry matter (DM) yield. PGRs mefluidide and chlormequat were applied 28 and 49 d after initiation of alfalfa spring growth in 112 and 225 L ha−1 of water, whereas maleic hydrazide, ancymidol, paclobutrazol, daminozide, dicamba, 2,4-DB, MCPB, flamprop methyl, carbofuran, accel and ethephon were applied 28 d after initiation of alfalfa spring growth in 112 L ha−1 water. Alfalfa ADF, NDF and lignin were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in some trials by mefluidide, chlormequat, maleic hydrazide, dicamba, carbofuran and accel. Ancymidol and daminozide significantly (P < 0.05) increased fiber content and ancymidol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the CP level. Carbofuran significantly increased CP (P < 0.05), calcium (P < 0.05) and phosphorus (P < 0.01). Mefluidide had significant (P < 0.05) effects on calcium and DM yield, but the nature of these responses was not consistent. Rate of mefluidide applied and time of application had significant (P < 0.05) effects on CP values. A large environment-PGR interaction was indicated.Key words: Mefluidide, chlormequat, maleic hydrazide, ancymidol, dicamba, carbofuran

scholarly journals Effect of odontoplasty on apparent digestibility and consumption time of diet for equines

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
F.C.D. Araújo ◽  
M.G. Cruz ◽  
J.C.C. Balieiro ◽  
M.L. Menezes ◽  
C.G. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of odontoplasty on apparent digestibility of diet for horses, consumption time, and particle size of feces. Nine horses were used, aged 14.5±3.3 years and weightng 531±38.7kg. The diet consisted of 1.5% of live weight (LW) in Tifton 85 hay and 0.75% of LW in concentrate for both assays. The experiment consisted of two tests of apparent digestibility using the method of total collection, before and after the odontoplasty, where the consumption time of hay and concentrate was also evaluated and the particle size of the feces was analyzed. An effect (P<0.05) of odontoplasty on the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was observed. Effect of the consumption time for the concentrate (P<0.05) was observed, but not for the forage (P<0.05). There was more retention (P<0.05) of the fecal particles in the sieves of bigger granulometry. The odontoplasty increases the digestibility of dietary nutrients and feces particle size, without changing feces quality. Animals after the procedure have shorter concentrate consumption time.

scholarly journals Effects of plant growth regulators on growth, flowering, fruiting and fruit yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.): A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
Sanjeevan Gosai ◽  
Subash Adhikari ◽  
Saugat Khanal ◽  
Padam Bahadur Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic and applied aspects of different plant growth regulators in the regulation of growth and development of cucumber plants. The study is completely based on the use of secondary sources of data; related journals, government institutes, and relevant reports. Foliar application of PGRs has been shown to change the physiological and developmental processes, including plant vegetative growth, sex expression, yield, and yield components in cucumber. There are basically two types of growth regulators; plant growth promoters such as auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, maleic hydrazide, ethephon, etc. and plant growth inhibitors such as ethylene, abscisic acids, dormins, etc. The combined use of auxins and gibberellins result in increased secondary growth. Maleic hydrazide (MH) along with Ethephon at 100 ppm each increases the number of nodes and primary branches.  Ethrel at 300-400 ppm retards the secondary development and increase femaleness, and at 200-300 ppm make fruit surface smooth. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) at 400 ppm enhances the maleness in cucumber. Application of Ethephon at 300 ppm reduces the harvesting time of the fruit. Salicylic acid (at 2 doses of 0.07 mm/l + 0.18 mm/l) increases chlorophyll content and its exogenous application increases the fruit yield. Maleic Hydrazide (MH) alone at 100 ppm increases the femaleness, inhibits apical growth at 50-100 ppm, and increases fruit size at 200 ppm. Therefore, various auxin [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), NAA], auxin transport inhibitor (TIBA), cytokinins (KIN), gibberellin [gibberellic acid (GA3)], ABA, ethylene [(2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethrel; ethephon; CEPA)] and growth retardant (MH) have been applied to control the vegetative growth and to maximize yield of cucumber. Numerous obstacles have hindered the quality cucumber production in Nepal; like environmental stresses, biotic and abiotic constraints, pest and disease outbreaks, and many others. The use of exogenous plant growth regulators has been crucial to Nepali cucumber producers as plant growth regulators has hasty effect on vegetative as well as the quality yield of plants. This study aims to reveal the suitable concentrations for the applications of growth regulators so that the use of such regulators is environmentally and toxicologically safe for both plants and the consumers.

scholarly journals Response of `TifEagle' Bermudagrass to Seven Plant Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1759-1762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Haibo Liu ◽  
Lambert B. McCarty ◽  
Ted Whitwell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Cyclohexane Carboxylic Acid

Dwarf bermudagrass morphological characteristics following the use of plant growth regulators have not been reported. The objective of this greenhouse study was to determine short-term effects of seven plant growth regulators on clipping yield, chlorophyll concentration, and root mass of `TifEagle' bermudagrass. Growth regulators tested included ethephon, fenarimol, flurprimidol, maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, paclobutrazol, and trinexapac-ethyl. Two applications of each compound were made over a 6-week period. Root mass was reduced 39% by fenarimol and 43% by flurprimidol, while other PGRs had root mass similar to untreated turf. `TifEagle' bermudagrass treated with paclobutrazol, mefluidide, fenarimol, and flurprimidol averaged 45% less root mass than trinexapac-ethyl-treated turf. Trinexapac-ethyl was the only compound to reduce clippings and enhance turf quality without negative rooting effects. Chemical names used: [4-(cyclopropyl-[α]-hydroxymethylene)-3,5-dioxo-cyclohexane carboxylic acid ethyl ester] (trinexapac-ethyl); {α-(1-methylethyl)-α-[4-(trifluoro-methoxy) phenyl] 5-pyrimidine-methanol} (flurprimidol); (+/-)-(R*,R*)-β-[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]-α-(1, 1-dimethyl)-1H-1,2,4,-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol); (N-[2,4-dimethyl-5 [[(trifluoro-methyl)-sulfonyl] amino]phenyl]acetamide) (mefluidide); [1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazine-dione] (maleic hydrazide); [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] (ethephon); and (2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol) (fenarimol).

scholarly journals THE EFFICIENCY OF NITRAGIN AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS USE IN SOYBEAN GROWING

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 74-85
Author(s):  
N.O. Leonova ◽  
L.V. Titova ◽  
E.V. Tantsyurenko ◽  
A.F. Antipchuk ◽  
G.O. Iutinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Soybean Nodulation

The іnoculation and plant growth regulators have been studied for their effect on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation and productivity of soybean in the field experiments. It was shown that nitraginisation with the high efficient strain B. japonicum 71т (UCМ В-6035) promotes active rhizobium-soybean nodulation system, and crude protein yield increasing as the result of the symbiosis efficiency. The combined use of Nitragin and plant growth regulators requires attention to both cultivar peculiarities of macrosymbionts and specific action of these preparations.

scholarly journals Plant growth regulators on sweet sorghum: physiological and nutritional value analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Rodrigues Macedo ◽  
Diego Kitahara Araújo ◽  
Valdinei Moreira Santos ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Camargo e Castro ◽  
Gisele Machado Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Value Analysis

Sweet sorghum has gained attention in tropical and subtropical regions because of its potential as a bioenergy crop. The present research was carried out to evaluate the physiological, biochemical and nutritional characteristics of sweet sorghum submitted to six plant growth regulators (thiamethoxam, biostimulant mixture, gibberellic acid, chlormequat chloride, ethephon, and trinexapac-ethyl). The compounds were applied via foliar spraying in order to increase the productive potential of plants and reduce the carbohydrates sink strength by inflorescences. The experiment was conducted in pots and the following variables were evaluated: plant height, inflorescence dry matter, soluble solids content, shoot dry matter, crude protein, ashes, neutral detergent fiber and in vitro digestibility. It were observed the action of trinexapac-ethyl and ethephon to reduce the inflorescence dry matter, chlormequat chloride to increase the shoot dry matter, and trinexapac-ethyl to improve ashes content and reduce the neutral detergent fiber contents. These results indicate that chlormequat chloride and trinexapac-ethyl are effective in restricting the plant growth and increasing sorghum nutritional quality.

scholarly journals Effects of Exogenous Application of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth, Yield, and In Vitro Gynogenesis in Cucumber

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyada Alisha Tantasawat ◽  
Atitaya Sorntip ◽  
Paniti Pornbungkerd
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ovary Culture ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Triiodobenzoic Acid

The effects of exogenous application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) were evaluated on both field performance and in vitro gynogenesis of ‘Chai Lai’ and ‘Big C’ cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plants were sprayed with two concentrations of N6-furfuryladenine [kinetin (KIN); 2 and 20 ppm], 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA; 1 and 10 ppm), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 10 and 100 ppm), abscisic acid (ABA; 2 and 20 ppm), thidiazuron (TDZ; 1 and 10 ppm), and maleic hydrazide (MH; 10 and 100 ppm) to assess their effects on vegetative growth and floral and yield related traits in the Winter of 2013 and in the Summer of 2014 compared with distilled water control. Meanwhile, the effects of two PGRs (KIN and TIBA) on cucumber gynogenesis were also investigated in vitro. Growth parameters and floral and yield-related traits were significantly affected by the various PGRs in both cultivars during both seasons. In both cultivars, the highest yield was obtained with the application of 10 ppm NAA during the Winter of 2013 (1.5- to 1.8-fold over control) and with 1 ppm TIBA during the Summer of 2014 (2.1- to 2.2-fold over control). With regard to the ovary culture response, exogenous application of KIN and TIBA on floral buds tended to enhance callus formation in ‘Chai Lai’ cultured on I7 medium, whereas no effect was observed in ‘Big C’. The embryo-like structure (ELS) formation efficiencies also tended to increase with 2 and 20 ppm KIN and 1 ppm TIBA application in ‘Chai Lai’ and with 20 ppm KIN and 1 ppm TIBA application in ‘Big C’ when cultured on I7 medium. Nevertheless, TIBA at high concentrations (10 ppm) decreased the percentages of ELS formation and the number of ELSs/piece in both cultivars. These results suggest that the polar auxin transport may play a major role on growth, floral and yield-related traits, yield as well as in vitro gynogenesis in cucumber. However, the success of exogenous applications of these PGRs depended on several factors including plant genotypes, growing seasons, types and concentrations of PGRs, and for ovary culture, the responses also varied according to the induction media used. Chemical names: abscisic acid (ABA); maleic hydrazide (MH); naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA); N6-furfuryladenine (kinetin; KIN); thidiazuron (TDZ); 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA).

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