scholarly journals The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae): A Review of Its Diversity, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva ◽  
Davlat Kh. Akramov ◽  
Ludger A. Wessjohann ◽  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Chunlin Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
South Central ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Central South

The genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) is native to Central, South-Central, and Eastern Asia. It comprises 44 species, which have been commonly used as herbal medicines for the treatments of various ailments for thousands of years, especially in Asian countries. This review aims to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of species from the genus Lagochilus to unveil opportunities for future research. In addition, we provide some information about their traditional uses, botany, and diversity. More than 150 secondary metabolites have been reported from Lagochilus, including diterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides, lignans, steroids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile, non-volatile and aromatic compounds, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and other secondary metabolites. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from Lagochilus species showed hemostatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antispasmodic, hypotensive, sedative, psychoactive, and other activities.

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of the Genus Pedicularis Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (05) ◽  
pp. 1071-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao-Xing Li ◽  
Xi-Rui He ◽  
Rui Tao ◽  
Xinyuan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Glycosides

In the present review, the literature data on the chemical constituents and biological investigations of the genus Pedicularis are summarized. Some species of Pedicularis have been widely applied in traditional Chinese medicine. A wide range of chemical components including iridoid glycosides, phenylpropanoid glycosides (PhGs), lignans glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and other compounds have been isolated and identified from the genus Pedicularis. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated some monomer compounds and extracts from the genus Pedicularis have been found to possess antitumor, hepatoprotective, anti-oxidative, antihaemolysis, antibacterial activity, fatigue relief of skeletal muscle, nootropic effect and other activities.

Plant derived secondary metabolites in cancer therapy: actions, applications, and future prospective of dietaryflavonol (quercetin)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Krishnagowdu Saravanan ◽  
Jayachandran Halka ◽  
Kumaresan Kowsalya ◽  
Muthukrishnan Arun
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Antioxidant Agents

Higher plants are prominent sources for several bioactive chemical constituents (secondary metabolites) who include photochemical, flavoring agents, fragrant molecules, and food additives. According to WHO estimates, it has been reported that more than 80% of population in developing countries prefer these natural bioactive active compounds for their primary health requirement. At present, conventional chemotherapy is constrained due to the nonselective toxicity to human organs and their usage is limited now a days. In a recent survey, more than 60% of cancer patients have been preferring adjuvant phototherapy along with chemotherapy. Thus, photochemical are being widely used as anticancer agents to target specific pathological pathways underlying cancer with low toxic profiles and side effects. These photochemical are cost-effective and easily accessible to the public to treat cancer diseases. These bioactive photochemical are meticulously belongs to secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols.Among them, the flavonoids are polyphenolic substances, which are found in all parts of the plant such as flowers, fruits, leaves, roots, seeds, and bark. They possess high medicinal properties like being anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-malarial, antioxidant agents. Quercetin is major flavones associated with a profound antioxidant and medicinal property to prevent the oxidation of lipids in vitro and in vivo, and also exhibits direct proapoptotic effects on tumor cells. This compound has proven efficacy in targeting several cancer cells of breast, colon, prostate, ovarian, and lung tumor in vitro. The present review focuses on the effect of quercetin in cancer therapy.

Anthelmintic activity of plants against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats: a review

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (10) ◽  
pp. 1233-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francianne Oliveira Santos ◽  
Amanda Ponce Morais Cerqueira ◽  
Alexsandro Branco ◽  
Maria José Moreira Batatinha ◽  
Mariana Borges Botura
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

AbstractThe gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) stand out as an important cause of disease in small ruminant, especially on goat farm. Widespread resistance to synthetic anthelminthics has stimulated the research for alternative strategies of parasite control, including the use of medicinal plants. The present work summarizes the in vitro and in vivo studies of plants with activity against GIN of goats, focusing on the description of chemical constituents related to this effect. This review retrieved 56 scientific articles from 2008 to 2018 describing more than 100 different plant species. The most frequently investigated family was Fabaceae (30.7%). Most in vitro studies on the activity of plant extracts and fractions were carried out with of free-living stages nematodes. In vivo studies were conducted mainly with the use of plants in animal feed and generally showed lower effectiveness compared to in vitro assays. The main plant secondary metabolites associated with anthelmintic effect are condensed tannins, saponin and flavonoids. However, the studies with compounds isolated from plants and elucidation of their mechanisms of action are scarce. Herbal medicines are thought to be promising sources for the development of effective anthelmintic agents.

Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Family Flacourtiaceae: A Class of Important Phytomedicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (02) ◽  
pp. 287-328
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jing Kong ◽  
Jin-Hua Zhang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Further Development

Flacourtiaceae plants are widely used as folk medicines in traditional medicine systems for its chemical diversity and pharmacological activities. In many different areas, Flacourtiaceae plants are used as traditional medicines for the treatment of ulcers, malaria, rheumatism. The Flacourtiaceae plants contain a very plentiful chemical composition, and phytochemical studies show that the Flacourtiaceae plants contained terpenoids, aromatic glycosides, flavnoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, fatty hydrocarbon, and other compounds. In pharmacological studies, various extract and isolated individual compounds exhibited antitumor, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this review, the literature data on the chemical constituents and pharmacological investigations of the Flacourtiaceae plants are summarized, to provide information about a more comprehensive chemical composition and detailed pharmacological activities of Flacourtiaceae plants, with a view of further development of clinical medication. However, research on quantitative analysis, toxicity, and drug safety in vitro and in vivo is still insufficient, and further research is required.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Properties and Reported Ethnomedicinal Use of the Genus Echium (Boraginaceae)

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Ju Jin ◽  
Mark Boersch ◽  
Akshaya Nagarajan ◽  
Andrew K. Davey ◽  
Matthew Zunk
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Components ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses ◽  
First Time

The genus Echium L. from the Boraginaceae family consists of 67 recognised species. The genus is widely distributed in the Mediterranean, having been documented in the traditional medicine of the area since 300 B.C. Current pharmacological studies have validated early ethnomedicinal properties showing that Echium spp. possesses antioxidant, analgesic, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. Nevertheless, only limited papers report specifically on the phytochemistry of this genus. Furthermore, the potential of utilising extracts from Echium species as natural antioxidant preparations has been significantly neglected. For the first time, this review comprehensively describes and discusses the presence of recorded Echium species with ethnomedicinal uses, their antioxidative properties in vitro and in vivo when available, and major phytochemical components recognised as potent antioxidants, as well as the possibilities and opportunities for future research.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics on Astragali Radix: Implications for Astragali Radix as a Personalized Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhen Guo ◽  
Yanmei Lou ◽  
Muyan Kong ◽  
Qing Luo ◽  
Zhongqiu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Astragali Radix ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Astragali radix (AR) is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practices indicate that AR possesses various biological functions, including potent immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. To date, more than 200 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from AR. Among them, isoflavonoids, saponins and polysaccharides are the three main types of beneficial compounds responsible for its pharmacological activities and therapeutic efficacy. After ingestion of AR, the metabolism and biotransformation of the bioactive compounds were extensive in vivo. The isoflavonoids and saponins and their metabolites are the major type of constituents absorbed in plasma. The bioavailability barrier (BB), which is mainly composed of efflux transporters and conjugating enzymes, is expected to have a significant impact on the bioavailability of AR. This review summarizes studies on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics on AR. Additionally, the use of AR as a personalized medicine based on the BB is also discussed, which may provide beneficial information to achieve a better and more accurate therapeutic response of AR in clinical practice.

Chemical Constituents of Pedicularis densispica Franch

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Biao Chu ◽  
Guang Zhi Zeng ◽  
Mei Ju Zhu ◽  
Wen Jun He ◽  
Yu Mei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Pai 1

An ethanol extract of the dried aerial of Pedicularis densispica Franch (Scrophulariaceae) afforded a new lignan, densispicoside (1), and two new iridoids, densispicnin C and D (14, 15), together with four lignans, (+)-isolarisiresinol 3a-O-β -D-glucopyranoside (2), (-)-pinoresinol-β - D-glucopyranoside (3), syringaresinol mono-β -D-glucopyranoside (4), longifloroside B (5), eight phenylpropanoids, 4-O-β -D-glucopyranosyl-sinapic acid methyl ester (6), 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- 1,2,3-propantriol (7), citrusin C (8), robustaside B (9), verbascoside (10), martynoside (11), 2ʺ-O-acetylverbascoside (12), cis-martynoside (13), and two iridoid glycosides, shanzhiside methyl ester (16), and 8-epiloganin (17). Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic studies. Bioactivity results indicate that P. densispica shows activity on PAI-1 antithrombus assay in vitro and antifatigue activities in vivo.

scholarly journals Identification of the Chemical Constituents in Simiao Wan and Rat Plasma after Oral Administration by GC-MS and LC-MS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunshuang Fan ◽  
Yamei Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Wu ◽  
Lixin Li ◽  
Yuming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Simiao Wan (SMW), an important multiherbal formula used in traditional Chinese medicine, is extensively used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. However, the knowledge of the bioactive components of SMW remains unclear. Thus, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to analyze the chemical constituents of volatile and nonvolatile extracts of SMW, as well as its absorbed components in rat plasma after oral SMW administration. Identification of several compounds was enabled by comparison of retention times, MS spectra, and MS/MS spectral data with the standard substance and reference materials reported in the literature. In the volatile extracts, GC-MS identified 26 compounds in vitro, three of which observed in blood by GC-MS. In the nonvolatile extracts, LC-MS identified 49 compounds in SMW; 18 compounds containing 7 prototype compounds, 5 metabolites, and 6 unknown compounds were absorbed by blood. The proposed GC-MS and LC-MS method was appropriate not only for the rapid screening and identification of multiple components of an SMW extract but also for screening its bioactive constituents in vivo. The proposed method could be a promising tool for the quality control of other Chinese herbal medicines.

scholarly journals Imperata cylindrica: A Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Industrial Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1454
Author(s):  
Young-Kyung Jung ◽  
Dongyun Shin
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Imperata cylindrica is a medicinal plant native to southwestern Asia and the tropical and subtropical zones. To date, 72 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from I. cylindrica Among these compounds, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and glycosides are the major constituents. Investigations of pharmacological activities of I. cylindrica revealed that this edible medicinal herb exhibits a wide range of therapeutic potential including immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and liver protection activities both in vivo and in vitro. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of I. cylindrica studies until 2019. This article also intends to review advances in the botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies and industrial applications of I. cylindrica, which will provide a useful bibliography for further investigations and applications of I. cylindrica in medicines and foods.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Genus Sanguisorba: Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents and Medical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Jingyan Li ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Long Wang ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Traditional Uses

Genus Sanguisorba (family: Rosaceae) comprises nearly 148 species, distributed widely across the temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Sanguisorba officinalis L. (S. officinalis) has been used as a hemostatic and scald treating medicine in China for a long time. Numerous studies have demonstrated that plant extracts or monomers from S. officinalis exhibit several pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-virus, anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects. The other species of genus Sanguisorba are also being studied by researchers worldwide. Sanguisorba minor Scop. (S. minor), as an edible wild plant, is a common ingredient of the Mediterranean diet, and its young shoots and leaves are often mixed with traditional vegetables and consumed as salad. Reports on genus Sanguisorba available in the current literature were collected from Google Scholar, Web of Science, Springer, and PubMed. The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org./tpl1.1/search?q=Sanguisorba), International Plant Name Index (https://www.ipni.org/?q=Sanguisorba) and Kew Botanical Garden (http://powo.science.kew.org/) were used for obtaining the scientific names and information on the subspecies and cultivars. In recent years, several in vivo and in vitro experiments have been conducted to reveal the active components and effective monomers of S. officinalis and S. minor. To date, more than 270 compounds have been isolated and identified so far from the species belonging to genus Sanguisorba. Numerous reports on the chemical constituents, pharmacologic effects, and toxicity of genus Sanguisorba are available in the literature. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the current traditional applications of plants, which are supported by a large number of scientific experiments. Owing to these promising properties, this species is used in the treatment of various diseases, including influenza virus infection, inflammation, Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes and leukopenia caused by bone marrow suppression. Moreover, the rich contents and biological effects of S. officinalis and S. minor facilitate these applications in dietary supplements and cosmetics. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in the traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical applications of genus Sanguisorba. The present comprehensive review may provide new insights for the future research on genus Sanguisorba.

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