DEVELOPMENT OF CYTOLYTIC ENZYME ACTIVITIES DURING GERMINATION OF DIFFERENT BARLEYS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. BALLANCE ◽  
W. O. S. MEREDITH
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hydrolase Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Glucanase Activity

The development of three cytolytic enzyme activities was assessed at sequential stages of germination for water-steeped and also gibberellic acid-treated samples of six barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. The cytolytic enzymes were barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase, endo-β 1,4-glucanase and endo-β 1,3-glucanase. Significant differences in the activity development profiles of the three enzymes were noted. Differences between cultivars were quite apparent for the barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activities but not for the other two activities. Gibberellic acid enhanced the barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activity within cultivars to varying degrees, slightly increased endo-β 1,3-glucanase activity and had no effect on endo-β 1,4-glucanase activities.

DISTRIBUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENDO-β-GLUCANASE ACTIVITIES IN BARLEY TISSUES DURING GERMINATION

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. BALLANCE ◽  
W. O. S. MEREDITH ◽  
D. E. LABERGE
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Hydrolase Activity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Glucanase Activity

Extracts of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) tissues were assayed for endo-β1,4-glucanase, endo-β1,3-glucanase and barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activities. The seven tissues examined were-hull, pericarp, green layer, aleurone, endosperm, embryo and scutellum. Tissues were dissected from unsteeped barley kernels and from kernels at various stages of germination. Endo-β1,4-glucanase activity occurred primarily in the hull and pericarp tissues but was also present in the endosperm during late germination. Endo-β1,3-glucanase activity was located predominantly in the embryo and scutellum of unsteeped kernels. During germination, this activity increased markedly in the aleurone and endosperm. Barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activity was concentrated in the aleurone and endosperm and small amounts were found in the hull, embryo and scutellum. Analyses of extracts from hull and endosperm tissues by column chromatography with CM-cellulose indicated that both tissues contain two similar enzymes with barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activity.

EST-SSR markers derived from an elite barley cultivar (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Morex’): polymorphism and genetic marker potential

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 665-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livinus C. Emebiri
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
High Level

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats have become the markers of choice for marker-assisted selection because of their low template DNA requirement, high reproducibility, and high level of polymorphism. This study investigated a new set of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) EST-derived SSR markers designed to target gene sequences expressed during grain development, as they are more likely to be important in determining grain quality. The EST sequences (HVSMEh and HVSMEi) were derived from cDNA libraries of the elite six-rowed cultivar Morex, made from spikes harvested at 5 to 45 days after pollination. Approximately half of the 110 SSR markers derived from the ESTs were polymorphic in a panel of 8 diverse barley genotypes, with PIC values between 0.19 and 0.79. Twenty of the new markers were mapped to chromosomal locations using 2 doubled haploid populations. To demonstrate marker potential, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses were carried out with phenotypic data on wort β-glucan content and β-glucanase activity, two traits with a long history of genetic studies. Most of the EST-SSR markers mapped to within 10 cM of the cellulose synthase (HvCesA) and cellulose synthase-like (HvCslF) genes, which provides highly informative functional markers for tracking these genes in breeding programs. It was also observed that on any given chromosome, the QTL for β-glucan content and β-glucanase activity were rarely coincident but tended to occur in adjacent intervals along chromosomal regions, which agreed with their independent genetic basis; the adjacent localization may be important for coordination of cell wall degradation during germination and malting.

COMPARISON OF SORGHUM WITH WHEAT AND BARLEY GROWN ON DRYLAND

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. MAJOR ◽  
W. M. HAMMAN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Plant Yields ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench ’Pride P130’), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Neepawa’), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Galt’) were harvested at 1-wk intervals on dryland at Lethbridge, Alberta, in 1976 and 1977 and separated into leaves, stems, heads, and seed. Whole-plant yields were higher in 1976 than in 1977 and sorghum whole-plant yields were higher than barley or wheat in both years. Sorghum grain yields were similar to those of barley, but were greater than those of wheat. Although sorghum is about 40 days later maturing than barley or wheat, its whole-plant and filling-period durations were not very different from the other two crops. Sorghum used water more efficiently than wheat or barley under drought conditions. The biggest disadvantage of present sorghum hybrids appears to be slow growth in spring.

Identification and potential enzyme capacity of flavobacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Efsen Johansen ◽  
Preben Nielsen ◽  
Svend Jørgen Binnerup
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Gliding Motility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Partial Sequencing

The diversity of 99 flavobacterium-like isolates from a barley rhizosphere is described. They were identified on 1/10 strength tryptic soy agar by their yellowish colour and a flexirubin reaction after exposure to 10% KOH.16S rDNA partial sequencing identified the majority (70%) of isolates as Flavobacterium . Twelve percent of the isolates belonged to other genera in the phylum Bacteroidetes. Finally 17% of the isolates did not belong to the phylum Bacteroidetes. Most of the Flavobacterium isolates were affiliated to various aquatic, validly named species and likely represent a bulk of undescribed soil Flavobacterium species found in especially high numbers in the rhizosphere of young plant roots. Most Flavobacterium isolates showed gliding motility on CY agar and VY/2 agar, whereas none of the other isolates shared this feature. A high percentage of Flavobacterium strains produced enzymes involved in polysaccharide and protein digestion as well as extracellular phosphatases, compared with strains related to other genera in the phylum Bacteroidetes.

Decrease in glycolate pathway enzyme activities in plastids and peroxisomes of the albostrians mutant of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Plant Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Boldt ◽  
Swetlana Koshuchowa ◽  
Wolfgang Gross ◽  
Thomas Börner ◽  
Claus Schnarrenberger
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Agronomic response to seeding rate of two- and six-rowed barley cultivars in central Alberta

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Jedel ◽  
J. H. Helm
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Yield Responses

Little information is available on the response of two-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars to seeding rate in central Alberta. The objective of this research was to compare the effects of seeding rates of 129–344 seeds m−2 (50–140 kg ha−1) on the agronomic response of two- and six-rowed barley grown in central Alberta. Grain yields of 5.8–6.1 t ha−1 were not affected by seeding rates in 1990 and 1991 at Lacombe. As seeding rates increased in 1992, grain yields at Lacombe increased from 6.4 to 7.8 t ha−1; at Olds, from 3.5 to 4.0 t ha−1; and at Botha for the 129 seeds m−2 treatment, yields were only 5.5 t ha−1, compared with 5.8 to 6.0 t ha−1 for the other treatments. Effects of seeding rate on test and kernel weights varied between location–years. Tiller numbers m−2 were found to increase at higher seeding rates for the two-rowed cultivars, Abee and Harrington, while for the six-rowed cultivars, Noble and Virden, these numbers remained constant. Node numbers spike−1 decreased with higher seeding rates for both two- and six-rowed cultivars. There was little effect of seeding rate on kernel number spike−1 for the two-rowed cultivars, while for the six-rowed cultivars this number decreased. Although the two- and six-rowed cultivars differed in their partitioning of yield and the effects of seeding rates on these components, their yield responses to seeding rate did not differ. Recommended seeding rates for barley in central Alberta should be above 129 seeds m−2 (50 kg ha−1). To maintain high kernel and test weights, seeding rates for barley grown in central Alberta for malt quality should range from 172 to 258 seeds m−2. When conditions warrant accelerated development, seeding rates of 300 or more seeds m−2 should be used. Key words:Hordeum vulgare, management, yield components

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