EFFECTS OF INOCULATION AND FERTILIZER N LEVELS ON N2 FIXATION AND YIELDS OF SOYBEANS IN ONTARIO

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1129-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERNEST SEMU ◽  
D. J. HUME
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Nodule Efficiency

Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) often do not give yield responses to added fertilizer nitrogen (N) because high soil N levels inhibit fixation of atmospheric N2. Yield responses to N fertilizer applied at planting usually indicate that N2 fixation is less than optimal. The effects of inoculation with Rhizobium japonicum, and fertilizer N levels, on soybean N2(C2H2) fixation and seed yields in Ontario were investigated in ’ 1976 and 1977. Three locations were used each year, representing areas where soybeans had been grown for many years (Ridgetown), for only a few years (Elora), or not at all (Woodstock). Treatments were (a) Uninoculated + 0 N, (b–e) Inoculated + 0, 50, 100 or 200 kg N/ha. Results indicated that inoculation increased seed yields only when soybeans were introduced into new areas. Fertilizer N applications at planting time did not increase yields in areas where soybeans had been grown several times previously, indicating that N2 fixation could support maximum yields. Nodule number and mass, and N2(C2H2) fixation rates were all decreased by fertilizer N. An increase in nodule efficiency, later in the season, in high N treatments was most marked at Ridgetown.

Influence of soybean inoculation and nitrogen levels on populations and serogroups of Rhizobium japonicum in Ontario

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Semu ◽  
D. J. Hume ◽  
C. T. Corke
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Glycine Max L

Strains and numbers of Rhizobium japonicum in the soil can influence soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) yields but R. japonicum serogroups and numbers in Ontario soils have not been studied. In 1976 and 1977, the influences of inoculation and fertilizer nitrogen (N) levels on populations, measured by most probable number (MPN) techniques, and serogroups of R. japonicum were studied at three Ontario sites. The locations, near Ridgetown, Elora, and Woodstock, represented areas where soybeans had been grown many times previously, only a few times or not at all, respectively. Treatments were (a) un inoculated + O N; (b–e) inoculated +0, 50, 100 or 200 kg N/ha.At Ridgetown, MPN's, expressed on log10 bases, ranged from 5.17/g soil in 1977 to 7.02 in 1976. At Elora, comparable values were from 3.66 to 6.43. Inoculation did not increase MPN's at either site. At Woodstock, inoculation increased MPN's from 0 to about 2.47 in both years. Nitrogen application did not change the MPN values at any site in either year.Serogroup 110 predominated in the nodules at Ridgetown in both years. At Elora, serogroup 123 was found most frequently in nodules. Serogroups 311b 138 in 1976 and 122 and 125 in 1977 were found most frequently after inoculation at Woodstock. Additions of fertilizer N had only slight effects on the distribution of serogroups in the nodules.

N credit of soybean to a following corn crop in central Ontario

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Ding ◽  
D. J. Hume ◽  
T. J. Vyn ◽  
E. G. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen ◽  
Corn Grain

Field studies were conducted to determine the nitrogen (N) fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) when soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) preceded corn (Zea mays L.) in the rotation (S-C), compared to corn preceding corn (C-C). Large, replicated blocks of soybean and corn were established in 1993 and 1994 near Elora, Ontario. In the following year, each large block was subdivided into smaller plots. Fertilizer N was applied at six rates from 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 to the second-year corn crop. Corn grain yield responses to fertilizer N were fitted by quadratic regression. Maximum economic rate of N was calculated for each crop sequence and NFRV's were determined. Corn yields were consistently higher when grown after soybean (S-C) than after corn (C-C). Maximum corn yields were 10.4 and 12.3 Mg ha−1 in 1994 and 1995, respectively. NFRVs for S-C, compared to C-C, were 41 and 59 kg N ha−1 in the two years. As a result of these studies and numerous other experiments, recommended fertilizer N rates have been changed to 30 kg N ha−1 less for S-C than for C-C in central Ontario. Key words: Nitrogen credit, corn, soybean, fertilizer N, replacement value, crop rotation

scholarly journals Early Events in the Infection of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) by Rhizobium japonicum

1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Bhuvaneswari ◽  
B. Gillian Turgeon ◽  
Wolfgang D. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Glycine Max L

Soybean nitrogen contribution to corn and residual nitrate under conventional tillage and no-till

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Rembon ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Tillage Method

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) can produce high-N residues that may benefit subsequent corn (Zea mays L.) production, but the degree of benefit is often unpredictable and may be related to tillage methods. This study investigated the effects of conventional-tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) on fertilizer replacement values for corn in a corn-soybean rotation. Field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons on two soils, a Ste. Rosalie clay (Humic Gleysol), and an Ormstown silty clay (Humic Gleysol). Continuous corn, corn following soybean, soybean following corn, continuous soybean, and three levels of fertilizer N (0, 90, 180 and 0, 20, and 40 kg N ha−1 for corn and soybean, respectively) were compared. Tillage did not effect yield or N uptake consistently. Corn grain yields and N uptake were greater following soybean than following corn. Soybean provided N fertilizer credits ranging from 40 to 150 kg N ha−1, which was greater than the residual NO3 in the soil prior to planting. Credits were greater in the year with higher corn yields and lower previous winter precipitation resulting in greater NO3 carryover. Tillage effects on N credits from soybean differed between the sites. Consequently, N contributions of soybean to corn could not be related to tillage method or soil type. Key words:Zea mays L., Glycine max L. Merill, rotations, grain yield, N uptake, tillage, fertilizer N

PRODUCTION PRACTICES FOR EARLY MATURING SOYBEANS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DUBETZ ◽  
D. J. MAJOR ◽  
R. J. RENNIE
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Irrigation Requirements

Four experiments were conducted at two locations in southern Alberta, where no indigenous Rhizobium japonicum existed, to determine the effects of seeding dates, fertilizers, irrigation, and method of inoculant placement on the yield and quality of several early-maturing soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars. Highest yields were obtained when soybeans were seeded during the first half of May. Irrigation requirements varied between years but yields were similar whether soil moisture was depleted to the 6 × 104-Pa or the 3 × 104-Pa level before irrigating to field capacity. Soybean yields increased substantially from N fertilizer when the inoculant was applied to the seed without a sticker. When granular inoculant was banded with the seed there was no response to N, and the yields of inoculated plants were higher than those of plants that were uninoculated and received up to 160 kg N/ha. When properly inoculated, early-maturing cultivars such as King Grain strain X005 and Maple Presto were capable of maturing and producing seed of acceptable yield and quality in southern Alberta.Key words: Cultivars, fertilizer, irrigation, inoculant, Glycine max (L.) Merrill

Conservation of leghemoglobin heterogeneity and structures in cultivated and wild soybean

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1951-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Fuchsman ◽  
R. G. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Cultivated Soybean ◽  
Selection Of

The leghemoglobins from a genetically diverse selection of 69 cultivated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars and plant introductions and 18 wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) plant introductions all consist of the same set of major leghemoglobins (a, c1, c2, c3), as determined by analytical isoelectric focusing. The conservation of both leghemoglobin heterogeneity and also all four major leghemoglobin structures provides strong circumstantial evidence that leghemoglobin heterogeneity is functional. Glycine max and G. soja produced the same leghemoglobins in the presence of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner) Jordan and in the presence of fast-growing Rhizobium japonicum.

scholarly journals Especificidade hospedeira e pré-seleção de estirpes de Rhlzobium japonicum para as variedades Santa-Rosa, viçoja e IAC-2 de soja

Bragantia ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Sidney Lopes ◽  
Antônio Roberto Giardini ◽  
Romeu A. S. Kiihl ◽  
Toshio Igue
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Glycine Max L

Um experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em vasos de Leonard com solução nutritiva sem nitrogênio, em condições assépticas, com os objetivos de pré-selecionar treze estirpes de Rhizobium japonicum e verificar o grau e especificidade das variedades santa-rosa, viçoja e IAC-2 (Glycine max (L.) Merril.). Pela observação do nitrogênio total fixado aos 58 dias, verificou-se que as estirpes SMS-64 (= 513 Re, RS), SMS-65 (= 519 Re, RS), SMS-68 (= 532c, RS = PR-G3, IBPT, PR) SMS-309 e SMS-310, são igualmente eficientes nas três variedades. Houve correlação entre o peso seco das plantas e o nitrogênio fixado, porém a diferenciação das estirpes pelo peso seco das plantas perdeu em sensibilidade. A nodulação não foi critério satisfatório para separar estirpes eficientes. Para o conjunto de estirpes eficientes em pelo menos uma das variedades estudadas, verificou-se que viçoja apresentou menor especificidade, estabelecendo simbiose eficaz com nove das estirpes testadas.

scholarly journals Inbred maize response to cover crops and fertilizer-nitrogen

2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sotomayor-Ramírez ◽  
Randy Huckaba ◽  
Ricky Barnes ◽  
Ronald Dorcinvil ◽  
Jesús Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Maize Response

Maize (Zea mays L.) inbred seed production fields on the southern semiarid coast of Puerto Rico are usually fallow each year from May to September. Inbreds have lower seed yields than single-cross hybrids, yet producers tend to apply high fertilizer nitrogen (N) levels in efforts to increase yields. Inbred maize response to fertilizer-N was evaluated on the southern semiarid coast of Puerto Rico in a cover crop-maize cropping sequence in 2009, and in a fallow-maize sequence in 2010 in a Fluventic Haplustoll. In general, maize produced after a legume cover crop of velvetbean (Mucuna prurience) or cowpea (Vigna unguiculata 'Iron Clay') had better yields and agronomic traits than maize after the fallow treatment. In 2009, maximum seed yields of 2,726 kg/ha were obtained with fertilizer-N application in the range of 112 to 224 kg N/ha. In 2010, maximum seed yields of 1,447 kg/ha were obtained with fertilizer-N application in the range of 84 to 211 kg N/ha. Harvest index was 0.26 and 0.27 in 2009 and 2010 for all fertilizer-N treatments; higher than that for unfertilized maize. In general, agronomic traits were superior as a result of fertilizer-N application without consistent differences among fertilizer-N levels applied. The SPAD chlorophyll meter, leaf color index and leaf area index were suitable indicators of N status in the maize plants. Highest N use efficiencies were observed for the 112 kg N/ha and 84 kg N/ha fertilizer levels for 2009 and 2010, respectively, and decreased with increasing fertilizer-N applied. Fertilizer-N rates in soils, climatic systems, and maize inbreds similar to the ones tested should be between 84 and 112 kg N/ha. Greater amounts of fertilizer-N will result in decreased economic benefit and potential environmental contamination. 

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