INFLUENCE OF FALL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ON COLD TOLERANCE OF RYE AND WHEAT

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Survival Potential

Changes in number of coleoptile tillers, plant height, leaves per plant, degree of vernalization, cold tolerance (LT50) and several measurements made on the plant crown were determined for winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars grown under field conditions in the fall of 1972 and 1973 at Saskatoon. Measurements made on the crown included fresh weight, dry weight, water content, depth, root number, root length and number of tillers. Years, dates of seeding and time of sampling had a significant influence on most variables. Correlations based on developmental differences for the acclimation period were significant for all variables measured. Dry weight was most closely related to LT50, and regression analyses indicated that the remaining variables did not explain any additional variability in LT50. Cultivar differences were apparent for most variables studied; however, these differences often did not reflect differences in field survival potential.

DEHARDENING OF WINTER WHEAT AND RYE UNDER SPRING FIELD CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Changes in cold hardiness (LT50), fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content were measured on crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) taken from the field at weekly intervals in the spring of 1973 and 1974 at Saskatoon, Sask. In all trials, Frontier rye came out of the winter with superior cold hardiness and maintained a higher level of hardiness during most of the dehardening period. For cultivars of both species, rapid dehardening did not occur until the ground temperature at crown depth remained above 5 C for several days. Changes in crown moisture content tended to increase during dehardening. Over this same period crown dry weight increased for winter rye but did not show a consistent pattern of change for winter wheat. Two test sites were utilized in 1974. One site was protected by trees and the other was exposed. General patterns of dehardening were similar for these two sites, but cultivar winter field survival potentials were reflected only by LT50 ratings for the exposed test site. The influence of fall seeding date on spring dehardening was also investigated. Late-seeded wheat plots did not survive the winter in all trials. However, where there was winter survival, no differences in rate of dehardening due to seeding date were observed.

EVOLUTION OF POLYAMINES IN WINTER CEREAL AND FORAGE SPECIES UNDER FIELD COLD ACCLIMATION IN QUEBEC

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NADEAU ◽  
R. PAQUIN
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Cold tolerance (LT50) and level of polyamines were measured in crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter rye (Secale cereale L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown in two Quebec locations widely different in climates. Putrescine increased in winter cereals and timothy during cold hardening and showed a major peak at the end of winter at both locations (Saint-Hyacinthe and La Pocatière). There was a significant correlation between putrescine levels and cold tolerance during fall. However, in alfalfa, putrescine increased only at the end of winter and, like other species, decreased rapidly as plants underwent spring deacclimation. Levels of spermine and cadaverine remained low and showed little variation during winter. Spermidine levels were higher than spermine but remained stable during fall and winter. No significant correlation was observed between spermine, spermidine and cadaverine levels and cold hardiness.Key words: Polyamines, winter cereals, forage species, cold hardening

LATE-FALL APPLICATION OF POTASH TO WINTER RYE TO IMPROVE GROUND COVER EFFECTIVENESS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINNELL M. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
K Concentration

In view of the difficulty of establishing a winter cover crop after potato harvesting in the late fall in Prince Edward Island, a study was done to test the effect of three levels of banded K on the cool-season establishment and survival of two cultivars of winter rye (Secale cereale L.). There was no significant effect of K level on shoot or root dry weight in either late fall or early spring, or on shoot or root K content. There were significant cultivar differences in shoot and root dry wt in late fall and early spring, but no interaction between K level and rye cultivar. Key words: Cold stress, winter ground cover, critical K concentration

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON DEHARDENING AND REHARDENING OF WINTER CEREALS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. GUSTA ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Cold-hardened crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and a winter rye (Secale cereale L.) readily dehardened upon exposure to warm temperatures. Crowns dehardened at a faster rate at 20 C than at 10 and 15 C. Dehardened plants were capable of rehardening in a short period of time upon exposure to cold-acclimating conditions. In all the dehardening studies, there was a high positive correlation between cold survival and water content of the crowns. Plants collected in the fall and stored at −2.5 C maintained the same level of hardiness for 17 wk.

scholarly journals Interseeding Camelina and Rye in Soybean with Varying Maturity Provides Soil Cover without Affecting Soybean Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Kory L. Johnson ◽  
Hans J. Kandel ◽  
Dulan P. Samarappuli ◽  
Marisol T. Berti
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Northern Plains ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Low adoption to utilize cover crops interseeded into soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), in the northern Plains in the USA, is due to a short growing season and a few adapted winter-hardy species. The objective was to evaluate the impact of interseeded winter camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) using different soybean relative maturities on soybean yield, canopy coverage, spring cover crop biomass, and subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Cover crops interseeded into early-maturing (0.4–0.8) soybean cultivars had more fall coverage compared with the 0.9 maturity cultivar, but the spring biomass was similar for all maturities. The soybean yield of the 0.9 cultivar was significantly higher, 2365 kg ha−1 compared with 2037 kg ha−1 for the 0.4 cultivar. Rye outperformed winter camelina and had higher fall canopy cover (15 vs. 7%), spring canopy cover (16% vs. 4%), and higher spring biomass (313 vs. 100 kg ha−1 dry matter). Spring wheat, after rye, yielded 90% of the check. It is not recommended to plant spring wheat following winter rye, but there was no negative yield effect from winter camelina. Interseeding cover crops into soybean in the northern Plains is possible but needs further research to optimize interseeding systems.

DEHARDENING AND REHARDENING OF SPRING-COLLECTED WINTER WHEATS AND A WINTER RYE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. GUSTA ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) collected early in the spring readily dehardened upon exposure to 15 C. After 6 days at 15 C, the crowns of both species were completely dehardened. Partially dehardened crowns were unable to reharden upon exposure to cold-acclimating conditions and continued to lose hardiness when stored at − 2.5 C. There was a positive correlation between level of dehardening and crown moisture content. However, this relationship began to break down when attempts were made to reharden partially dehardened plants.

THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ON THE COLD ACCLIMATION OF WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. TYLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
High Level

Mineral nutrition influenced the rate of cold acclimation and the level of hardiness attained by winter wheat plants grown in modified Hoagland’s solution. Plants grown in modified Hoagland’s solution at (a) one-half strength (control), (b) low potassium and (c) low phosphorus acclimated the fastest and were the hardiest. Plants grown in high and very high levels of nitrogen and a high level of phosphorus were the least hardy. For the acclimation period, significant correlation coefficients existed between the LT50 and osmotic potential, crown moisture content and crown dry weight for all nutrient regimes. However, when differences due to nutrient regimes were considered, there were no significant correlations with LT50.

EFFECT OF HARVEST TIME AND DRYING METHOD ON QUALITY AND GRADE OF WINTER RYE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-424
Author(s):  
J. G. McLEOD ◽  
J. M. CLARKE
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Mass ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Forced Air

Three winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivars, Cougar, Puma and Musketeer, were grown in a field experiment for 2 yr to determine the effects of kernel water concentration (KWC) at harvest time and drying method on final quality and grade of the grain. Plots were harvested when KWC was in the range of 950–100 g water kg−1 kernel dry weight. Grain was dried in windrows in the field and artificially in a forced-air oven at 40–45 °C. Kernel water concentration at harvest, test mass, kernel mass, falling number and germination were determined. Test mass increased as KWC at harvest decreased, especially in the artificially dried treatments. Kernel mass was lower when harvested at high KWC, especially in the windrowed treatments. Falling numbers were affected by harvest time and drying method, but trends were not clear. Germination was reduced by artificial drying at KWC greater than 430 g kg−1. Grades were not affected by windrowing at KWC up to 957 g kg−1. Artificial drying reduced commercial grades, especially at high KWC. The main degrading factors were presence of immature kernels and low test mass.Key words: Test mass, artifical drying, windrow, germination, falling number, harvest time

scholarly journals Field Studies on the Effect of Rye Cover Crop on Soybean Root Disease and Productivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazieli Araldi Da Silva ◽  
Gang Han ◽  
Yuba Raj Kandel ◽  
Daren S. Mueller ◽  
Matthew Helmers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Root Diseases ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Cover crops improve soil and water quality in annual cropping systems, but knowledge of their impact on soybean (Glycine max L.) seedling and root diseases is limited. The effects of winter rye cover crops (Secale cereale L.) on soybean population, biomass, root morphology, seedling and root diseases, pathogen incidence, canopy reflectance, and yield were assessed over two years in Iowa and Missouri, USA. Plots without a rye cover crop were compared to plots with early-kill rye and late-kill rye cover crops, which were terminated 34 to 49 days or 5 to 17 days before soybean planting, respectively. Soybean shoot dry weight, root rot severity, and incidence of Fusarium spp. and Pythium spp. on roots were not influenced by the treatments. Soybean grain yield and plant population were reduced in the presence of rye in two site-years, increased in one site-year, and not changed in the remaining site-years. Soybean canopy reflectance was measured at 810 nm and measurements were first made at 70 to 80 days after planting (DAP). At least five measurements were obtained at 7- to 15- day intervals, ending at 120 to 125 DAP. Measurements at approximately 120 to 125 DAP differed by treatments but were not consistently associated with the presence or absence of a rye cover crop. Our field studies suggest that Iowa and Missouri soybean farmers can use winter rye as a cover crop in soybean fields with low seedling disease pressure without increasing the risk of seedling and root diseases or suppressing yield.

Downy brome (Bromus tectorum) control in winter wheat and winter rye

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Field studies were conducted over 4 yr to identify herbicides for selective control of downy brome in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter rye (Secale cereale L.). Cinmethylin, diclofop, and napropamide did not control downy brome in any year. BAY SMY 1500 applied pre-emergence or early postemergence at 1.5–2.0 kg ha−1 controlled downy brome and increased the yield of winter wheat. However, BAY SMY 1500 treatments often reduced the growth and yield of winter rye. Metribuzin applied early postemergence at 0.42 kg ha−1 effectively controlled downy brome and increased the yield of both winter wheat and winter rye. Metribuzin applied at 0.42–0.56 kg ha−1 pre-emergence on a coarse-textured soil with 2% organic matter injured winter wheat and reduced yield. Key words:Bromus tectorum L., cinmethylin, diclofop, BAY SMY 1500, metribuzin, napropamide

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