Downy brome (Bromus tectorum) control in winter wheat and winter rye

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Field studies were conducted over 4 yr to identify herbicides for selective control of downy brome in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter rye (Secale cereale L.). Cinmethylin, diclofop, and napropamide did not control downy brome in any year. BAY SMY 1500 applied pre-emergence or early postemergence at 1.5–2.0 kg ha−1 controlled downy brome and increased the yield of winter wheat. However, BAY SMY 1500 treatments often reduced the growth and yield of winter rye. Metribuzin applied early postemergence at 0.42 kg ha−1 effectively controlled downy brome and increased the yield of both winter wheat and winter rye. Metribuzin applied at 0.42–0.56 kg ha−1 pre-emergence on a coarse-textured soil with 2% organic matter injured winter wheat and reduced yield. Key words:Bromus tectorum L., cinmethylin, diclofop, BAY SMY 1500, metribuzin, napropamide

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON DEHARDENING AND REHARDENING OF WINTER CEREALS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. GUSTA ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Cold-hardened crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and a winter rye (Secale cereale L.) readily dehardened upon exposure to warm temperatures. Crowns dehardened at a faster rate at 20 C than at 10 and 15 C. Dehardened plants were capable of rehardening in a short period of time upon exposure to cold-acclimating conditions. In all the dehardening studies, there was a high positive correlation between cold survival and water content of the crowns. Plants collected in the fall and stored at −2.5 C maintained the same level of hardiness for 17 wk.

Fertilizer and Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Effect on Russian Wheat Aphid (Diuraphis noxis) in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 670-673
Author(s):  
James M. Krall ◽  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
Larry E. Bennett ◽  
David E. Legg
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Insecticide Efficacy

Downy brome serves as an alternative host for Russian wheat aphid (RWA) in winter wheat. In field studies, downy brome infestations of 5 and 39 plants per m2increased RWA-infested winter wheat tillers 1.4 to 2.8 times that seen in non-infested plots, respectively. RWA-infested winter wheat tillers were not reduced consistently by fertilization. Chlorpyrifos reduced the number of RWA-infested winter wheat tillers to 15 to 43% of untreated wheat. Insecticide efficacy was not influenced by downy brome infestation or by fertilizer either band- or broadcast-applied.

DEHARDENING AND REHARDENING OF SPRING-COLLECTED WINTER WHEATS AND A WINTER RYE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. GUSTA ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) collected early in the spring readily dehardened upon exposure to 15 C. After 6 days at 15 C, the crowns of both species were completely dehardened. Partially dehardened crowns were unable to reharden upon exposure to cold-acclimating conditions and continued to lose hardiness when stored at − 2.5 C. There was a positive correlation between level of dehardening and crown moisture content. However, this relationship began to break down when attempts were made to reharden partially dehardened plants.

scholarly journals Comparison of Herbicides for Control of Diclofop-Resistant Italian Ryegrass in Wheat

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taghi Bararpour ◽  
Ralph Hale ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Jason Bond ◽  
Nilda Burgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

Diclofop-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. ssp. Multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot) is a dominant weed problem in non-irrigated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in mid-south USA. Field studies were conducted from 2001 to 2007 to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides for diclofop-resistant ryegrass control and effect on wheat yield. In 2001 through 2004, chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron at 0.026 kg ha−1 preemergence (PRE) followed by (fb) mesosulfuron at 0.048 kg ha−1 at 4-leaf to 2-tiller ryegrass provided 89% control of diclofop-resistant Italian ryegrass, resulting in the highest wheat yield (3201 kg ha−1). Flufenacet/metribuzin at 0.476 kg ha−1 applied at 1- to 2-leaf wheat had equivalent Italian ryegrass control (87%), but lesser yield (3013 kg ha−1). In 2005–2006, best treatments for Italian ryegrass control were chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron, 0.013 kg ha−1 PRE fb mesosulfuron 0.015 kg ha−1 at 3- to 4-leaf ryegrass (92%); metribuzin, 0.280 kg ha−1 at 2- to 3- leaf wheat fb metribuzin at 2- to 3-tiller ryegrass (94%); chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron (0.026 kg ha−1) (89%); and flufenacet/metribuzin at 1- to 2-leaf wheat (89%). Chlorsulfuron/metsulfuron fb mesosulfuron provided higher yield (3515 kg ha−1) than all other treatments, except metribuzin fb metribuzin.

Influence of Soil Type and Depth of Planting on Downy Brome Seed

Weed Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Wicks ◽  
O. C. Burnside ◽  
C. R. Fenster
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Moldboard Plow

Downy brome (Bromus tectorumL.) seedling emergence was greatest from soil depths of 1 inch or less, but occasionally seedlings emerged from depths of 4 inches. Downy brome seed covered by soil germinated more rapidly than those seed on the soil surface. More downy brome seedlings emerged, and from greater depths, from coarse-textured soils than fine-textured soils when moisture was not limiting. Soil type did not influence longevity of downy brome seed buried in the soil. Most (98%) 8-month-old downy brome seed buried 8 inches in the soil germinated but did not emerge in 1 year; and none remained viable in the soil after 5 years. The moldboard plow was more effective in reducing downy brome populations than a sweep plow or one-way disk in a continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) cropping system.

Inactivation of Metribuzin in Winter Wheat by Activated Carbon

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Rydrych
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Chemical Injury ◽  
Loam Soil

Preemergence and postemergence application of metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)-one] at 0.6 and 1.1 kg ai/ha controlled downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. ♯ BROTE) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘McDermid’) but caused considerable injury without the use of activated carbon over the seeded row. Activated carbon applied in 5-cm bands over the seeded row at 84, 167, and 336 kg/ha protected winter wheat at Pendleton on a silt loam soil. On a sandy loam soil, only a 336 kg/ha rate provided protection from metribuzin. Metribuzin toxicity to winter wheat was more difficult to neutralize when applied preemergence. Downy brome control was not reduced by carbon applied over the wheat row. The best treatment in this study was carbon at 336 kg/ha applied preemergence over the row followed by metribuzin at 0.6 or 1.1 kg/ha postemergence. A 10-week delay between preemergence carbon banding and postemergence metribuzin protected winter wheat from chemical injury.

Differential Absorption and Translocation of Metribuzin by Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) and Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Devlin ◽  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Larry A. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Total Plant

Foliar and root absorption and translocation of metribuzin (4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one) by downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. # BROTE) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) was determined. After a 48-h absorption period, roots of three-week-old downy brome plants had absorbed two times more metribuzin on a total plant fresh weight basis than had roots of winter wheat. Root-absorbed metribuzin was translocated similarly regardless of species with 80% of absorbed14C accumulating in leaf blades, 10% in the leaf sheaths, and 10% in the roots. After 24 h, leaves of downy brome and winter wheat had absorbed, respectively, 26 and 36% of foliar-applied metribuzin, and absorption increased threefold with the addition of a nonionic surfactant. Translocation of foliar-absorbed metribuzin was primarily towards the apex of the treated leaf. No translocation from the treated leaf to other plant parts occurred with either species. The greater tolerance of winter wheat to metribuzin is due in part to less root absorption of metribuzin by winter wheat than by downy brome.

DEHARDENING OF WINTER WHEAT AND RYE UNDER SPRING FIELD CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Changes in cold hardiness (LT50), fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content were measured on crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) taken from the field at weekly intervals in the spring of 1973 and 1974 at Saskatoon, Sask. In all trials, Frontier rye came out of the winter with superior cold hardiness and maintained a higher level of hardiness during most of the dehardening period. For cultivars of both species, rapid dehardening did not occur until the ground temperature at crown depth remained above 5 C for several days. Changes in crown moisture content tended to increase during dehardening. Over this same period crown dry weight increased for winter rye but did not show a consistent pattern of change for winter wheat. Two test sites were utilized in 1974. One site was protected by trees and the other was exposed. General patterns of dehardening were similar for these two sites, but cultivar winter field survival potentials were reflected only by LT50 ratings for the exposed test site. The influence of fall seeding date on spring dehardening was also investigated. Late-seeded wheat plots did not survive the winter in all trials. However, where there was winter survival, no differences in rate of dehardening due to seeding date were observed.

Differential Metabolism of Metribuzin by Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) and Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Devlin ◽  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Larry A. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Root Absorption

At both 15 and 25 C, following a 24-h root absorption period, absorbed14C-metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] was metabolized approximately 30% more rapidly to water-soluble and terminal fiber metabolites by winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) than by downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. # BROTE). Both species metabolized a greater proportion of metribuzin in leaf sheaths and roots than in the leaf blades. This was attributed to the increased incorporation of metribuzin into fiber. After an initial leaf extraction, metribuzin and the metabolites deaminated metribuzin (DA), deaminated diketo metribuzin (DADK), and diketo metribuzin (DK) partitioned into a chloroform fraction and five unidentified water-soluble metabolites into an aqueous fraction. At both 15 and 25 C, downy brome absorbed approximately three times more metribuzin per fresh weight than did winter wheat. The mechanism of differential tolerance of downy brome and winter wheat to metribuzin was attributed to the ability of winter wheat to metabolize metribuzin more rapidly and absorb less metribuzin than downy brome.

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