INFLUENCE OF ROW WIDTH AND MANEB FUNGICIDE TREATMENT ON DISEASE DEVELOPMENT AND GRAIN YIELDS OF CEREALS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Seed Yields

Growing cereals in rows spaced 35.6 and 53.3 cm apart resulted in significantly reduced seed yields of approximately 30% and no improvement in lodging resistance compared with rows spaced 17.8 cm apart. However, the application of maneb fungicide to the foliage on a regular basis significantly increased seed yields of oats (Avena sativa L.) and considerably increased those of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), when compared with unsprayed plants at the same row width. Spraying with maneb increased seed yields of the three cereals by 18, 40, and 30% at row spacings of 17.8, 35.6, and 53.3 cm, respectively, but maximum yields were obtained at the 17.8-cm row spacing. The maneb fungicide controlled most diseases, eliminated lodging, and greatly improved straw and seed quality.

scholarly journals SELEÇÃO DE PLANTAS QUANTIFICADORAS DE HERBICIDAS RESIDUAIS

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERSON LUIZ NUNES ◽  
RIBAS ANTONIO VIDAL
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L

A determinação da concentração de compostos no solo por meio de plantas quantificadoras apresenta como principal vantagem detectar somente resíduos biologicamente ativos, não havendo necessidade de instrumentos onerosos e de prévia extração dos resíduos do solo. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar plantas quantificadoras da presença de herbicidas residuais (pré emergentes) para o uso em bioensaios. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental completamente casualizado com arranjo bifatorial 8 x 6, com cinco repetições. O fator A consistiu de espécies cultiváveis e o fator B de herbicidas aplicados em pré emergência. Os resultados evidenciaram que a sensibilidade na detecção do herbicida no solo depende da espécie utilizada. A sensibilidade das espécies Lactuca sativa L. e Raphanus sativus var. sativus L. não permitiu condições de quantificar a presença dos herbicidas atrazina, cloransulam, imazaquin, metribuzin e S-metolacloro. Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzger é potencial quantificador de imazaquin e S metolacloro. Plantas de Curcubita pepo L. são promissoras na bioavaliação de metribuzin. A espécie Cucumis sativus L. mostrou-se potencial bioindicadora de cloransulan e imazaquin. Avena sativa L. apresentou-se como potencial quantificadora de imazaquin e metribuzin. Hordeum vulgare L. pode quantificar o metribuzin e Triticum aestivum L. é promissor na detecção da biodisponibilidade de atrazina.

scholarly journals Degradabilidad y estimación del consumo de forrajes y concentrados en alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Alfonso Cordero F. ◽  
José Contreras P. ◽  
James Curasma C. ◽  
Miguel Tunque Q. ◽  
Daniel Enríquez Q.
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vicugna Pacos

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los parámetros cinéticos de la degradación in situ de la materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC) y la estimación del consumo mediante ecuaciones de predicción de MS de forrajes y alimentos concentrados en alpacas Huacaya (Vicugna pacos). Se trabajó con ensilado de maíz chala (Zea mays L) sin y con 1% de urea, cebada (Hordeum vulgare L), avena (Avena sativa L), salvado de trigo (Triticum aestivum L) y raspa de papa (Solanum tuberosum). Los alimentos (5 g en base seca) fueron colocados en sacos de nylon e incubados en el primer compartimento estomacal de dos alpacas fistuladas durante 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 y 76 horas. Se analizó la MS y la PC de los residuos de los sacos. La MS y la PC del salvado de trigo y de la raspa de papa presentaron potenciales de degradación elevados, así como la MS y la PC de la avena. Se destaca la mayor fracción no degradable de la PC del maíz chala sin y con urea y, por tanto, una menor degradabilidad de la PC. Las estimaciones del consumo por las alpacas generadas por las ecuaciones de tres estudios no son adecuadas a los alimentos en estudio.

Mycotoxins in barley and oat samples from eastern Canada

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Campbell ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
B. Vigier ◽  
L. Underhill
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Canadian Food Inspection Agency

In Eastern Canada Fusarium species infect barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) more frequently than wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), yet information on mycotoxin contamination in barley and oats is lacking. Such information is essential to determine the need for control of fusarium head blight in barley and oats. Therefore, data were retrieved from the Mycotoxin Databank of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to study mycotoxin contamination in Eastern Canada's barley and oats. Of the 116 barley samples collected from 1991 to 1998 crops, 84 (72%) were contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON). Some samples contained up to 8–9 mg kg−1 of DON. DON contamination was particularly severe in recent years (1996, 1997, and 1998). DON contamination was less frequent and less severe in oats in comparison with barley. Only 34 of the 73 oat samples (47%) contained DON. Thirty-four percent of the barley samples (18/53) and 15% of the oat samples (4/26) contained nivalenol. Zearalenone, ochratoxin A, 3-acetyl DON, 15- acetyl DON, and T-2 were also detected at a low frequency; but HT-2, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), fusarenon X, 15-acetoxyscirpenol, and neosolaniol were not detected in these samples. The results suggest that breeding barley for resistance to DON accumulation is warranted in Eastern Canada. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, oat, Avena sativa, mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol

Effects of row spacing, seeding rate and nitrogen on yield of barley and wheat under zero-till management

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Conditions

Adopting water-conserving tillage practices on the Canadian prairies will protect the soil against erosion while conserving soil water. The use of tall-standing stubble to conserve water creates a dilemma for producers because maximum yields can only be obtained with narrow rows, and tall stubble may limit the use of narrow row spacings. A 4-yr study on a thin Black clay soil investigated the effects of three row spacings (10, 20 and 30 cm), six seeding rates (34, 67, 100, 134, 168 and 202 kg ha−1 for wheat and 27, 54, 81, 108, 134 and 161 kg ha−1 for barley) and two rates of N (low and high) in hard red wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum (Triticum durum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using a continuous cropping, zero-till production system. The yields of cereals were maintained with 30-cm row spacing over a wide range of growing conditions under zero-till management. Durum had a 5.8% yield advantage and barley a 2.4% advantage for the 30-cm row spacing over the 10-cm row spacing. The number of plants established and the number of spikes produced decreased as row spacing increased for all crops. But wider row spacing resulted in more kernels produced per spike, which, in the case of barley and durum, more than compensated for the lower number of spikes. Increasing seeding rates significantly improved grain yield in all crops and years because more spikes were produced. Grain yield was related to the reciprocal of seeding rate. The few row spacing × seeding rate interactions observed in 2 of 12 cases suggest that seeding rates need not be adjusted for changes in row spacing. The results obtained have important implications for equipment design and the ability to more easily handle high-crop-residue situations. Key words: Yield components, seeding rate, row spacing, yield compensation

EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC SEED TREATMENT ON YIELDS OF BARLEY, WHEAT, AND OATS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. J. PITTMAN
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Magnetic Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Southern Alberta

Preseeding magnetic treatment of barley seed (Hordeum vulgare L.) resulted in seed yield increases in 13 of 19 field tests in southern Alberta from 1972 and 1975. Similarly, treatment of spring and winter wheat seed (Triticum aestivum L.) resulted in yield increases in 14 of 23 tests. Otas (Avena sativa L.) showed no yield response to magnetic treatment of the seed. Within specified limits, date of treatment before seeding, strength of magnetic field, make or model of the magnetic treater used appeared to have no appreciable effect on the response elicited by the seed and the resultant plant.

ANNUAL WEED CONTROL WITH PARAQUAT IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER HERBICIDES

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O’DONOVAN ◽  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Key Words Wheat

Paraquat at 0.28 kg/ha effectively controlled barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Galt’), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Neepawa’) and oat (Avena sativa L. ’Random’) in field trials conducted during 1982 and 1983. Grass control was excellent with paraquat and its activity was unaffected when it was applied in combination with either clopyralid, picloram, metribuzin, linuron, or chlorsulfuron. Slight reductions in paraquat phytotoxicity occurred in some instances when paraquat was applied in combination with commercially formulated mixtured of clopyralid plus 2,4-D, clopyralid plus MCPA or picloram plus 2,4-D, but grass control was still acceptable (90% or greater). However, a commercially formulated mixture of cyanazine plus MCPA consistently reduced the phytotoxicity of paraquat and rendered grass control unacceptable. Control of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. ’Candle’) with paraquat and most paraquat mixtures was excellent in 1982 but was poor and variable in 1983.Key words: Wheat, barley, oat, rapeseed, zero tillage, chemical summerfallow

ELIMINATION OF MICROFLORA FROM BARLEY KERNELS WITH ETHYLENE OXIDE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. BUSHNELL
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Propylene Oxide ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Microbial Contaminants

Microbial contaminants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels were killed by a mixture of 12% ethylene oxide and 88% dichlorodifluoromethane applied at room temperature in a canister for 3 h at a pressure of 3.0–3.3 atm. The treatment was effective with kernels that contained 10.9–12.6% moisture. After exposure of such kernels to gas, 94–100% were contaminant-free; 59–99% germinated. Results were less satisfactory with: (a) ethylene oxide applied to barley kernels with moisture content less than 10%; (b) ethylene oxide applied to kernels of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or oats (Avena sativa L.) with 3.0–12.6% moisture; or (c) propylene oxide applied to barley kernels at 5.3–13.2% moisture. With proper control of moisture content, the ethylene oxide method is recommended for those lots of barley kernels that are difficult to free of microbial contaminants by other methods.

scholarly journals TOLERÂNCIA DE ESPÉCIES DE INVERNO A HERBICIDAS RESIDUAIS

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Luis NUNES ◽  
Ribas Antônio VIDAL ◽  
Ives Clayton Gomes dos Reis GOULART ◽  
Augusto KALSING
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Algumas culturas, como as espécies cultivadas no inverno, possuem poucas opções de herbicidas seletivos registrados. Devido a falta de informações, alguns agricultores usam produtos de forma inadequada, podendo ocasionar conseqüências indesejáveis. O presente trabalho avaliou a tolerância de espécies de inverno a herbicidas residuais. Para tanto, foi conduzido um experimento entre junho e agosto de 2005, em casa de vegetação da Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), localizada no município de Porto Alegre. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, arranjo bifatorial 4 x 6, com cinco repetições. O fator A consistiu das espécies cultiváveis: Avena sativa L. (aveia branca), Hordeum vulgare L. (cevada), Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzger. (nabo forrageiro) e Triticum aestivum L. (trigo) e o fator B consistiu dos herbicidas de aplicação em pré-emergência: atrazine (3,0 kg ha-1), cloransulam (0,04 kg ha-1), imazaquin (0,14 kg ha-1), metribuzin (0,144 kg ha-1), S-metolachlor (1,92 kg ha-1) e testemunha sem aplicação de herbicida. As culturas do nabo forrageiro e do trigo não apresentaram tolerância aos produtos utilizados. Plantas de aveia branca foram tolerantes ao cloransulam e a cevada apresentou tolerância aos herbicidas atrazine e cloransulam.

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