Mycotoxins in barley and oat samples from eastern Canada

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Campbell ◽  
T. M. Choo ◽  
B. Vigier ◽  
L. Underhill
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
Canadian Food Inspection Agency

In Eastern Canada Fusarium species infect barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.) more frequently than wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), yet information on mycotoxin contamination in barley and oats is lacking. Such information is essential to determine the need for control of fusarium head blight in barley and oats. Therefore, data were retrieved from the Mycotoxin Databank of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to study mycotoxin contamination in Eastern Canada's barley and oats. Of the 116 barley samples collected from 1991 to 1998 crops, 84 (72%) were contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON). Some samples contained up to 8–9 mg kg−1 of DON. DON contamination was particularly severe in recent years (1996, 1997, and 1998). DON contamination was less frequent and less severe in oats in comparison with barley. Only 34 of the 73 oat samples (47%) contained DON. Thirty-four percent of the barley samples (18/53) and 15% of the oat samples (4/26) contained nivalenol. Zearalenone, ochratoxin A, 3-acetyl DON, 15- acetyl DON, and T-2 were also detected at a low frequency; but HT-2, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), fusarenon X, 15-acetoxyscirpenol, and neosolaniol were not detected in these samples. The results suggest that breeding barley for resistance to DON accumulation is warranted in Eastern Canada. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, oat, Avena sativa, mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol

scholarly journals SELEÇÃO DE PLANTAS QUANTIFICADORAS DE HERBICIDAS RESIDUAIS

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDERSON LUIZ NUNES ◽  
RIBAS ANTONIO VIDAL
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L

A determinação da concentração de compostos no solo por meio de plantas quantificadoras apresenta como principal vantagem detectar somente resíduos biologicamente ativos, não havendo necessidade de instrumentos onerosos e de prévia extração dos resíduos do solo. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar plantas quantificadoras da presença de herbicidas residuais (pré emergentes) para o uso em bioensaios. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental completamente casualizado com arranjo bifatorial 8 x 6, com cinco repetições. O fator A consistiu de espécies cultiváveis e o fator B de herbicidas aplicados em pré emergência. Os resultados evidenciaram que a sensibilidade na detecção do herbicida no solo depende da espécie utilizada. A sensibilidade das espécies Lactuca sativa L. e Raphanus sativus var. sativus L. não permitiu condições de quantificar a presença dos herbicidas atrazina, cloransulam, imazaquin, metribuzin e S-metolacloro. Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzger é potencial quantificador de imazaquin e S metolacloro. Plantas de Curcubita pepo L. são promissoras na bioavaliação de metribuzin. A espécie Cucumis sativus L. mostrou-se potencial bioindicadora de cloransulan e imazaquin. Avena sativa L. apresentou-se como potencial quantificadora de imazaquin e metribuzin. Hordeum vulgare L. pode quantificar o metribuzin e Triticum aestivum L. é promissor na detecção da biodisponibilidade de atrazina.

scholarly journals Degradabilidad y estimación del consumo de forrajes y concentrados en alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Alfonso Cordero F. ◽  
José Contreras P. ◽  
James Curasma C. ◽  
Miguel Tunque Q. ◽  
Daniel Enríquez Q.
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vicugna Pacos

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los parámetros cinéticos de la degradación in situ de la materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC) y la estimación del consumo mediante ecuaciones de predicción de MS de forrajes y alimentos concentrados en alpacas Huacaya (Vicugna pacos). Se trabajó con ensilado de maíz chala (Zea mays L) sin y con 1% de urea, cebada (Hordeum vulgare L), avena (Avena sativa L), salvado de trigo (Triticum aestivum L) y raspa de papa (Solanum tuberosum). Los alimentos (5 g en base seca) fueron colocados en sacos de nylon e incubados en el primer compartimento estomacal de dos alpacas fistuladas durante 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 y 76 horas. Se analizó la MS y la PC de los residuos de los sacos. La MS y la PC del salvado de trigo y de la raspa de papa presentaron potenciales de degradación elevados, así como la MS y la PC de la avena. Se destaca la mayor fracción no degradable de la PC del maíz chala sin y con urea y, por tanto, una menor degradabilidad de la PC. Las estimaciones del consumo por las alpacas generadas por las ecuaciones de tres estudios no son adecuadas a los alimentos en estudio.

AAC Bell barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Raja Khanal ◽  
Thin Meiw Choo ◽  
Sharon Ter Beek ◽  
Doug MacDonald ◽  
Peter Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Inspection Agency ◽  
Canadian Food Inspection Agency

AAC Bell is a two-row spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar with high yield, heavy kernel weight, and good lodging resistance. It was tested as CH2714-4 in the Atlantic Recommending Committee for Cereal Crops (2015–2017), Quebec Recommending Committee for Cereal (2015–2017), and Ontario Cereal Crops Committee (2016–2017) trials before being registered by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency in 2018. AAC Bell was developed by the Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON. AAC Bell is recommended for barley growing areas in eastern Canada.

Island barley

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Choo ◽  
R. A. Martin ◽  
S. M. ter Beek ◽  
K. M. Ho ◽  
C. D. Caldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderate Resistance

Island is a two-row, spring feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the Eastern Canada Barley Breeding Group, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It has high yield, high test weight, high seed weight, excellent resistance to powdery mildew and moderate resistance to fusarium head blight. Island performs well in the Maritimes, Quebec, and Ontario. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar description, high seed weight, powdery mildew, fusarium head blight

ANNUAL WEED CONTROL WITH PARAQUAT IN COMBINATION WITH OTHER HERBICIDES

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O’DONOVAN ◽  
P. A. O’SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Key Words Wheat

Paraquat at 0.28 kg/ha effectively controlled barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Galt’), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Neepawa’) and oat (Avena sativa L. ’Random’) in field trials conducted during 1982 and 1983. Grass control was excellent with paraquat and its activity was unaffected when it was applied in combination with either clopyralid, picloram, metribuzin, linuron, or chlorsulfuron. Slight reductions in paraquat phytotoxicity occurred in some instances when paraquat was applied in combination with commercially formulated mixtured of clopyralid plus 2,4-D, clopyralid plus MCPA or picloram plus 2,4-D, but grass control was still acceptable (90% or greater). However, a commercially formulated mixture of cyanazine plus MCPA consistently reduced the phytotoxicity of paraquat and rendered grass control unacceptable. Control of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. ’Candle’) with paraquat and most paraquat mixtures was excellent in 1982 but was poor and variable in 1983.Key words: Wheat, barley, oat, rapeseed, zero tillage, chemical summerfallow

ELIMINATION OF MICROFLORA FROM BARLEY KERNELS WITH ETHYLENE OXIDE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. BUSHNELL
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Propylene Oxide ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Microbial Contaminants

Microbial contaminants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels were killed by a mixture of 12% ethylene oxide and 88% dichlorodifluoromethane applied at room temperature in a canister for 3 h at a pressure of 3.0–3.3 atm. The treatment was effective with kernels that contained 10.9–12.6% moisture. After exposure of such kernels to gas, 94–100% were contaminant-free; 59–99% germinated. Results were less satisfactory with: (a) ethylene oxide applied to barley kernels with moisture content less than 10%; (b) ethylene oxide applied to kernels of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or oats (Avena sativa L.) with 3.0–12.6% moisture; or (c) propylene oxide applied to barley kernels at 5.3–13.2% moisture. With proper control of moisture content, the ethylene oxide method is recommended for those lots of barley kernels that are difficult to free of microbial contaminants by other methods.

scholarly journals TOLERÂNCIA DE ESPÉCIES DE INVERNO A HERBICIDAS RESIDUAIS

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Luis NUNES ◽  
Ribas Antônio VIDAL ◽  
Ives Clayton Gomes dos Reis GOULART ◽  
Augusto KALSING
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Algumas culturas, como as espécies cultivadas no inverno, possuem poucas opções de herbicidas seletivos registrados. Devido a falta de informações, alguns agricultores usam produtos de forma inadequada, podendo ocasionar conseqüências indesejáveis. O presente trabalho avaliou a tolerância de espécies de inverno a herbicidas residuais. Para tanto, foi conduzido um experimento entre junho e agosto de 2005, em casa de vegetação da Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), localizada no município de Porto Alegre. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, arranjo bifatorial 4 x 6, com cinco repetições. O fator A consistiu das espécies cultiváveis: Avena sativa L. (aveia branca), Hordeum vulgare L. (cevada), Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzger. (nabo forrageiro) e Triticum aestivum L. (trigo) e o fator B consistiu dos herbicidas de aplicação em pré-emergência: atrazine (3,0 kg ha-1), cloransulam (0,04 kg ha-1), imazaquin (0,14 kg ha-1), metribuzin (0,144 kg ha-1), S-metolachlor (1,92 kg ha-1) e testemunha sem aplicação de herbicida. As culturas do nabo forrageiro e do trigo não apresentaram tolerância aos produtos utilizados. Plantas de aveia branca foram tolerantes ao cloransulam e a cevada apresentou tolerância aos herbicidas atrazine e cloransulam.

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