GENETIC AND REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF A CHEMICALLY-INDUCED SEMIDWARF MUTANT IN TRITICALE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
D. F. SALMON ◽  
E. N. LARTER ◽  
J. P. GUSTAFSON
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

The difference in height between a chemically-induced (EMS) semidwarf mutant of hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) and its tall parent (6TA204) was found to be controlled by a single recessive gene. The pedigree of the 6TA204 parent involved the combination of two hexaploid triticales, one octoploid triticale, and one dwarf hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). The dwarfness of the hexaploid wheat (P41603E), itself known to be conditioned by one or more recessive genes, was masked in the 6TA204 parent. In the derivation of the semidwarf 6TA204, it is postulated that either (1) a dominant gene for tallness was mutated to the recessive state, or (2) that a suppressor gene closely linked with a recessive gene for semidwarfism was impaired by EMS treatment, thereby allowing the expression of the semidwarf condition. Spike length of the semidwarf remained comparable to that of the tall parent; however, its cytological stability and fertility were significantly lower.

The inheritance of resistance to stem rust in 'K253', a hexaploid wheat with resistance from the tetraploid 'C.I. 7778'

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-856
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Moderate Resistance

The inheritance of stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. and Henn.) resistance was studied in 'K253', a hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with resistance derived from a tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum L.). The studies indicated that 'K253' carries one dominant gene for good resistance to races 29 and 56 (probably Sr9e) and one recessive gene for moderate resistance to race 15B-1. In addition, some plants apparently carry a recessive gene for moderate resistance to race 56. Four different types of hexaploid near-isogenic lines were produced. One carried Sr9e and another the gene for moderate resistance to race 15B-1. Two carried genes that had not been identified in the genetic studies, including one that was apparently not derived from K253.Key words: stem rust resistance, Puccinia graminis tritici, wheat, Triticum aestivum, Triticum turgidum.

COLD HARDINESS IN HEXAPLOID TRITICALE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. LIMIN ◽  
J. DVORAK ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

The excellent cold hardiness of rye (Secale cereale L.) makes it a potential source of genetic variability for the improvement of this character in related species. However, when rye is combined with common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to produce octaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack, ABDR genomes), the superior rye cold hardiness is not expressed. To determine if the D genome of hexaploid wheat might be responsible for this lack of expression, hexaploid triticales (ABR genomes) were produced and evaluated for cold hardiness. All hexaploid triticales had cold hardiness levels similar to their tetraploid wheat parents. Small gains in cold hardiness of less than 2 °C were found when very non-hardy wheats were used as parents. This similarity in expression of cold hardiness in both octaploid and hexaploid triticales indicates that the D genome of wheat is not solely, if at all, responsible for the suppression of rye cold hardiness genes. There appears to be either a suppressor(s) of the rye cold hardiness genes on the AB genomes of wheat, or the expression of diploid rye genes is reduced to a uniform level by polyploidy in triticale. The suppression, or lack of expression, of rye cold hardiness genes in a wheat background make it imperative that cold-hardy wheats be selected as parents for the production of hardy triticales.Key words: Triticale, Secale, winter wheat, cold hardiness, gene expression

scholarly journals Recessive Genes for Resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei in Barley

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianming Chen ◽  
Roland F. Line
Keyword(s):  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Gene Interactions ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Barley genotypes Abyssinian 14, BBA 2890, Grannelose Zweizeilige, PI 548708, PI 548734, PI 548747, and Stauffers Obersulzer are resistant to all races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei identified thus far in North America. Astrix, BBA 809, Bigo, Cambrinus, Emir, Heils Franken, Hiproly, I5, Mazurka, Trumpf, and Varunda have specific resistance to certain races, whereas Topper and Steptoe are susceptible to all races. Seedlings of parents and F1, F2, and F3 progeny from crosses of resistant genotypes with Topper and Steptoe were tested for resistance to North American P. striiformis f. sp. hordei races PSH-1, PSH-4, PSH-10, PSH-13, and PSH-20. When tested with PSH-1, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 809, BBA 2890, Bigo, Hiproly, and Grannelose Zweizeilige; two recessive genes were detected in Emir, I5, PI 548708, PI 548734, PI 548747, Varunda, and Astrix; and one dominant gene and one recessive gene were detected in Abyssinian 14 and Stauffers Obersulzer. In tests with PSH-4, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 809, two recessive genes were detected in Trumpf, and two partially recessive genes were detected in Astrix. In tests with PSH-13, one recessive gene was detected in BBA 2890, Grannelose Zweizeilige, I5, and PI 548708 and two recessive genes were detected in Abyssinian 14, Hiproly, PI 548734, and PI 548747. In tests with PSH-20, one recessive gene was detected in Bigo and a recessive gene and a dominant gene were detected in Heils Franken. A gene in Cambrinus for resistance to PSH-10 and a gene in Mazurka for resistance to PSH-20 were dominant on the basis of the response of the first seedling leaf but recessive on the basis of the response of the second leaf. Four different types of epistasis were detected. Information on the number of genes, mode of inheritance, and nonallelic gene interactions should be useful in understanding the host-pathogen interaction and in breeding barley for resistance to stripe rust.

REACTION OF WHEAT TO COMMON ROOT ROT: LINKAGE OF A MAJOR GENE, Crr, WITH THE CENTROMERE OF CHROMOSOME 5B

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby I. Larson ◽  
T. G. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Telocentric Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Moderate Resistance

'Cadet' (C), a cultivar of Triticum aestivum L., carries the major recessive gene, Crr, for moderate resistance to common root incited by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dastur, on the long arm of chromosome 5B. The highly susceptible cultivar, 'Rescue' (R), has the dominant, epistatic allele, crr. The crossover distance from the centromere to this gene was estimated in the genetic background of both Cadet and Rescue. The ditelosomic for the long arm of each of the lines Ct"5BL (Crr) and Rt"5BL (crr) was crossed by the corresponding reciprocal chromosome 5B substitutions, C-R5B (crr) and R-C5B (Crr). The F1's, heterozygous for both the telocentric and the alleles, were then backcrossed by the appropriate recessive lines, Cadet and R-C5B. Each backcross plant was tested for its reaction to root rot and examined cytologically for the presence of a telocentric chromosome. The recombination frequency of the centromere, marked by the presence or absence of the telocentric, with alleles at the Crr locus was 42.9 ± 3.4% in the Cadet background. In the Rescue background, the recombination frequency was 36.1 ± 3.3%. The difference is attributed to a generally lower chiasma frequency in Rescue than in Cadet.

DETERMINATION OF THE NUMBER AND DOMINANCE RELATIONSHIPS OF GENES ON SUBSTITUTED CHROMOSOMES IN COMMON WHEAT, TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kuspira ◽  
John Unrau
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Purple Culm ◽  
Chromosome Iii

A study of awning, culm colour and reaction to pseudo-black chaff in crosses of seven different substitution lines with Chinese Spring wheat was made to illustrate a method that permits the determination of the number and dominance relationships of genes on a substituted chromosome governing a particular character. F2 and F3 results in each of the seven crosses showed that each of the substituted chromosomes carries one gene affecting the character under investigation. On the basis of F1 results, genes for apical awning on chromosome III of Thatcher and Timstein and IV, XII and XXI of Thatcher were found to be recessive; Hope possesses a dominant gene for purple culm colour on chromosome VII and a recessive gene for susceptibility to pseudo-black chaff on chromosome III. Chinese contains alternative alleles for all these genes. A study such as outlined in this report must supplement the study of substitution lines to provide a complete genetic analysis of the character under investigation. The reasons for a supplementary study as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the substitution method in comparison with other methods of analysis are discussed.

Genetic studies on net blotch resistance in a barley cross

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Ho ◽  
T.M. Choo ◽  
A. Tekauz ◽  
R.A. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Selection For

An investigation was initiated to study the genetics of resistance to three isolates of Pyrenophora teres (WRS102, WRS858, and WRS857), which have been routinely used for screening for net blotch resistance in Canada. The F1, F2, and doubled-haploid lines were derived from a Leger/CI9831 cross of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). These materials, along with their parents, were inoculated with each of the three isolates at the three-leaf stage in growth chambers. Results showed that resistance to WRS102 was controlled by three recessive genes, resistance to WRS858 by one recessive gene, and resistance to WRS857 by either one dominant gene or two complementary genes. One of the WRS102-resistance genes appeared to be on chromosome 2 and another linked to the WRS858-resistance gene. Resistance to these three isolates was not associated with awn type, esterase 1, and esterase 5. Selection for resistance to WRS102 and WRS858 would be more effective than selection for resistance to WRS857 in a conventional breeding program. Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare, net blotch, Pyrenophora teres, haploids

The inheritance of adult plant resistance to stem rust derived from wheat cultivars Bonza and Chris

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Recessive Genes

The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Bonza and Chris have adult plant resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) in addition to genes for specific resistance. Both cultivars were crossed to a susceptible wheat, LMPG. Lines carrying the adult plant resistances of the two parents were produced by selecting for seedling susceptibility in the greenhouse and adult plant resistance in the field to race 15B-1 (TMH). Three homozygous lines derived from Bonza and two from Chris were crossed and backcrossed to LMPG. Backcross F2 families were grown in a field nursery inoculated with a multi-race mixture of eight stem rust isolates including 15B-1. Stem rust severities in percent were recorded. An analysis of the data indicated that adult plant resistance of Bonza was controlled by a single recessive gene and that of Chris by two complementary recessive genes. Since the resistance was effective against a complex mixture of virulent stem rust races, it should be of interest to wheat breeders. Key words: Stem rust, Puccinia graminis, common wheat, Triticum aestivum, adult plant resistance

The mode of inheritance of a type of dwarfism in common wheat

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 932-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Puccinia Graminis Tritici ◽  
Dark Green

A type of dwarfism found in crosses involving the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Webster and a stem rust (Puccinia graminis tritici Erik. &Henn.) susceptible line, LMPG, proved to be due to a dominant gene from cv. Webster and a recessive gene from LMPG. The dominant gene is closely linked to the gene Sr30, which conditions stem rust resistance in cv. Webster and is on chromosome 5D. The dwarf plants have short, dark green, stiff leaves and rarely develop more than two leaves before dying.Key words: dwarfism, Triticum aestivum, Puccinia graminis tritici, stem rust.

WATER IMBIBITION RATE OF WHEAT KERNELS AS AFFECTED BY KERNEL COLOR, WEATHER DAMAGE, AND METHOD OF THRESHING

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. CLARKE ◽  
R. M. DePAUW
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
X Triticosecale ◽  
Kernel Color ◽  
Water Imbibition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weather Damage ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
Wheat Kernels ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

The rate of water imbibition by wheat kernels may be related to preharvest sprouting damage and tempering times during milling. The effects of kernel color and exposure to weather damage on water imbibition rate of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernels, and the effects of field vs. oven drying and hand vs. mechanial threshing on water uptake rate of HY320 wheat and Welsh triticale (X-Triticosecale Wittmack) were investigated. Rates of imbibition were determined by sequential weighings over a 32-h period of 50-kernel samples imbibing water from agar media. In HY320 wheat, the rate was faster for mechanically threshed (0.0117 g g−1 h−1) than for hand-threshed (0.0115 g g−1 h−1) samples. Threshing method did not affect imbibition rate of Welsh triticale kernels (average 0.0141 g g−1 h−1). Rate of germination was significantly greater for mechanically threshed than for hand-threshed Welsh, but there was no significant difference for HY320. Method of drying did not affect kernel water imbibition rate. Rate of imbibition was faster in nonweathered than in weathered wheat (0.0136 vs. 0.0130 g g−1 h−1). In five wheat crosses involving white and red kernel color, rate of water imbibition was not associated with the allele for kernel color. Rate was negatively correlated with kernel weight (r = 0.49**, n = 49) and kernel hardness (r = −0.29*) in the five crosses, and positively correlated with protein content (r = 0.44**). Other undetermined factors accounted for the major part of the genotypic differences in rate of imbibition.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., X-Triticosecale Wittmack, windrowing, kernel water imbibition rate, germination rate

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