DETERMINATION OF THE NUMBER AND DOMINANCE RELATIONSHIPS OF GENES ON SUBSTITUTED CHROMOSOMES IN COMMON WHEAT, TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kuspira ◽  
John Unrau
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Purple Culm ◽  
Chromosome Iii

A study of awning, culm colour and reaction to pseudo-black chaff in crosses of seven different substitution lines with Chinese Spring wheat was made to illustrate a method that permits the determination of the number and dominance relationships of genes on a substituted chromosome governing a particular character. F2 and F3 results in each of the seven crosses showed that each of the substituted chromosomes carries one gene affecting the character under investigation. On the basis of F1 results, genes for apical awning on chromosome III of Thatcher and Timstein and IV, XII and XXI of Thatcher were found to be recessive; Hope possesses a dominant gene for purple culm colour on chromosome VII and a recessive gene for susceptibility to pseudo-black chaff on chromosome III. Chinese contains alternative alleles for all these genes. A study such as outlined in this report must supplement the study of substitution lines to provide a complete genetic analysis of the character under investigation. The reasons for a supplementary study as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the substitution method in comparison with other methods of analysis are discussed.

scholarly journals Chromosome Location of Mature Plant Leaf Rust Resistance in Chinese Spring Wheat

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 943 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Mcintosh ◽  
EP Baker
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Mature Plant ◽  
Mature Plant Resistance ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Two Factors

Athwal and Watson (1957) reported that the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring W1806t possessed a single dominant gene for mature plant resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm.) and that this gene was allelic with one of two factors in Uruguay W1064. The second factor in Uruguay, operative in both seedling and mature plant stages, was located on chromosomes 5D(XVIII) (McIntosh, Baker, and Driscoll 1965). Uurau (1950) presented F2 and Fs data for crosses involving certain Chinese Spring monosomic lines with the susceptible cultivar Federation 41. His results were inconclusive in associating resistance with a specific chromosome. The behaviour of the Chinese Spring resistance with regard to dominance has been found to vary in different investigations. In addition to the report of Athwal and Watson, Unrau found that the segregation pattern in crosses with Federation 41 indicated that resistance was governed by a single, incompletely dominant pair. On the other hand, Macindoe (1948) reported that a recessive gene for resistance was involved.

CHROMOSOMES OF CHINESE SPRING WHEAT CARRYING GENES FOR CROSSABILITY WITH BETZES BARLEY

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
Perry Y. Jui
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat

Chromosome substitution lines of the variety Hope in Chinese Spring (Triticum aestivum L.) were crossed onto Betzes barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Lam.). Three substitution lines of Hope involving chromosomes 5A, 5B, 5D gave no seed-set indicating that their counterparts in Chinese Spring were responsible for crossability with barley and that they function in complementary fashion. Other chromosomes of Hope had minor effects on crossability with barley.

The mode of inheritance of a type of dwarfism in common wheat

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 932-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Puccinia Graminis Tritici ◽  
Dark Green

A type of dwarfism found in crosses involving the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Webster and a stem rust (Puccinia graminis tritici Erik. &Henn.) susceptible line, LMPG, proved to be due to a dominant gene from cv. Webster and a recessive gene from LMPG. The dominant gene is closely linked to the gene Sr30, which conditions stem rust resistance in cv. Webster and is on chromosome 5D. The dwarf plants have short, dark green, stiff leaves and rarely develop more than two leaves before dying.Key words: dwarfism, Triticum aestivum, Puccinia graminis tritici, stem rust.

GENETIC AND REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF A CHEMICALLY-INDUCED SEMIDWARF MUTANT IN TRITICALE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
D. F. SALMON ◽  
E. N. LARTER ◽  
J. P. GUSTAFSON
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

The difference in height between a chemically-induced (EMS) semidwarf mutant of hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) and its tall parent (6TA204) was found to be controlled by a single recessive gene. The pedigree of the 6TA204 parent involved the combination of two hexaploid triticales, one octoploid triticale, and one dwarf hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). The dwarfness of the hexaploid wheat (P41603E), itself known to be conditioned by one or more recessive genes, was masked in the 6TA204 parent. In the derivation of the semidwarf 6TA204, it is postulated that either (1) a dominant gene for tallness was mutated to the recessive state, or (2) that a suppressor gene closely linked with a recessive gene for semidwarfism was impaired by EMS treatment, thereby allowing the expression of the semidwarf condition. Spike length of the semidwarf remained comparable to that of the tall parent; however, its cytological stability and fertility were significantly lower.

The inheritance of resistance to stem rust in 'K253', a hexaploid wheat with resistance from the tetraploid 'C.I. 7778'

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 854-856
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Moderate Resistance

The inheritance of stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. and Henn.) resistance was studied in 'K253', a hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with resistance derived from a tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum L.). The studies indicated that 'K253' carries one dominant gene for good resistance to races 29 and 56 (probably Sr9e) and one recessive gene for moderate resistance to race 15B-1. In addition, some plants apparently carry a recessive gene for moderate resistance to race 56. Four different types of hexaploid near-isogenic lines were produced. One carried Sr9e and another the gene for moderate resistance to race 15B-1. Two carried genes that had not been identified in the genetic studies, including one that was apparently not derived from K253.Key words: stem rust resistance, Puccinia graminis tritici, wheat, Triticum aestivum, Triticum turgidum.

scholarly journals GENETICS OF HEADING TIME IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.). II. THE INHERITANCE OF VERNALIZATION RESPONSE

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
Y Y Klaimi ◽  
C O Qualset
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Heading Time ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Multiple Alleles

ABSTRACT The inheritance of vernalization response was studied in crosses involving four spring wheats (Sonora 64 (S), Pitic 62 (P), Justin (J) and Thatcher (T)) and three winter wheats (Blackhull (B), Early Blackhull (E) and Extra Early Blackhull (EE)).—All winter cultivars were highly responsive to vernalization, and Pitic 62 was the only spring cultivar whose time to heading was significantly accelerated following cold treatments. When vernalized and grown under long days, spring and winter cultivars became comparable in their heading response, indicating that cold requirement is the major attribute differentiating the heading behavior of true spring and true winter wheats.—Inheritance of growth habit in the F1 generation of a five-parent diallel cross showed dominance of the spring character in all spring × winter crosses. Depending on the cross, one or two duplicate major genes governing growth habit were detected in F2, F3 and backcross generations grown in the field under long days in the absence of vernalizing temperatures. In some spring × winter crosses most of the variation in heading time among spring segregates could be attributed to the effects of major genes conditioning growth habit. In other crosses the heading patterns appeared more complex, indicating that genes with smaller effects are also involved in the control of heading response under spring or summer environments.—Evidence was presented supporting the hypothesis that the cultivar Pitic 62 carries a different allele at one of the two major loci governing its spring habit. This allele was associated with some response to vernalization and acted as a dominant gene determining earliness under low temperature vernalization, but as a partially recessive gene determining lateness in the absence of vernalizing temperatures. Genotypes were assigned to five cultivars as follows: S, CC DD; P, CC D'D'; J, cc DD; B and EE, cc dd.—The presence of major and minor genes and of multiple alleles governing response to photoperiod and vernalization was discussed in relation to the genetic manipulation of the heading response and to breeding wheat cultivars with specific or broad adaptation.

Differential response to chilling injury of the group 6 chromosomes of cv. Chinese Spring wheat

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. P. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Group 6

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) requires vernalization (exposure to temperatures between 1 and 10 °C) to induce heading. Vernalization also induces earlier heading of many spring wheat varieties. Studies of the spring wheat cv. Chinese Spring identified cytogenetic lines of the group 6 chromosomes that were susceptible to chilling injury when seedlings were grown at 6 °C for 8 weeks. Lines that were either ditelocentric for the long arm of chromosome 6D or nullisomic for 6D were susceptible, while those ditelocentric for the short arm of 6D were not. Neither cv. Chinese Spring nor ditelocentrics for either the long or short arms of chromosomes 6A or 6B were susceptible. Susceptible plants selected from F2 seedlings of plants monosomic for 6D were nullisomics. Doublemonotelocentric F1 hybrids from crosses between plants ditelocentric for 6DS or 6DL were resistant, but susceptible F2 seedlings from this cross were either nullisomic for 6D or telocentric for the long arm. The dominant gene(s) that prevents chilling injury at 6 °C appears to be on the short arm of chromosome 6D of cv. Chinese Spring wheat.Key words: chilling injury, wheat, telocentrics, nullisomics, vernalization.

REACTION OF WHEAT TO COMMON ROOT ROT: IDENTIFICATION OF A MAJOR GENE, Crr, ON CHROMOSOME 5B

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby I. Larson ◽  
T. G. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Random Crossover

Triticum aestivum L. cv. S-615 has a dominant gene for susceptibility to common root rot and cv. Apex a recessive gene for resistance on chromosome 5B. One hundred and twenty-two lines, each homozygous for a different random crossover between loci on Apex and S-615 chromosomes 5B, but near-isogenic with S-615 for the other 20 chromosomes, were tested for root rot reaction in soil naturally infested with the causal organism, Cochliobolus sativus (Ito and Kurib.) Dachs. ex Dastur, to determine whether the two genes are alleles. The ratio of resistant to susceptible lines was 1:1, and there were no intermediate or transgressive types. It was concluded, therefore, that the genes for resistance and susceptibility are alleles. The recessive gene for resistance has been given the symbol Crr for Cochliobolus root rot. Minor genes appear to exist on chromosome 5B of Apex which, when combined in some of the crossover lines with the dominant gene for susceptibility, crr, increase the percentage of seedlings killed by the disease but not the mean root rot rating of these lines

SEM study of the morphological effects of kinetin and zeatin on the growth and development of the apical meristem in wheat

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
G. M. Hutchins ◽  
J. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Furfuryl Alcohol ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Moist Environment

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play a large and incompletely understood role in the life-cycle of plants. The goal of this study was to determine what roles cytokinins play in the morphological development of wheat. To achieve any real success in altering the development and growth of wheat, the cytokinins must be applied directly to the apical meristem, or spike of the plant. It is in this region that the plant cells are actively undergoing mitosis. Kinetin and Zeatin were the two cytokinins chosen for this experiment. Kinetin is an artificial hormone that was originally extracted from old or heated DNA. Kinetin is easily made from the reaction of adenine and furfuryl alcohol. Zeatin is a naturally occurring hormone found in corn, wheat, and many other plants.Chinese Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was used for this experiment. Prior to planting, the seeds were germinated in a moist environment for 72 hours.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document