DISTRIBUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENDO-β-GLUCANASE ACTIVITIES IN BARLEY TISSUES DURING GERMINATION

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. BALLANCE ◽  
W. O. S. MEREDITH ◽  
D. E. LABERGE
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Hydrolase Activity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Glucanase Activity

Extracts of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) tissues were assayed for endo-β1,4-glucanase, endo-β1,3-glucanase and barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activities. The seven tissues examined were-hull, pericarp, green layer, aleurone, endosperm, embryo and scutellum. Tissues were dissected from unsteeped barley kernels and from kernels at various stages of germination. Endo-β1,4-glucanase activity occurred primarily in the hull and pericarp tissues but was also present in the endosperm during late germination. Endo-β1,3-glucanase activity was located predominantly in the embryo and scutellum of unsteeped kernels. During germination, this activity increased markedly in the aleurone and endosperm. Barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activity was concentrated in the aleurone and endosperm and small amounts were found in the hull, embryo and scutellum. Analyses of extracts from hull and endosperm tissues by column chromatography with CM-cellulose indicated that both tissues contain two similar enzymes with barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activity.

DEVELOPMENT OF CYTOLYTIC ENZYME ACTIVITIES DURING GERMINATION OF DIFFERENT BARLEYS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. BALLANCE ◽  
W. O. S. MEREDITH
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Hydrolase Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Glucanase Activity

The development of three cytolytic enzyme activities was assessed at sequential stages of germination for water-steeped and also gibberellic acid-treated samples of six barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. The cytolytic enzymes were barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase, endo-β 1,4-glucanase and endo-β 1,3-glucanase. Significant differences in the activity development profiles of the three enzymes were noted. Differences between cultivars were quite apparent for the barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activities but not for the other two activities. Gibberellic acid enhanced the barley-β-glucan endo-hydrolase activity within cultivars to varying degrees, slightly increased endo-β 1,3-glucanase activity and had no effect on endo-β 1,4-glucanase activities.

EST-SSR markers derived from an elite barley cultivar (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Morex’): polymorphism and genetic marker potential

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 665-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livinus C. Emebiri
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Glucanase Activity ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
High Level

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats have become the markers of choice for marker-assisted selection because of their low template DNA requirement, high reproducibility, and high level of polymorphism. This study investigated a new set of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) EST-derived SSR markers designed to target gene sequences expressed during grain development, as they are more likely to be important in determining grain quality. The EST sequences (HVSMEh and HVSMEi) were derived from cDNA libraries of the elite six-rowed cultivar Morex, made from spikes harvested at 5 to 45 days after pollination. Approximately half of the 110 SSR markers derived from the ESTs were polymorphic in a panel of 8 diverse barley genotypes, with PIC values between 0.19 and 0.79. Twenty of the new markers were mapped to chromosomal locations using 2 doubled haploid populations. To demonstrate marker potential, quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses were carried out with phenotypic data on wort β-glucan content and β-glucanase activity, two traits with a long history of genetic studies. Most of the EST-SSR markers mapped to within 10 cM of the cellulose synthase (HvCesA) and cellulose synthase-like (HvCslF) genes, which provides highly informative functional markers for tracking these genes in breeding programs. It was also observed that on any given chromosome, the QTL for β-glucan content and β-glucanase activity were rarely coincident but tended to occur in adjacent intervals along chromosomal regions, which agreed with their independent genetic basis; the adjacent localization may be important for coordination of cell wall degradation during germination and malting.

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) РАЗНОГО ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ПО ЭЛЕМЕНТАМ СТРУКТУРЫ УРОЖАЯ

2012 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
А.В. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВ ◽  
◽  
Н.Б. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВА ◽  
Т.В. КУКОЕВА ◽  
Н.В. БУРМАКИНА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

ВНУТРИВИДОВОЙ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) ПО УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ К ДЕЙСТВИЮ СВИНЦА

2014 ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. ДИКАРЕВ ◽  
◽  
В.Г. ДИКАРЕВ ◽  
Н.С. ДИКАРЕВА ◽  
С.А. ГЕРАСЬКИН ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Using AMMI approach to delineate genotype by environment interaction and stability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes under northern Indian shivalik hill conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Yadav ◽  
A. K. Razdan ◽  
Bupesh Kumar ◽  
Praveen Singh ◽  
Anjani K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Principal Component Axis ◽  
Ammi Analysis

Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) of 18 barley varieties was assessed during two successive rabi crop seasons so as to identify high yielding and stable barley varieties. AMMI analysis showed that genotypes (G), environment (E) and GEI accounted for 1672.35, 78.25 and 20.51 of total variance, respectively. Partitioning of sum of squares due to GEI revealed significance of interaction principal component axis IPCA1 only On the basis of AMMI biplot analysis DWRB 137 (41.03qha–1), RD 2715 (32.54qha–1), BH 902 (37.53qha–1) and RD 2907 (33.29qha–1) exhibited grain yield superiority of 64.45, 30.42, 50.42 and 33.42 per cent, respectively over farmers’ recycled variety (24.43qha–1).

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