CALCIUM DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS IN GREENHOUSE CUCUMBERS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Severe Deficiency

In a sand culture experiment with seeded and seedless greenhouse cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.), induced Ca deficiency over a range of nutrient Ca applications produced characteristic foliar and plant symptoms. Severe deficiency was associated with top leaf tissue levels of 0.20% Ca and less. Fruit symptoms were a proportionate stunting, center and stem-end constriction in Burpee hybrid, and a progressively darker green color in Sporu. Mild symptoms were difficult to recognize and could only be confirmed by tissue analysis, although it was not possible to determine an exact threshold value for incipient deficiency.

MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY IN GREENHOUSE TOMATOES

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon M. Ward ◽  
Marcia J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adequate Sampling ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

In a sand culture experiment with greenhouse tomatoes, tissue analysis of plant samples showing a wide range of magnesium deficiency symptoms indicated that a tissue level of 0.30% Mg was associated with incipient deficiency and the beginning of symptom expression, while a level of 0.15% or less was associated with severe deficiency symptoms. These are definite values and it is suggested that they may be applicable to many crop plants, provided adequate sampling and accurate analyses are carried out.

scholarly journals MANGANESE DEFICIENCY AND TOXICITY IN GREENHOUSE TOMATOES

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Symptoms of manganese deficiency and toxicity on greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), produced experimentally in sand culture, were related to Mn content determined in tissues of leaves, petioles, stems, suckers, roots, and fruits. The highest concentration of Mn found in tissue showing deficiency symptoms was 25 ppm, although this level of Mn also was found in some healthy tissues. Severe deficiency was associated with all tissues, except fruit, that contained 20 ppm Mn or less. An exact threshold value for the onset of Mn toxicity was difficult to define, but probably occurred between 450 and 500 ppm for young top leaves and between 900 and 1,000 ppm for older lower leaves. The tomato plant will tolerate a wide range of Mn levels in apparently healthy tissue.

scholarly journals Silicon attenuates calcium deficiency by increasing ascorbic acid content, growth and quality of cabbage leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Luis Felipe Lata Tenesaca ◽  
José Lucas Farias da Silva ◽  
Ben-Hur Mattiuz
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Ca Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Water Loss ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

AbstractCalcium (Ca) deficiency in cabbage plants induces oxidative damage, hampering growth and decreasing quality, however, it is hypothesized that silicon (Si) added to the nutrient solution may alleviate crop losses. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating whether silicon supplied in the nutrient solution reduces, in fact, the calcium deficiency effects on cabbage plants. In a greenhouse, cabbage plants were grown using nutrient solutions with Ca sufficiency and Ca deficiency (5 mM) without and with added silicon (2.5 mM), arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial in randomized blocks, with five replications. At 91 days after transplanting, the plants were harvested for biological evaluations. In the treatment without added Si, Ca deficiency promoted oxidative stress, low antioxidant content, decreased dry matter, and lower quality leaf. On the other hand, added Si attenuated Ca deficiency in cabbage by decreasing cell extravasation while increasing both ascorbic acid content and fresh and dry matter, providing firmer leaves due to diminished leaf water loss after harvesting. We highlighted the agronomic importance of Si added to the nutrient solution, especially in crops at risk of Ca deficiency.

Sulphur stocks in ‘Sindhri’ mango soils in Sindh, Pakistan, in relation to leaf tissue analysis

2017 ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
M. Memon ◽  
M.B. Dalwani ◽  
K.S. Memon ◽  
F.S. Fateh ◽  
I.S.E. Bally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Tissue Analysis

Response of plants to calcium concentration in solution culture

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Loneragan ◽  
K Snowball ◽  
WJ Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Nutrient Culture ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Wide Range

Calcium concentrations required in solution for growth of 30 grasses, cereals, legumes, and herbs were defined for a wide range of concentrations which were maintained constant in Bowing culture solutions of pH 5.7. Contrary to published results obtained with standard nutrient culture techniques, some legumes and herbs grew much better at low concentrations of calcium (2.5 and 10µM ) than many Gramineae. The minimal concentration required to produce maximum growth of plants and eliminate calcium deficiency symptoms varied widely (2.5–1000 µM) within each group; it varied over the same range for Gramineae as for legumes and herbs. At 100 µM all plants grew well without symptoms of calcium deficiency. Increasing the concentration to 1000 µM increased growth in only a few species. At concentrations < l µM , severe deficiency symptoms developed on the tops of all species. The growth of legumes and herbs was more quickly and more severely affected than that of Gramineae. The roots of many legumes and herbs also degenerated rapidly. In the same solutions the roots of all Gramineae appeared healthy for some time. However, the advantage of Gramineae in these solutions was transitory, since the high relative growth rate in their early growth stages fell rapidly. It is suggested that distinct processes dominate the plants' behaviour at each range of calcium concentrations. At extremely low concentrations (< l µM ) , to which legumes and herbs are more sensitive than Gramineae, the dominant process may involve ion exchange equilibria between calcium in the environment and in the cell walls or membranes. At higher concentrations (2.5–1000 µM), to which Gramineae are as sensitive as legumes and herbs, processes of absorption of calcium from solution and translocation to plant tops are probably dominant.

SULPHUR DEFICIENCY AND TOXICITY SYMPTOMS IN GREENHOUSE TOMATOES AND CUCUMBERS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Morphological Effect ◽  
Sulphur Deficiency ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

Symptoms of sulphur deficiency and toxicity on greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and cucumbers (Cucumis sativis L.) were produced experimentally in sand culture and are described in detail. The principal morphological effect was a general depression of growth and fruit production. A S content of less than 0.25% in any plant tissue was associated with severe deficiency. The distribution of S in various plant tissues is shown.

Improving Salt Stress Tolerance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) by Using Triacontanol

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubeen Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Amjad ◽  
Sumreen Anjum ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Alam ◽  
Shahbaz Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Culture Study ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Physiological Attributes

Salinity is an ancient environmental phenomenon and reflected as the most important process of land degradation. It is widespread at variable degrees across the world. A sand culture study was conducted in order to investigate the performance of exogenously applied triacontanol on two tolerant (Green long and Marketmore) and two sensitive (Summer green and 20252) genotypes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under salinity stress (NaCl 50 mM). The foliar application of triacontanol was carried out @ 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, 1.00 and 1.20 mg L-1. Salinity caused significant reduction in growth rate, gas exchange and other physiological attributes. Results revealed that triacontanol seemed to relieve the harmful impact of salt stress by improving morpho-physiological attributes and decreasing membrane leakage. Genotypes Green long and Marketmore performed better under salt stress regarding all studied parameters than Summer green and 20252. However, foliar feeding of triacontanol significantly enriched the efficiency of sensitive genotypes under saline conditions. The highest values of different attributes of cucumber plants were observed with foliar application of 0.80 mg L-1 triacontanol. Hence, triacontanol can be effectively used as a mitigating agent to alleviate phytotoxic effects in plants under saline stress.

AVAILABLE SOIL POTASSIUM AND FERTILIZER POTASSIUM FOR BRUSSELS SPROUTS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. MUNRO ◽  
J. A. CUTCLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Soil Potassium

Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC., Jade Cross) require no potassium fertilizer on Prince Edward Island soils if exchangeable soil K as determined by neutral 1 N ammonium acetate exceeds 100 ppm. Below 75 ppm exchangeable soil K, 186 kg K/ha must be applied for maximum yields. Potassium treatments increased yields at only three of 12 locations studied. Leaf tissue potassium concentration was significantly increased at all locations by the fertilizer treatments. Neutral 1 N ammonium acetate for determining exchangeable K was the best soil analysis extract among those tested for measuring available potassium. Tissue analysis gave no information beyond soil analysis for predicting potassium fertilizer requirements on any soil studied.

Tolerance of seven perennial grasses to high nickel in sand culture

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kopittke ◽  
F. P. C. Blamey ◽  
R. A. Kopittke ◽  
C. J. Asher ◽  
N. W. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
High Nickel ◽  
High Concentrations

Environmental context.High concentrations of Ni in soil may occur either naturally or as a result of human activities. We used a sand culture system to investigate the suitability of seven perennial grasses for the revegetation of Ni-contaminated sites. This study provides information on the toxic effects of Ni on plant growth and gives consideration to the health of animals consuming these plants, thereby increasing the accuracy of risk assessments. Abstract.Although grasses are commonly used to revegetate disturbed areas, comparatively little is known regarding the tolerance of perennial grasses to toxic levels of trace metals. A sand culture experiment was conducted to investigate the tolerance of seven perennial grasses to high concentrations of Ni. The activity of Ni2+ in solution that resulted in a 50% reduction in shoot growth ranged from 50 µM for Sabi grass (Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Dandy cv. Saraji) to 13 µM for curly Mitchell grass (Astrebla lappacea (Lindl.) Domin). In most grasses, growth in the high-Ni2+ treatments resulted in shoot Ni concentrations at or above the toxicity threshold for consumption by cattle (100 µg Ni g–1). Based upon their tolerance to Ni, and the extent to which they translocate Ni to the shoots, Sabi grass, signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. cv. Basilisk) and buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris (L.) cv. Biloela) appear well suited for the phytostabilisation of Ni-contaminated sites in subtropical and tropical regions.

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