PERFORMANCE OF HYBRIDS IN ORCHARD GRASS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. CHRISTIE
Keyword(s):  
Forage Yield ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Hybrid Superiority ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Single-cross hybrids of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were evaluated for yield, in vitro digestibility (IVD), and relative maturity in three trials. All trials were planted broadcast, using seed produced on male-sterile clones. All trials were harvested for 2 yr. The average yield of the 48 hybrids tested was 98% of that for the cultivar Frode in the first cut each year, and 103% over the season. The most productive hybrid produced 28% more forage than Frode in the first cut, and 15% more over the season. For IVD, there was no evidence of hybrid superiority. The results indicate that the use of hybrids can result in an increase in forage yield.

EFFECTIVENESS OF ONE CYCLE OF PHENOTYPIC SELECTION FOR IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY IN BROMEGRASS AND ORCHARD GRASS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. CHRISTIE
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Twenty-seven topcross and nine polycross progenies of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) were evaluated for in vitro digestibility (IVD) and yield. Two groups of polycross progenies of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were also evaluated. Bromegrass plants varied in IVD from 58 to 70%, while their topcross progenies varied from 58.2 to 64.6%. The correlation between parents and progeny was 0.55. Selection for high IVD did not result in any improvement over cv. Saratoga. One group of 10 orchard grass plants was high in IVD (62–66%), while the other was low (50–58%). The polycross progenies of these two groups were similar (68.2% vs. 68.5%). Selection for IVD was not effective in altering progeny IVD values.

scholarly journals Understanding Heterosis, Genetic Effects, and Genome Wide Associations for Forage Quantity and Quality Traits in Multi-Cut Pearl Millet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnaiah Govintharaj ◽  
Marappa Maheswaran ◽  
Michael Blümmel ◽  
Pichaikannu Sumathi ◽  
Anil Kumar Vemula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Pearl millet is an important food and fodder crop cultivated in the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa and Asia, and is now expanding to other regions for forage purpose. This study was conducted to better understand the forage quantity and quality traits to enhance the feed value of this crop. Two sets of pearl millet hybrids (80 single cross hybrids in Set-I and 50 top cross hybrids in Set-II) along with their parents evaluated multi-locationally for the forage-linked traits under multi-cut (two cuts) system revealed significant variability for the forage traits in the hybrids and parents. The mean better parent heterosis (BPH) for total dry forage yield (TDFY) was 136% across all the single cross hybrids and 57% across all the top cross hybrids. The mean BPH for in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) varied from −11 to 7% in the single cross hybrids and −13 to 11% in the top cross hybrids across cuts. The findings of TDFY and IVOMD heterosis in these sets indicated the potential of improvement of the hybrid cultivars for forage quantity and quality in forage pearl millet. The parental lines single cross parent (SCP)-L02, SCP-L06, and top cross parent (TCP)-T08 found superior in the forage quantity and quality traits can be utilized in the future breeding programs. Most of the forage traits were found to be controlled by using the non-additive gene action. A diverse panel of 105 forage-type hybrid parents (Set-III) genotyped following genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and phenotyped for crude protein (CP) and IVOMD under multi-cuts for 2 years identified one stable significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on LG4 for CP, and nine SNPs for IVOMD distributed across all the linkage groups except on LG2. The identified loci, once validated, then could be used for the forage quality traits improvement in pearl millet through marker-assisted selection.

Performance of tetraploid progeny derived from 2x–4x intersubspecific crosses in Dactylis glomerata L.

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Casler ◽  
P. M. Hugessen
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Tetraploid Progeny ◽  
Tetraploid Parent

The Dactylis glomerata L. species complex is a genetically diverse group of naturally occurring diploid (2n = 2x = 14), tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28), and hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) subspecies. The diploid subspecies tend to be geographically isolated and genetically distinct. Each subspecies probably possesses alleles for adaptation to specific environmental regimes. The objective of this research was to evaluate tetraploid progeny from 2x–4x intersubspecific crosses for forage yield and quality relative to their tetraploid parent. Progeny were developed by two stages of hybridization; intra- and inter-subspecific hybrids were generated from 2x–2x crosses, after which selected diploid progeny were mated, as females, to adapted tetraploid genotypes. From 14 2x–4x crosses, utilizing diploids known to produce 2n eggs, 59 tetraploid progeny were identified. These tetraploid progeny and their parents were vegetatively cloned and established in pots in two greenhouses. Forage was harvested from two replicates of each plant in each greenhouse for a total of six cuttings. Vigor, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were determined. Parent–progeny regressions indicated evidence of heritable variation for vigor and IVDMD, but not for NDF. Favorable heterosis (relative to the tetraploid parent) on a family mean basis was significant only for IVDMD in one family. When selection among progeny within families was possible (in six families), favorable transgressive segregants were observed for all traits in at least one family and in a total of five families. The favorable performance of some tetraploid progeny, combined with the diverse nature of the species, indicate that improvements to cultivated orchard grass are possible. Selection at both the diploid and tetraploid levels will be necessary to achieve these goals.Key words: Dactylis glomerata L., gametic nonreduction, heterosis, heterozygosity, orchard grass, polysomic polyploids.

VARIABILITY OF IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY AMONG CLONES OF BROMEGRASS AND ORCHARDGRASS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Christie ◽  
D. N. Mowat
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Genotypic Effects

Individual clones of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were harvested at corresponding stages of maturity within each species. The orchardgrass clones were harvested in 1962, and the in vitro digestibility (IVD) was based on the whole plant. Bromegrass clones, harvested in 1965 and 1966, were separated into leaves and stems. The IVD of each component was determined, and from these, the IVD for the whole plant was estimated.Among 444 orchardgrass clones, IVD values ranged from 49 to 68%. Most of the variation was attributed to genotypic effects. For approximately 250 clones of bromegrass, IVD values ranged from 66 to 75%, 58 to 73%, and 62 to 74%, for leaves, stems, and whole plants respectively. Over the 2-year period, differences among stems and whole plants were significant. Correlations between leaf and stem digestibilities were significant but of low magnitude. Ten clones of bromegrass had stems and leaves of equal digestibility.In bromegrass, IVD values showed no relationship to several phenotypic characteristics.

RESPONSE OF ORCHARD GRASS TO MULTIPLE HARVESTS AND RATES OF NITROGEN IN POST-SEEDING YEARS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-770
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
MICHIO SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Total N ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
N Rates

Frode orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was fertilized with 99–495 kg N/ha/yr in three equal applications and harvested three or four times per season over a 3-yr period to determine the productivity, quality of forage and persistence of stands. The application of N resulted in significant (P =.001) linear and quadratic increases in dry matter (DM) yields. Higher DM yields were obtained with the 3-harvest system while the yield distribution within the season was more uniform for the 4-harvest system. Total N concentrations of orchard grass increased linearly with the N rates. Total N yields were dependent on the rates of applied N with the recovery of applied N ranging from 39 to 70% at 99–297 kg N/ha/yr, respectively. The in vitro disappearance of DM was slightly reduced by the high N rates in the 1st and 2nd harvests. The nitrate-N concentrations were highest in the early and late summer ranging from.11 to.29% at 297–495 kg N/ha/yr, respectively. The persistence of orchard grass was better under the 4- than the 3- harvest system.

Heterotic groups for identifying of suitable combiners in sunflower using top-cross

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-22
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Research Field ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Parental Inbred ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

The study was conducted in order to identify the suitable parental inbred lines using top cross method for improvement of new sunflower F1 single cross hybrids at research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj, Iran during two Crop season (2018 and 2019). Experimental materials consisted of 31 restore lines and 43 cytoplasmic male sterile lines which were crossed with A1221 and R14 as the testers respectively. The developed F1 hybrids were evaluated for GCA of three breeding objectives i.e. flowering time, plant height and grain yield during two years replicated trials. Cluster analysis revealed two heterotic groups in which the restorer lines; R22, R24 and R38 (Grain yield of 33, 32 and 31 g head-1 respectively) and three CMS lines; A32, A370 and A110 (Grain yield of 47, 44 and 43 g head-1 respectively) were identified as the suitable restorer and cytoplasmic male sterile line for improvement of new sunflower single cross hybrids. Evaluation of specific combing ability of the resulted combinations will reveal the efficiency of this selection in the following generation.

SEEDING YEAR YIELDS AND QUALITY OF ORCHARD GRASS AS INFLUENCED BY N RATES AND HARVEST SYSTEMS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-431
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
MICHIO SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Total N ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
N Rates

Frode orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was seeded at 20 kg/ha without a companion crop in 1971 and 1972. Nitrogen was applied at 37–185 kg/ha at seeding and after the first harvest, and the stands were subjected to three harvest systems. Total dry matter (DM) yields increased up to 74 kg N/ha/application. Systems with the latest first harvest and longest regrowth intervals produced highest DM yields. Early seeding was important for the production of high DM yields. Late fall harvest in October resulted in poor winter survival. The total N concentrations of orchard grass ranged from 2.58 to 4.40%, with small or no increases beyond 111 kg N/ha/application. In vitro disappearance of DM was not affected by N rates but varied from 60.7 to 69.8% with the highest readings for the early or short regrowth interval harvests. Nitrate-N concentrations of orchard grass were < 0.15% at 37 kg N/ha/application. At or above 74 kg N/ha/application, nitrate-N usually exceeded 0.15% level which might be potentially toxic to livestock consuming the forage.

DISSEMINATION OF ORCHARD-GRASS POLLEN

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. KOZUMPLIK ◽  
B. R. CHRISTIE
Keyword(s):  
Grass Pollen ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Pollen Counts ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Isolation Distances ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Microscope Slides ◽  
Cross Fertilization

The dissemination of orchard-grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) pollen from a topcross nursery was determined using microscope slides. These were exposed in eight directions around the source, and at various distances up to 300 m. Within 25 m of the source, pollen counts declined to 4%. Beyond 25 m, the counts declined slowly. At 300 m from the source, counts were about 1% of those at the source. Male-sterile plants were exposed at the same sites as the slides. Seed production of these plants did not decline as rapidly as pollen counts, and there was little relation between the two determinations. With normal (male-fertile) orchard grass, the data indicate that little cross-fertilization would be expected at isolation distances of 25 m or more. However, with male-sterile material, greater isolation distances are required.

VARIABILITY FOR IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. COULMAN ◽  
R. P. KNOWLES
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

Significant differences in in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) were found between plants of diploid Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. and tetraploid A. desertorum (Fisch.) Schult. Narrow-sense heritabilities for IVDOM ranged from 0.36 to 0.76. IVDOM showed no relationship to plant height, forage yield and lodging percentage, but was significantly correlated with leaf percentage. Diploid strains were more palatable than tetraploids and were significantly superior in IVDOM. A sharp decline in in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) occurred from heading to the end of anthesis with little decline thereafter. Approximately 1 wk prior to anthesis, the IVDDM of crested wheatgrass was similar to that of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), but at subsequent stages crested wheatgrass was inferior. It was concluded that limited progress in breeding for quality in crested wheatgrass was possible using in vitro testing.

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